scholarly journals The implication of reversal burden proof on corruption criminal act

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e60942844
Author(s):  
Djoko Sumaryanto
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Proof System ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Financial Losses

The polemic of the ratification of KPK (Corruption Eradication Commission) Constitution indicated the good intentions of government as well as people in society through their respective perceptions which in conclusion whether the KPK is getting stronger or become weaker. The aim of this analysis is to examine on the implication of reversal burden proof system on corruption criminal act in Indonesian Law. Reversal of the burden proof as determined in the PTPK Law and the 2003 KAK Law leaves problems in its implementation, through normative legal research with the study of laws and comparisons, something new is obtained which is a guideline for judges in giving verdicts regarding the results of verification of assets and actions. Implications of proven or unproven acts and assets of the defendant through reversing the burden of proof of criminal criminal behavior which is greatly affects the received sanction by the defendant which include imprisonment penalties, criminal sanctions for fines and additional criminal sanctions in the form of returning state financial losses.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN SISTEM PEMBUKTIAN TERBALIK TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI (SEBUAH UPAYA PROGRESIF DALAM PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI)

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muwahid
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Proof System ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Law

<p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The main object of this research is the regulation reversal burden of proof system of corruption in Act Number 20 of 2001. This research is a normative legal research, data obtained from primary legal materials that legislation, and secondary legal materials namely, books, journals and law relating to the burden of proof. The technique of data analysis uses content analysis.The results of research showed, <em>First</em> the reversal burden of proof system in criminal law of corruption stipulated in Article 12B paragraph (1), Article 37, Article 38A and Article 38B of Act Number 20 of 2001 on the eradication of corruption.<em> Second,</em> the application of reversal burden of proof principle in a criminal act of corruption is a specific provision in the law of criminal procedure, as a way to take war or eradicate of the corruption which is an extra ordinary crime, this provision is evidence of irregularities in the conventional system as was stipulated by the Criminal Code, in this case applies the principle of <em>lex specialis derogat lex generalis.</em><em></em></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>Aplication,</em> <em>Reversal Burden of Proof, Corruption.</em></p>

scholarly journals PEMBAHARUAN KEBIJAKAN HUKUM PIDANA TERKAIT BEBAN PEMBUKTIAN PADA TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DALAM RANGKA PENGEMBALIAN KERUGIAN KEUANGAN NEGARA

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afrianto Sagita
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Proof Theory ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Financial Losses

Abstract This research aims to find out and analyze about how the criminal law policy reform related to the burden of proof theory can be used as the legal instruments in order as a tool to recover the state financial losses. This research has the type of Normative legal research, which has done by examining the library materials or the secondary data. The result for this reserach explain which Presumption Of Guilty is very urgent to be contained on the Eradication Of Corruption Crime Law Policy and it is considered to implement as immediatly. The application of the Presumption Of Guilty theory should be limited only on the evidance step on the trial only. Through the method of reversing the burden of proof, which expected to eliminate the difficulties of Eradication on the Corruption Crime Law Policy which faced during this time. Therefore, it is reasonable if the legislators still desire to contained the reversing of the burden of proof system on the Corruption Crime Law Policy, so it should be able to find out the base of law, which is by making the presumption of guilty to become the foundation or the philosophy which has function as the base of law. Then, level of the principle to be implemented as a norm, so that the policy about the burden of proof can be included on every article clause in the Corruption Crime Law Policy. Legal rules which is in the context of eradicating corruption also should be developed progressively according to the development of times, to reduce the left behind and get lose of current corruption modes nowadays.  Keywords: Criminal Law Policy, Burden of Proof, Corruption

scholarly journals BRIBERY AND GRATUITY: REGULATORY ANALYSIS AND JUDICIAL RESPONSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Ach. Tahir ◽  
Mahrus Ali ◽  
Muhammad Arif Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Reporting Mechanism ◽  
Regulatory Analysis

<p>This paper is aimed at analyzing the concepts and parameters to determine an act as a bribery and gratuity in the Anti-Corruption Law and court cases.  This involved the application of the doctrinal legal research to understand these differences. The results of this study showed that bribery requires a meeting of mind between the bribe givers and bribe recipients which is not found in gratuity. The reporting mechanism and the reversal burden of proof do not apply to bribery while Operation Catching Hand does not apply to gratuity due to its inability to satisfy the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code. Criminal sanctions are also imposed on both the giver and the recipient of a bribe while the act of a giver in gratuity is not considered as a criminal offense. The study also found that the court failed to apply these essential differences.</p>

scholarly journals Legal implications of the criminal policy of returning state financial losses by corporations in corruption criminal acts to restore state financial losses

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 298-303
Author(s):  
Idris Wasahua ◽  
Istislam Istislam ◽  
Abdul Madjid ◽  
Setyo Widagdo
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Financial Losses

The criminal policy of returning state financial losses to corporations as perpetrators of corruption in state financial losses is regulated as additional criminal sanctions in the form of confiscation of goods and payment of replacement money in Article 18 paragraph (1) letter a and letter b of Law Number 31 of 1999 as amended by Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes. The purpose of this study is to find out how the legal implications of the criminal policy of returning state financial losses by corporations as perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption are. This research includes normative legal research with several approaches, namely; Historical approach, statutory approach, case approach, and conceptual approach. The results of this study show that the existing criminal policy for recovering state financial losses still has various legal implications which result in non-optimal efforts to recover state financial losses due to corruption in state financial losses committed by corporations.

scholarly journals Embodiment Principles of Clearing Justice in Consumer Arbitration

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Azwir Agus
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Proof System ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Verification System ◽  
Principle Of Justice ◽  
Formal Justice

The realization of the principle of justice in proving the settlement of consumer disputes through arbitration in Indonesia is equally important. Undeniable, there is a weakness of the consumer protection law, both substantial norms and formal law. This article is normative legal research that refers to norms and legal principles in the legislation or court decisions. The results show that the proof is one of the trials that plays an important role. In general, the verification system is distinguished based on civil law and common law understandings influenced by various proof system theories such as the presumption of liability principle adopted in the Indonesian consumer protection law. The principle of justice in the consumer arbitration system is different from the arbitration verification system that is universally applicable in Indonesia. The ultimate goal of choosing consumer arbitration is to get substantial justice that is more dignified and not just obtaining formal justice. 

scholarly journals Perlindungan Konsumen atas Metode Penawaran Negative Option di Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Anastasia ◽  
Dwi Sekar Ningrum ◽  
William Marthianus ◽  
Willis Patrick Onggo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Telecommunications Services ◽  
Financial Losses

Negative Option Method is a bidding method that requires confirmation from consumers in accepting or rejecting an offer. If the customer doesn’t provide confirmation, the business actor assumes that the consumer agrees and will be charged a fee for the offer given. The Negative Option method originating from the United States has actually developed in Indonesia, especially in the provision of telecommunications services. It is not uncommon for Telecommunications Service Providers in Indonesia to offer a particular feature that requires confirmation of rejection or cancellation from consumers via message, such as "unreg". If the consumer does not provide confirmation, the business actor will unilaterally assume that the Customer has accepted the offer, thus often resulting in the consumer experiencing financial losses due to the imposition of costs for goods and / or services without the consent of the consumer. This encourages the author to conduct legal research on consumer legal protection of the Negative Option bidding method using the normative juridical method. This legal research concludes that the Negative Option bidding method is contrary to the Minister of Communications Regulation Article 2 paragraph (3) and Article 4 paragraph (1) letter a which specifies that each Telecommunications Service Provider must obtain written and/or message approval from the Customer to activate a paid feature. If the Telecommunications Service Provider has not received approval from the Customer, then the paid feature must be stopped.

scholarly journals Akibat Hukum Terhadap Pelaksanaan Arisan Online Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-302
Author(s):  
Erlin Kusnia Dewi ◽  
Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi Dewi ◽  
I Made Minggu Widyantara
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Online Transactions ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Social Gathering ◽  
Legal Subjects

The 2008 ITE Law regulates fraudulent acts that are applied online. The researcher wrote a scientific article with the title Legal Impacts on the Implementation of Online Arisan Based on Law No. 19 of 2016. There are two formulations of this research problem How is the Legal Protection for Parties Conducting Online Arisan based on Law Number 19 of 2016? and What are the Criminal Sanctions Against BandarArisanOnlinein the event of Default? Normative legal research is a method applied by the author in this scientific article. The author carries out a literature study by collecting legal material to answer the formulation of research problems. The author carries out a literature study by collecting legal material to answer the formulation of research problems. This study's findings explain that there are legal protections for parties who carry out online social gathering criminal sanctions against online social gathering based on ITE Law No. 19 of 2016 against online social gathering fraud perpetrators focused on individual legal subjects. This finding is supported by Article 28 paragraph (1), which explains that consumers who get losses due to online transactions can obtain legal protection.

scholarly journals Sanksi Pidana terhadap Pejabat Negara yang Melakukan Korupsi atas Penyalahgunaan Wewenang

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-173
Author(s):  
I Gede Sayogaramasatya ◽  
I Made Minggu Widyantara ◽  
Ida Ayu Putu Widiati
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
The Law ◽  
Financial Losses

The large number of state officials who commit corruption due to abuse of authority while exercising their authority can lead to losses to State finances. This study aims to determine the regulation of corruption by state officials in Indonesia, as well as to determine the sanctions for state officials who commit corruption for abuse of power. The research method used in this research is normative legal research with a statutory approach. The results showed that the regulation of corruption committed by state officials in the Corruption Eradication Law No. 20 of 2001, which defines that the act is committed by everyone against the law only to enrich himself or others including corporations which categorized as causing financial losses to the country's economy. There are two sanctions for officials who commit corruption for abuse of office, namely the death penalty and imprisonment.

scholarly journals Burden of Proof Reversal in Criminal Acts of Money Laundering

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khusnul Fauzi Zainal ◽  
Syukri Akub ◽  
Andi Muhammad Sofyan
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Community Law ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Criminal Offenses

This study aims to analyze the burden of proof reversal system in handling cases of money laundering. This type of research is normative juridical legal research. The results of this study indicate that in the reversal system of the burden of proof of criminal acts of money laundering, each party has a burden of proof, the public prosecutor is burdened to prove that these assets are the property of the defendant and has a relationship with the original criminal act charged, while the defendant burdened to prove the origin of the assets claimed and if the defendant is unable to prove the origin of the assets, the assets can be strongly suspected to originate from criminal offenses. There are still obstacles in law enforcement both from the substance of the law (norms), legal structure (law enforcement agencies) and the culture of law (the culture of community law).

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