Towards a Reformed Carriage of Goods by Sea Law: Indonesia and Global Practice

The UNCITRAL (United Nations Commission on International Trade Law) has adopted four international conventions to standardize laws governing the carriage of goods by sea. Hybrid versions of the four conventions have been largely applied by most maritime countries in the world, which leave a few countries to uphold their own versions, including Indonesia. Ten major trading partner countries with Indonesia have long established the implementation of provisions under the UNCITRAL conventions, while Indonesia still stays with 1898 codes, inherited from Dutch colonization. This paper examines the key provisions and shortcomings of UNCITRAL conventions and their global adoption. The discussion continues to individually evaluate and compare the legal practices of governing carriage goods by sea in Indonesia and its ten major country partners. The comparison analysis results in similar implementation of a hybrid version of the four UNCITRAL conventions adopted by the ten trading partners; which strongly encourages Indonesia to replace the 1898 commercial codes with current international practices that convey the best interests of Indonesia.

Implementasi Green Growth Economic pada Industri Kelapa Sawit melalui Sertifikasi ISPO

Industri kelapa sawit merupakan industri strategis nasional karena selain sebagai penyumbang devisa terbesar juga memiliki dampak besar terhadap perekonomian di Indonesia. Tidak dapat dikesampingkan fakta bahwa industri kelapa sawit juga menimbulkan sejumlah dampak negatif bagi lingkungan. Perdebatan dari kalangan konservasitisme dan developmentalis terkait kelanjutan pengelolaan sumber daya alam tidak akan menyelesaikan akar masalah sebenarnya. Pemerintah perlu mengatur kelanjutan pengembangan industri strategis kelapa sawit. Persaoalan dalam penulisan ini adalah pemerintah dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir berkali-kali membatalkan aturan tentang sertifikasi industri kelapa sawit yang lestari (sertifikasi ISPO) akibatnya pendekatan green growth economic belum dapat terwujud pada industri kelapa sawit. Metode Penulisan dalam penelitian ini yuridis normatif dengan fokus melakukan kajian yuridis terhadap implementasi konsep hukum lingkungan green growth economic terhadap kebijakan sertifikasi pada industri kelapa sawit. Hasil kajian penelitian ini menunjukkan aturan yang tidak jelas dan mengikat terkait sertifikasi ISPO (hanya bersifat voluntary). Selain itu sertifikasi ISPO hanya memberi kewajiban tanpa memberi insentif apapun bagi industri kelapa sawit. Hal ini berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan sertifikasi internasional yakni RSPO, selain memberi kewajiban tetapi juga mampu memberikan insentif berupa harga yang premium menyebabkan sertifikasi ISPO tidak dapat diterapkan secara efektif guna menunjang green growth economic.

Penegakan Hukum Illegal Fishing dalam Perspektif UNCLOS 1982

Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan terbesar kedua didunia yang mempunyai kekayaan sumber daya perairan yang cukup tinggi serta sumber daya hayati yang beranekaragam. Indonesia juga berada pada posisi yang sangat strategis di antara negara-negara didunia, letaknya yang strategis inilah yang menimbulkan kemungkinan terjadinya berbagai macam kejahatan yang terjadi di laut. Salah satunya adalah tindak pidana illegal fishing. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan Undang-Undang (statute approach) serta pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS 1982) sebagai ketentuan hukum internasional mengatur secara umum tentang penegakan hukum di laut teritorial maupun zona ekonomi ekslusif (ZEE) suatu negara yang diimplementasikan dalam hukum nasional melalui perundang-undangan. Adapun Undang-Undang yang mengatur secara spesifik mengenai illegal fishing yakni Undang-Undang No. 31 Tahun 2004 yang diubah menjadi Undang-Undang No. 45 Tahun 2009 tentang Perikanan dan Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1983 tentang Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia (ZEEI).

Marine Litter Management Policy: State Responsibilities And The Role Of Local Wisdom

Indonesia as the biggest maritime state has not only advantages but also obstacles in managing sea. Called potential because of its large resources but it also brings into a fact of the lack in exploitation of the sea. Such transportation and exploitation have caused a lot debris in the sea which is harmful. This article aims to examine state responsibility in prevent and tackle marine debris. It also aims to enhance local wisdom as solution. This article is normative juridical, using statute and conceptual approach. It is made deductive from specific issue into general issue based on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. After collecting all material, this article then analyzes it qualitatively. The result show that state responsibility has been implemented only in level of regulation. Although some regulation has underlined local wisdom as important matter, in fact, Indonesia still in process of inventory related local wisdom and still far from enhancing the local wisdom as solution to prevent and tackle marine debris. These practices are different to some states which apply their local wisdom as one of solution. Therefore, Indonesia must collaborate legal policy and local wisdom to achieve higher result in preventing and tackling marine littering. A legal policy that born from the way of life in community may accepted better.

Legal Consequences of The Absense of Informed Consent in Therapeutic Transactions

A person's right to their own body is one of the human rights protected under the right to self-determination,1 and this protection also applies to patients seeking treatments. The process of giving information by the doctor, which is then followed with the consent to medical action by patient, is known as informed consent. In Indonesia, the protection of such right is contained in various laws and regulations. This is a descriptive legal research, with normative-judicial or library research method and qualitative data analysis. The discussion covers topics regarding therapeutic transaction as a form of agreement, the presence of informed consent in therapeutic transactions, and the consequence of the absence of informed consent from the perspective of civil law. It is also supplemented with case decision study on Case Decision No. 3203 K/Pdt/2017 which proves that the lack of informed consent is a legitimate ground for a lawsuit.

The Contradiction of Between Judge’s Decision and Legal Provisions Regarding The Position of Heirs in Proof of Land Rights

As the economic development of Indonesian society increases, so will the need for legal certainty in the field of land for the right holder of a plot of land. the fundamental issue in verifying the right to the land is any person claiming to have a right, or appointing an event to affirm his right or to deny any right of another person, shall prove the existence of that right or prove the event, the heirs' a case study of the Samarinda District Court Judgment Number 138 / Pdt.G / 2014 / PN.Smr.This research uses normative research method. The primary legal material of this research is the legislation that is compiled into a conceptual form based on existing legislation. Which then conducted legal analysis of the problems in this study.The result of the research is the position of the heirs in verification of the right to land must have at least two evidences, that can prove that the heirs are valid first through the certificate of inheritance. To strengthen the verification of the heirs to the land rights, the heirs must prove by means of evidence as set forth in Article 24 paragraph (1) of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Registration. The second result of the research is the letter of appointment by the Government/Local Government is a valid evidence based on existing legislation, and it becomes the base of the right which is the basis of the land ownership, the analysis of the judge's decision namely the judge decision of Samarinda District Court No. 138 / Pdt.G / 2014 / PN.Smr is incorrect and does not provide legal certainty, it is caused by no reference what is contained in Article 24 paragraph (1) and Article 32 paragraph (2) Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 on Land Registration.

Legal Protection of Go-Jek Driver That Experiences Damages Due To The Fictive Order In Go-Food Menu In Go-Jek Aplication

This research is proposed to answer two questions: Firstly, to find out the cause of fictitious orders experienced by Go-Jek drivers in the Go-food menu in Go-Jek app. Secondly, to know the legal protection of Go-Jek drivers who suffered losses due to a fictitious plane in the Go-food menu on the Go-Jek app. And the research is directed to educate the public the importance of Civil law which governs agreement in the life of society. This study uses socio-legal approach with a number of resource persons. The choice of approach to socio-legal does not mean disregarding doctrinal side support on the grounds that one of the aims of this study sees a set of positive norms in relation to Legal protection of Go-Jek drivers, including legal theory support with a view to verifying the implementation of law in practice (protection and responsible). This study concludes that, Transactions using Go-Jek access has so far caused legal consequences among others who is responsible for the losses experienced by drivers, whether the Go-Jek party is responsible for the losses experienced drivers, including what kind of legal protection obtained by the driver when suffering application losses by irresponsible consumers. The factors of the emergence of fictitious orders are the existence of competitions between the Go-Jek driver, Go-Jek verification system is still weak, and the existence of bad faith in someone. Partnership agreement between PT. Go-Jek and Go-Jek’s driver is a standard clause that created and provided without involving the Go-Jek drivers in which there is a clause of transfer of responsibility because of PT. Go-Jek as the Go-Jek application service manager will not be responsible if there is a loss caused by the use of Go-Jek application. The legal relations and responsibilities of the parties should be clearly stipulated in the partnership agreement between PT. Go-Jek Indonesia, and Partners are created based on mutual agreement and agreement between both parties. To minimize the losses experienced by Go-Jek drivers in service delivery for every use of consumer spending service must have a Go-Pay account, which expenditures can not be executed if the balance in the Go-Pay account is insufficient to make an expense transaction.

Prinsip Kepatutan Pembiayaan dengan Jaminan Fidusia

Asas kepatutan dalam sebuah perjanjian memengang peran penting dan menjadi salah satu syarat sahnya perjanjian. Dalam pelaksanaannya, mewajibkan para pihak mengindahkan kepatutan dan kepantasan sehingga menciptakan rasa keadilan dalam masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris (empirical research). Penelitian ini akan dilakukan di Kantor Notaris/PPAT di Kota Makassar dan Pembiayaan Konsumen di Kota Makassar. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Notaris/PPAT di Kota Makassar, Pembiayaan Konsumen, dan para pihak dalam Perjanjian. Penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan teknis purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kuasa dari konsumen sebagai debitor kepada perusahaan pembiayaan sebagai kreditor merupakan inisiatif dari satu pihak saja yakni kreditor. Hal ini jelas tidak memenuhi asas kepatutan dalam Pasal 1339 KUHPerdata, karena dalam pelaksanaannya konsumen sama sekali tidak mengerti bahkan tidak mengetahui apa yang menjadi isi dari Akta Jaminan Fidusiayang telah mengikat dirinya sebagai pemberi fidusia. Untuk memenuhi asas kepatutan, sebaiknya pengunaan Surat Kuasa untuk Kuasa yang digunakan untuk pemberian jaminan fidusia haruslah ditiadakan.

Burden of Proof Reversal in Criminal Acts of Money Laundering

This study aims to analyze the burden of proof reversal system in handling cases of money laundering. This type of research is normative juridical legal research. The results of this study indicate that in the reversal system of the burden of proof of criminal acts of money laundering, each party has a burden of proof, the public prosecutor is burdened to prove that these assets are the property of the defendant and has a relationship with the original criminal act charged, while the defendant burdened to prove the origin of the assets claimed and if the defendant is unable to prove the origin of the assets, the assets can be strongly suspected to originate from criminal offenses. There are still obstacles in law enforcement both from the substance of the law (norms), legal structure (law enforcement agencies) and the culture of law (the culture of community law).

Corporate Prosecution in Criminal Acts of Corruption: Opportunity and Challenge

The corporation as an entity or legal subject whose existence contributes greatly in promoting economic growth and national development. However in reality, it is often for corporations to commit various criminal acts (corporate crime) that have a detrimental impact on the state and people. This research is normative legal research. Legal research which places the law as a normative system. The research approach uses a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results showed that the enactment of the Supreme Court Regulation No. 13 Year 2016 was to clarify the guidelines for the Public Prosecutor in prosecuting corporate defendants in corruption criminal acts. The application of sanctions against corporations as perpetrators of corruption is carried out as an effort to recover the losses of the State and the restoration of the state’s economy is an appropriate step considering the essence of criminal punishment in eradicating criminal acts of corruption aimed at recovering state losses or the state’s economy.