scholarly journals Validation of a Multiplexed Opsonophagocytic Assay for 11 Additional Pneumococcal Serotypes and Its Application to Functional Antibody Evaluation Induced by Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (51) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihei Cha ◽  
Han Wool Kim ◽  
Ji Hyen Lee ◽  
Soyoung Lee ◽  
Kyung-Hyo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotypes

scholarly journals In-Hospital Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination Is Associated With Detection of Pneumococcal Vaccine Serotypes in Adults Hospitalized for Community-Acquired Pneumonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos G. Grijalva ◽  
Richard G. Wunderink ◽  
Yuwei Zhu ◽  
Derek J. Williams ◽  
Robert Balk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotypes ◽  
False Positive Test ◽  
Pneumococcal Antigen ◽  
Urine Specimens

Abstract During an etiology study of adults hospitalized for pneumonia, in which urine specimens were examined for serotype-specific pneumococcal antigen detection, we observed that some patients received 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine before urine collection. Some urine samples became positive for specific vaccine pneumococcal serotypes shortly after vaccination, suggesting false-positive test results.

scholarly journals The effect of tofacitinib on pneumococcal and influenza vaccine responses in rheumatoid arthritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin L Winthrop ◽  
Joel Silverfield ◽  
Arthur Racewicz ◽  
Jeffrey Neal ◽  
Eun Bong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Drug Discontinuation ◽  
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotypes ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Vaccine Responses ◽  
Trivalent Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Primary Endpoints

ObjectiveTo evaluate tofacitinib's effect upon pneumococcal and influenza vaccine immunogenicity.MethodsWe conducted two studies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV-23) and the 2011–2012 trivalent influenza vaccine. In study A, tofacitinib-naive patients were randomised to tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily or placebo, stratified by background methotrexate and vaccinated 4 weeks later. In study B, patients already receiving tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily (with or without methotrexate) were randomised into two groups: those continuing (‘continuous’) or interrupting (‘withdrawn’) tofacitinib for 2 weeks, and then vaccinated 1 week after randomisation. In both studies, titres were measured 35 days after vaccination. Primary endpoints were the proportion of patients achieving a satisfactory response to pneumococcus (twofold or more titre increase against six or more of 12 pneumococcal serotypes) and influenza (fourfold or more titre increase against two or more of three influenza antigens).ResultsIn study A (N=200), fewer tofacitinib patients (45.1%) developed satisfactory pneumococcal responses versus placebo (68.4%), and pneumococcal titres were lower with tofacitinib (particularly with methotrexate). Similar proportions of tofacitinib-treated and placebo-treated patients developed satisfactory influenza responses (56.9% and 62.2%, respectively), although fewer tofacitinib patients (76.5%) developed protective influenza titres (≥1:40 in two or more of three antigens) versus placebo (91.8%). In study B (N=183), similar proportions of continuous and withdrawn patients had satisfactory responses to PPSV-23 (75.0% and 84.6%, respectively) and influenza (66.3% and 63.7%, respectively).ConclusionsAmong patients starting tofacitinib, diminished responsiveness to PPSV-23, but not influenza, was observed, particularly in those taking concomitant methotrexate. Among existing tofacitinib users, temporary drug discontinuation had limited effect upon influenza or PPSV-23 vaccine responses.Trial registration numbersNCT01359150, NCT00413699.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal Peritonitis: Still with Us and Likely to Increase in Importance

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. e23-e27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy C Waisman ◽  
Gregory J Tyrrell ◽  
James D Kellner ◽  
Sipi Garg ◽  
Thomas J Marrie
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotypes ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
All Cause Mortality

BACKGROUND: Pneumococcal peritonitis is uncommon and poorly understood.METHODS: As part of a five-year study (2000 to 2004) of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Alberta, all cases of peritonitis due toStreptococcus pneumoniaewere reviewed and compared with all other cases of IPD.RESULTS: Twenty-three of 1768 (1.3%) IPD patients were found to have peritonitis. Patients with peritonitis were more likely to have cirrhosis, hepatitis C, alcoholism and HIV/AIDS, than the remainder of the patients with IPD. The all-cause mortality did not differ between the two groups. Peritonitis was classified as primary in nine (39%) patients, secondary in 12 (52%) patients, and genitourinary in females, specifically, in two (9%) patients. Pneumococcal serotypes causing peritonitis were under-represented in current vaccines – 17% among peritonitis patients versus 53% for the remainder of IPD patients for the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, and 56% versus 86% for the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.CONCLUSIONS: Peritonitis represents a small subset of patients with IPD, but one that is likely to grow in importance given the increase in the number of patients with hepatitis C and HIV, and the reduced coverage of peritonitis serotypes in currently available vaccines.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Multiplex Flow Cytometric Opsonophagocytic Assays for Determination of Functional Anticapsular Antibodies to Streptococcus pneumoniae

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Martinez ◽  
Elizabeth A. Clutterbuck ◽  
Han Li ◽  
Sandra Romero-Steiner ◽  
George M. Carlone
Keyword(s):  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Sequential Testing ◽  
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotypes ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Flow Method ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Sample Throughput

ABSTRACT The determination of functional antipneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antibodies by sequential testing of pre- and postvaccination serum samples one serotype at a time is sample-intensive and time-consuming and has a relatively low throughput. We tested several opsonophagocytic assay (OPA) formats, including the reference killing method, a monovalent bacterium-based flow method, a trivalent bacterium-based flow method, and a tetravalent bead-based flow method using a panel of sera (4 prevaccination and 16 postvaccination, from healthy adults immunized with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine). The trivalent and tetravalent methods allow simultaneous measurements of opsonic antibodies to multiple pneumococcal serotypes. The trivalent bacterial-flow OPA had significant correlation to the reference OPA method and to a previously published flow cytometric OPA (r values ranged from 0.61 to 0.91, P < 0.05) for serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F. The tetravalent OPA had significant correlation to all OPA method formats tested (r values from 0.68 to 0.92, P < 0.05) for all seven serotypes tested. This tetravalent OPA is an alternative to other OPA methods for use during vaccine evaluation and clinical trials. Further, the flow cytometric multiplex OPA format has the potential for expansion beyond the current four serotypes to eight or more serotypes, which would further increase relative sample throughput while reducing reagent and sample volumes used.

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