scholarly journals Long non-coding RNAs in liver diseases: Focusing on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol-related liver disease, and cholestatic liver disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-714
Author(s):  
Sen Han ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Praveen Kusumanchi ◽  
Nazmul Huda ◽  
Yanchao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cholestatic Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Related Liver Disease

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of transcribed RNA molecules with the lengths exceeding 200 nucleotides, are not translated into protein. They can modulate protein-coding genes by controlling transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes. The dysregulation of lncRNAs has been related to various pathological disorders. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of lncRNAs and their implications in the pathogenesis of three common liver diseases: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol-related liver disease, and cholestatic liver disease. Future studies to further define the role of lncRNAs and their mechanisms in various types of liver diseases should be explored. An improved understanding from these studies will provide us a useful perspective leading to mechanism-based intervention by targeting specific lncRNAs for the treatment of liver diseases.

Cardiovascular Risk in Children with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bobrus- Chociej ◽  
Natalia Wasilewska ◽  
Marta Flisiak- Jackiewicz ◽  
Dariusz Lebensztejn
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Multisystem Disorder ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a main cause of chronic liver disease in children. With the global obesity epidemic, the prevalence of NAFLD is increasing both in industrialized and developing countries. NAFLD is a multisystem disorder and a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Growing scientific evidence suggests that NAFLD is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This paper briefly describes the current knowledge concerning the association between NAFLD and cardiac dysfunction in children.

scholarly journals Hyperferritinemia in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaelle K Barros ◽  
Helma Pinchemel Cotrim ◽  
Carla H Daltro ◽  
Yanaihara A Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Summary Objective: In liver diseases, hyperferritinemia (HYF) is related to injured cells in acquired and genetic conditions with or without iron overload. It is frequent in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), in which it is necessary to define the mean of HYF to establish the better approach for them. The present study evaluated the significance of elevated ferritin in patients with NAFLD and steatohepatitis (NASH). Method: The review was performed using search instruments of indexed scientific material, including MEDLINE (by PubMed), Web of Science, IBECS and LILACS, to identify articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, from 2005 to May, 2016. Studies eligible included place and year of publication, diagnose criteria to NAFLD, specifications of serum ferritin measurements and/or liver histopathologic study. Exclusion criteria included studies with patients with alcohol consumption ≥ 20 g/day and other liver diseases. Results: A total of 11 from 30 articles were selected. It included 3,564 patients and they were cross-sectional, retrospective, case series and case-control. The result's analyses showed in 10 of these studies a relationship between ferritin elevated serum levels and NAFLD/NASH with and without fibrosis and insulin resistance. Conclusion: Hyperferritinemia in patients with NAFLD/NASH is associated more frequently with hepatocellular injury than hemochromatosis. These data suggest the relevance to evaluate carefully HYF in patients with NAFLD/NASH to establish appropriate clinical approach.

scholarly journals The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the Development and Progression of Fibrosis Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Hanson ◽  
Danielle Wilhelmsen ◽  
Johanna DiStefano
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Noninvasive Methods ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of conditions ranging from hepatic steatosis to inflammation (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or NASH) with or without fibrosis, in the absence of significant alcohol consumption. The presence of fibrosis in NASH patients is associated with greater liver-related morbidity and mortality; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of fibrosis and cirrhosis in NAFLD patients remain poorly understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key contributors to biological processes that are underpinning the initiation and progression of NAFLD fibrosis. This review summarizes the experimental findings that have been obtained to date in animal models of liver fibrosis and NAFLD patients with fibrosis. We also discuss the potential applicability of circulating lncRNAs to serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of NAFLD fibrosis. A better understanding of the role played by lncRNAs in NAFLD fibrosis is critical for the identification of novel therapeutic targets for drug development and improved, noninvasive methods for disease diagnosis.

scholarly journals Metabolic Fatty Liver Disease in Children: A Growing Public Health Problem

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1915
Author(s):  
Sébastien Le Garf ◽  
Véronique Nègre ◽  
Rodolphe Anty ◽  
Philippe Gual
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), previously called nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), is one of the most important causes of chronic liver disease worldwide and will likely become the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the decades ahead. MAFLD covers a continuum of liver diseases from fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer. Importantly, the growing incidence of overweight and obesity in childhood, 4% in 1975 to 18% in 2016, with persisting obesity complications into adulthood, is likely to be harmful by increasing the incidence of severe MAFLD at an earlier age. Currently, MAFLD is the leading form of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents, with a global prevalence of 3 to 10%, pointing out that early diagnosis is therefore crucial. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge concerning the epidemiology, risk factors and potential pathogenic mechanisms, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, of pediatric MAFLD.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease versus Alcohol-related Liver Disease: Is it Really so Different?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1093-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Craciun ◽  
Caroline Lackner ◽  
Helena Cortez-Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Related Liver Disease

: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-related liver disease together, compose the majority of cases of liver disease and cirrhosis worldwide. Although in the last years, there has been much interest in the differentiation between the two entities, it is increasingly recognized that a large overlap exists between them. The main pathophysiological aspects are very similar, with the exceptions of mechanisms directly related to alcohol, acting as an added factor in the presence of metabolic risk factors. Genetic factors so far identified are also very similar. In both cases, the disease is more prevalent in males, the difference being more significant in the ALD group, having to do with harmful alcohol consumption, which is more frequent in males. NAFLD advanced stages usually present in older age than ALD. : Regarding laboratory features, the ratio AST/ALT < 1 is more frequent in NAFLD than ALD, in the absence of cirrhosis. Histological aspects of both situations are very similar, but some are specific for ALD, such as alcoholic foamy degeneration or cholestasis, or fibroobliterative venous lesions. Regarding treatment, several drugs now included in clinical trials in NAFLD, could also be assayed in ALD, since similar mechanisms of action, are potentially acting in ALD. In summary, similarities seem to outnumber differences, and since so large overlap between risk factors exist, the use of a common designation such as Fatty Liver Disease (FLD) or Metabolic Fatty Liver disease (MEFLD), could better serve the field.

The Human Gut Microbiome in Liver Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 128-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Davis ◽  
Jasmohan Bajaj
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

AbstractRecent advances in culture-independent laboratory techniques and bioinformatics have contributed to enriched characterizations of the gut microbiota and microbiome in chronic liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and cirrhosis. In this review, the authors focus on studies characterizing and modulating the gut microbiota and microbiome in humans. The majority of studies that characterized microbiota involved a small number of patients using 16S ribosomal RNA genetic sequencing. Few studies applied whole-genome shotgun sequencing and metagenomics analyses. The majority of clinical trials on modulating the microbiome have focused on probiotics or antibiotics in small groups of patients with cirrhosis versus healthy controls. Several trials are underway using fecal microbial transplantation in alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and cirrhosis. Future research is needed on understanding the viral and fungal microbiome and developing user-friendly microbiome tools.

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