In an oligotrophic bay, Mitsu Bay, Japan, artificial timber reefs (ATRs) are deployed to increase fish production. In such man-made ecosystems, the biological activities of other organisms as well as the physical structures of ATRs could influence nutrient cycling. A pelagic–benthic coupling model expressing both phosphorus and nitrogen cycling was developed to investigate seasonal variation in the associated nutrients and their annual budget in the ATR areas and the entire bay system. The model consists of equations representing all the relevant physical and biological processes. The model reproduced the observed seasonal variations in dissolved inorganic P, ammonium, and nitrate concentrations that were low in spring and summer and high in autumn and winter. The internal regeneration rates of the nutrients were two times higher in the ATRs than in the bay area, so that fish production was predicted to be higher in the ATRs than in the bay area. Considering the inflows from the land and precipitation are quite low, nutrient regeneration is an important source of nutrients for the water in Mitsu Bay. ATR deployment could be an important local nutrient source in an oligotrophic bay, and could increase fish production.
Ratios of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in Pseudomonas fluorescens as a model for bacterial element ratios and nutrient regeneration
