Ecotoxicological assessment of the impact of pavement material on roadside soil pollution

The ecological safety of the use of nepheline sludge in the construction of the lower foundations of pavements is shown. Using electron microscopy and chemical analysis, the area of influence of nepheline sludge used in the construction of road pavements on the roadside soil, which is limited by a distance of 10 m, was determined. Studies have been carried out on ecotoxicity using monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants and soil infusories of the genus Colpoda steinii. results, which confirmed the possibility of using nepheline sludge as a component of pavement in the form of nepheline-crushed stone mixture. Keywords: NEPHELINE SLAM, PAVEMENT MATERIAL, ECOLOGY, TOXICITY, ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY

Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of 2-phenoxy derivatives of pyridine

The aim of the present work is to synthesize phenoxypyridine derivatives and to screen substances with a high level of biological activity within the series of synthesized compounds, which is essential for solving the problem of overcoming the growing drug resistance of bacteria and protozoa. The interaction of 2-chloro-5-nitro- and 2-chloro-3-nitro-pyridine with aromatic aldehydes containing phenolic hydroxyl gave 15 pyridine series aryl ethers in high yields when reacted in dimethylformamide (DMFA) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the presence of bases. In the reaction we used phenolic derivative of kojic acid (compound 1 of Table 1), a number of benzene series aldehydes with different substituents: 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (compound 2 of Table 1), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (compound 3 of Table 1), 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (compound 5 of Table 1), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (compound 7 of Table 1 ), salicylic aldehyde (compound 11 of Table 1), 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (compound 12 of Table 1), vanillin (compound 13 of Table 1), and compound 15 (Table 1) of the benzene series with two hydroxyl and aldehyde groups. As well as benzene-type aldehydes, the methyl ester of salicylic acid (compound 4 of Table 1), 4-hydroxymethylphenol (compound 6 of Table 1), 4-acetylphenol (compound 8 of Table 1), and 3-hydroxy benzoic acid (compound 14 of Table 1) were used. In the reaction, in addition to the above compounds, 7-hydroxycoumarin (compound 9 of Table 1) and semicarbazide-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (compound 10 of Table 1) were also used. Their purification was performed by recrystallization from organic solvents (ethyl acetate, benzene, ethanol, and isopropanol). The obtained compounds were studied as part of the institute's search for compounds to expand the range of active substances with protistoсid and antibacterial activity with low toxicity. Synthesized compounds have pronounced antiprotozoal activity against Colpoda steinii. the most active compound contains a nitro group in the 3rd position of the pyridine ring as well as an aldehyde and hydroxyl group in the benzene ring. The minimum protistocidal concentration of this compound is 0.9 µg/ml, which is 60 fold more active than toltrazuril and 8 fold more active than chloroquine. This compound is recommended for extended toxicological and pharmacological studies.

BIOTESTING IN ASSESSING THE SAFETY OF GRAIN PRODUCTS

The article discusses the issue of assessing the safety of food products that are traditional for the Ukrainian consumer (bakery products and wheat flakes). The relevance of the work is due to the fact that safety is an important indicator of consumer properties that all food products should have. The biological methods are widely used, including biosensor technologies and biotestingto assess the safety of food products. Biotesting is one of the research methods used to determine the degree of influence of chemicals potentially hazardous to living organisms by registering changes in biologically significant indicators (test functions) of research test objects with subsequent assessment of their condition in accordance with the selected toxicity criterion. The work assessesthe organoleptic indicators of the test samples. As a result, it was established that the samples fully comply with the requirements of the regulatory documentation, except for sample № 7 in which dampness and an off-taste are felt; this may indicate non-compliance with the storage or sale conditions. The safety of bakery products and wheat flakes was assessed using the Colpoda Steinii ciliate test object. It was established that the test samples did not contain toxic substances, and in the sample № 7 – wheat flakes purchased by weight on the market, the death of most of the Colpoda Steinii occurred within 10 minutes. This indicates its insignificant toxicity and the inadmissibility of further sale of such a product to the population. The second method was used to test the lethality of Daphnia Magna Straus (Crustacea).The results showed that in samples № 1 – 6 the number of dead Daphnia corresponds to the "non-toxic" indicator, but in sample No. 7 the number of dead Daphnia was 25%, which indicates the toxicity of this product. The third method was carried out according to the method based on the non-destructive biocrystallization method. It was established that samples 1 and 2 are characterized by the most symmetric biocrystallogram, which indicates their higher degree of organicity, which, in our opinion, is determined by a smaller share of external negative impact on the product and high-quality raw materials that were used in the production of these samples.

КОНТРОЛЬ ЛІПОФІЛЬНИХ ТОКСИКАНТІВ У МОЛОЦІ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ МІКРОБІОЛОГІЧНОГО ЕКСПРЕС–МЕТОДУ

In recent years, Ukraine is constantly increasing livestock production. But at the same time, in many modern industries, veterinary and sanitary control of food is on insufficient or non–existent. In this connection the trading network can get dangerous foods for consumers.Today in the world there are numerous number of methods of analysis of food safety (spectrometry, photometry, chromatography, etc.). But in our country, a network of specialized laboratories which would be able to provide high–quality and objective analysis of the food is still very limited.It is also important to remember that the current chemical–analytical methods unfortunately unable to answer the general reaction of the organism to influence the recipient of the object, which is associated with several factors: the test object may contain toxicants with content during the study not predicted poorly understood substances, and importantly, is not considered character combined action of toxicants. That despite these shortcomings and remains an important method of determining the toxicity bioassay.The aim of our research was to establish the feasibility and effectiveness of the rapid microbiological method using ciliates Colpoda steinii to determine the toxicity of skimmed milk.Toxicity studies were carried out in parallel by three methods: bioassay in laboratory animals (white mice) and microbiological using as a test organism ciliates Tetrachimena piriformis and Colpoda steinii.The proposed method of using as a test organism ciliates Colpoda steinii, including the preparation of test culture ciliates Colpoda steinii, sampling investigational product, extracting samples of chemically pure acetone, filtering selected extract dilution leachate solution rod–Lozinski, introducing the filtrate into a test culture ciliates, temperature control resulting mixture at a temperature of +26 ... + 28 °C and determine the toxicity of the investigational product, observing the vital functions of ciliates during incubation.The research found that data on the toxicity of skimmed milk a certain prescribed manner identical data obtained using classical methods.Established that the strong toxicity of skimmed milk in the application of research results ciliates C. steinii get already at 3min. And weak toxicity or netoksychnosti – 1 hour.

Синтез, антимикробная и протистоцидная активность 1-(2-арилоксиэтил- и 2-галогенбензил)-3-(2-гидроксиэтил)-2-имино-1,3-дигидробензимидазолинов

По реакции 1-(2-арилоксиэтил- и 2-галогенбензил)-2-аминобензимидазолов с этиленхлоргидрином синтезированы гидрохлориды новых 1-(2-арилоксиэтил- и 2-галогенбензил)-3-(2-гидроксиэтил)-2-имино-1,3-дигидробензимидазолинов. Показано, что эти соединения обладают как бактерицидной активностью в отношении некоторых патогенных грамположительных и грамотрицательных бактерий (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli), так и выраженным протистоцидным действием на простейшие вида Colpoda steinii.

Синтез, антимикробная и протистоцидная активность гидрохлоридов 3-арилоксиэтил(бензил)-1- карбомоилметил-2-иминобензимидазолинов

Алкилированием 2-аминобензимидазола метилиодидом, а также бензил- или 2-арилоксиэтилбромидами получены 1-замещенные 2-аминобензимидазолы, которые при кватернизации хлорацетамидом образуют не описанные ранее гидрохлориды 3-арилоксиэтил(бензил)-1-карбомоилметил-2-иминобензимидазолинов. Показано, что эти соединения обладают антибактериальной активностью в отношении некоторых патогенных грамположительных и грамотрицательных микробов (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli), сочетающейся с выраженным на уровне клинически используемых препаратов сравнения протистоцидным действием на простейшие виды Colpoda steinii.

Визначення безпечності м’яса птиці, хворої на еймеріоз

Дається оцінка безпеки м’яса курей, хворих наеймеріоз. Наведено дані щодо визначення токсич-ності м’яса птиці експрес-методом за допомогоюінфузорій Colpoda steinii. Крім того обґрунтову-ється ветеринарно-санітарна оцінка м’яса хвороїна еймеріоз птиці, яка полягає в тому, що м’ясо,отримане від хворої птиці з ознаками виснаження,є токсичним, і його треба направляти на технічнуутилізацію. Якщо м’ясо отримане від хвороїптиці, але тушка не має ознак виснаження, мож-на випускати у реалізацію після інактивації мето-дом проварювання упродовж трьох годин у від-критих котлах. The estimation of safety of meat chickens suffering from eymerioz. The data to determine the toxicityof poultry rapid method using ciliates Colpoda steinii. Furthermore justified veterinary-sanitaryevaluation of meat patient with eymerioz bird that is the meat derived from poultry patient with signs ofexhaustion, is toxic and should be sent to the technical utilization. If meat obtained from patients poultrycarcass but no signs of exhaustion, can produce the realization after inactivation by boiling thoroughlywithin three hours of outdoor boilers.