scholarly journals Vertical stability as a controlling factor of the marine phytoplankton production at the Prince Edward Archipelago (Southern Ocean)

1990 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Perissinotto ◽  
CM Duncombe Rae ◽  
BP Boden ◽  
BR Allanson
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Controlling Factor ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Vertical Stability

Antarctic marine primary production, biogeochemical carbon cycles and climatic change

1992 ◽  
Vol 338 (1285) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Model Predictions

In the Southern Ocean, inorganic macronutrients are very rarely depleted by phytoplankton growth. This has led to speculation on possible additional CO 2 drawdown in this region. However, the effects of climate change can only be predicted once the role of environmental and biotic factors limiting phytoplankton carbon fixation are understood. It is clear that the Southern Ocean is heterogeneous, and no single factor controls prim ary production overall. Ice cover and vertical mixing influence algal growth rates by m odulating radiance flux. Micronutrients, especially iron, may limit growth in some areas. Primary production is also suppressed by high removal rates of algal biomass. Grazing by zooplankton is the major factor determining magnitude and quality of vertical particle flux. Several of the physical controls on phytoplankton production are sensitive to climate change. Although it is impossible to make numerical predictions of future change on the basis of our present knowledge, qualitative assessments can be put forward on the basis of model predictions of climate change and known factors controlling prim ary production. Changes in water temperature and in windinduced mixing are likely to be slight and have little effect. Model predictions of changes in sea-ice cover vary widely, making prediction of biogeochemical effects impossible. Even if climatic change induces increased nutrient uptake, there are several reasons to suspect that carbon sequestration will be ineffective in comparison with continuing anthropogenic CO 2 emission.

scholarly journals Impact of sea ice on the marine iron cycle and phytoplankton productivity

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4713-4731 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wang ◽  
D. Bailey ◽  
K. Lindsay ◽  
J. K. Moore ◽  
M. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Iron Cycle ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
Antarctic Sea Ice ◽  
Iron Concentrations

Abstract. Iron is a key nutrient for phytoplankton growth in the surface ocean. At high latitudes, the iron cycle is closely related to the dynamics of sea ice. In recent decades, Arctic sea ice cover has been declining rapidly and Antarctic sea ice has exhibited large regional trends. A significant reduction of sea ice in both hemispheres is projected in future climate scenarios. In order to adequately study the effect of sea ice on the polar iron cycle, sea ice bearing iron was incorporated in the Community Earth System Model (CESM). Sea ice acts as a reservoir for iron during winter and releases the trace metal to the surface ocean in spring and summer. Simulated iron concentrations in sea ice generally agree with observations in regions where iron concentrations are relatively low. The maximum iron concentrations simulated in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice are much lower than observed, which is likely due to underestimation of iron inputs to sea ice or missing mechanisms. The largest iron source to sea ice is suspended sediments, contributing fluxes of iron of 2.2 × 108 mol Fe month−1 in the Arctic and 4.1 × 106 mol Fe month−1 in the Southern Ocean during summer. As a result of the iron flux from ice, iron concentrations increase significantly in the Arctic. Iron released from melting ice increases phytoplankton production in spring and summer and shifts phytoplankton community composition in the Southern Ocean. Results for the period of 1998 to 2007 indicate that a reduction of sea ice in the Southern Ocean will have a negative influence on phytoplankton production. Iron transport by sea ice appears to be an important process bringing iron to the central Arctic. The impact of ice to ocean iron fluxes on marine ecosystems is negligible in the current Arctic Ocean, as iron is not typically the growth-limiting nutrient. However, it may become a more important factor in the future, particularly in the central Arctic, as iron concentrations will decrease with declining sea ice cover and transport.

scholarly journals Abrupt declines in marine phytoplankton production driven by warming and biodiversity loss in a microcosm experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvire Bestion ◽  
Samuel Barton ◽  
Francisca C. García ◽  
Ruth Warfield ◽  
Gabriel Yvon‐Durocher
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Microcosm Experiment

scholarly journals Nutrient experiment using Phaeodactylum tricornutum as an assay organism

1976 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Teixeira ◽  
A. A. H. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Carbon 14

The growth of Phaeodactylum tricornutum, cultured at 7,000 lux and 25º C, in twelve-day experiments using enriched water collected at the surface and 50.0 m depth from coastal waters offshore of Ubatuba area, was carried out. Different water enrichements were made by the aseptic addition of several nutrients, at each depth, according to Smayda (1964). The nitrogen out measured in terms of Carbon-14 assimilation and cloropyll concentration, was found to be a primary limiting factor for marine phytoplankton production.

scholarly journals Impacts of sea ice on the marine iron cycle and phytoplankton productivity

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 2383-2418 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wang ◽  
D. Bailey ◽  
K. Lindsay ◽  
K. Moore ◽  
M. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Iron Cycle ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
Antarctic Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Iron Concentrations

Abstract. Iron is a key nutrient for phytoplankton growth in the surface ocean. At high latitudes, the iron cycle is closely related to sea ice. In recent decades, Arctic sea ice cover has been declining rapidly and Antarctic sea ice has exhibited large regional trends. A significant reduction of sea ice in both hemispheres is projected in future climate scenarios. To study impacts of sea ice on the iron cycle, iron sequestration in ice is incorporated to the Biogeochemical Elemental Cycling (BEC) model. Sea ice acts as a reservoir of iron during winter and releases iron to the surface ocean in spring and summer. Simulated iron concentrations in sea ice generally agree with observations, in regions where iron concentrations are lower. The maximum iron concentrations simulated in the Arctic sea ice and the Antarctic sea ice are 192 nM and 134 nM, respectively. These values are much lower than observed, which is likely due to missing biological processes in sea ice. The largest iron source to sea ice is suspended sediments, contributing fluxes of iron of 2.2 × 108 mol Fe month−1 to the Arctic and 4.1 × 106 mol Fe month−1 to the Southern Ocean during summer. As a result of the iron flux from ice, iron concentrations increase significantly in the Arctic. Iron released from melting ice increases phytoplankton production in spring and summer and shifts phytoplankton community composition in the Southern Ocean. Simulation results for the period of 1998 to 2007 indicate that a reduction of sea ice in the Southern Ocean will have a negative influence on phytoplankton production. Iron transport by sea ice appears to be an important process bringing iron to the central Arctic. Impacts of iron fluxes from ice to ocean on marine ecosystems are negligible in the current Arctic Ocean, as iron is not typically the growth-limiting nutrient. However, it may become a more important factor in the future, particularly in the central Arctic, as iron concentrations will decrease with declining sea ice cover and transport.

Collection and analysis of a global marine phytoplankton primary production dataset

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Mattei ◽  
Michele Scardi
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Phytoplankton Primary Production ◽  
Heterogeneous Information ◽  
Marine Food Webs ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Earth’S Climate

Phytoplankton primary production is a key oceanographic process. It has intimate relationships with the marine food webs dynamics, the global carbon cycle and the Earth’s climate. The study of phytoplankton production on a global scale relies on indirect approaches due to the difficulties associated with field campaigns. On the other hand, modelling approaches require in situ data for both calibration and validation. In fact, the need for more phytoplankton primary production data was highlighted several times during the last decades.Most of the available primary production datasets are scattered in various repositories, reporting heterogeneous information and missing records. For these reasons we decided to retrieve field measurements of marine phytoplankton primary production from several sources and create a homogeneous and ready to use dataset. We handled missing data and added several variables related to primary production which were not present in the original datasets. Subsequently, we carried out a general analysis of the dataset in which we highlighted the relationships between the variables from a numerical and an ecological perspective.Data paucity is one of the main issues hindering the comprehension of complex natural processes.In this framework, we believe that an updated and improved global dataset, complemented by an analysis of its characteristics, can be of interest to anyone studying marine phytoplankton production and the processes related to it.

scholarly journals Reduced marine phytoplankton sulphur emissions in the Southern Ocean during the past seven glacials

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Goto-Azuma ◽  
M. Hirabayashi ◽  
H. Motoyama ◽  
T. Miyake ◽  
T. Kuramoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sulphur Emissions

High local nutrient input influence on oligotrophic phytoplankton production and lipid biogeochemistry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tihana Novak ◽  
Blaženka Gašparović ◽  
Ivna Vrana Špoljarić ◽  
Milan Čanković
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Nutrient Input ◽  
Organic Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production

<p>Marine phytoplankton are crucial for ecosystem function and responsible for almost half of world’s primary production. In order to grow and reproduce phytoplankton need sufficient amount of macro and micro nutrients. Nutrient concentrations are changeable in different water mases and dependable on different natural and anthropogenic sources such as terrestrial water inputs, recycling by sloppy feeding, remineralization with bacteria and atmospheric deposition. High nutrient input to oligotrophic regions raises phytoplankton biomass that leads to higher organic matter production and heterotrophs` development.  Anthropogenic nutrient inputs are considered as the main cause of coastal eutrophication. Marine lipids, dominantly produced by phytoplankton, are good biogeochemical traces of organic matter origin and processing in marine environment and phytoplankton adaptation to environmental perturbations. They are important for multiple cell mechanisms functioning.</p><p>The goal of this research was to investigate the influence of a point source of nutrients on organic matter production and lipid composition as a consequence of phytoplankton acclimation to different nutrient loads. We sampled at two geographically close stations in the Krka River Estuary mouth, oligo- to mesotrophic Martinska station and station in vicinity of the town of Šibenik that is under high anthropogenic influence. Samples were taken from three depths (above, on and below halocline) and in four different seasons covering annual cycle. Lipid classes were characterized by thin–layer chromatography–flame ionization detection. Data are supported by hydrographic, dissolved organic carbon and particulate organic carbon parameters. We will discuss the changes of organic matter accumulation and estuarine lipid biogeochemistry caused by human activity.</p><p> </p><p>Acknowledgement</p><p>This research was financed by the Croatian Science Foundation project BiREADI (IP-2018-01-3105).</p>

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