Population structure of the squid Doryteuthis (Loligo) pealeii on the eastern coast of the USA: Reply to Gerlach et al. (2012)

Abstract Background The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) is an important worldwide invasive species and can be a locally important vector of chikungunya, dengue and, potentially, Zika. This species is native to Southeast Asia where populations thrive in both temperate and tropical climates. A better understanding of the population structure of Ae. albopictus in Lao PDR is very important in order to support the implementation of strategies for diseases prevention and vector control. In the present study, we investigated the genetic variability of Ae. albopictus across a north-south transect in Lao PDR. Methods We used variability in a 1337-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1), to assess the population structure of Ae. albopictus in Lao PDR. For context, we also examined variability at the same genetic locus in samples of Ae. albopictus from Thailand, China, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, Italy and the USA. Results We observed very high levels of genetic polymorphism with 46 novel haplotypes in Ae. albopictus from 9 localities in Lao PDR and Thailand populations. Significant differences were observed between the Luangnamtha population and other locations in Lao PDR. However, we found no evidence of isolation by distance. There was overall little genetic structure indicating ongoing and frequent gene flow among populations or a recent population expansion. Indeed, the neutrality test supported population expansion in Laotian Ae. albopictus and mismatch distribution analyses showed a lack of low frequency alleles, a pattern often seen in bottlenecked populations. When samples from Lao PDR were analyzed together with samples from Thailand, China, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, Italy and the USA, phylogenetic network and Bayesian cluster analysis showed that most populations from tropical/subtropical regions are more genetically related to each other, than populations from temperate regions. Similarly, most populations from temperate regions are more genetically related to each other, than those from tropical/subtropical regions. Conclusions Aedes albopictus in Lao PDR are genetically related to populations from tropical/subtropical regions (i.e. Thailand, Singapore, and California and Texas in the USA). The extensive gene flow among locations in Lao PDR indicates that local control is undermined by repeated introductions from untreated sites.

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Phytoplankton distribution along the eastern coast of the USA. Part VI. Shelf waters between Cape Henry and Cape May

Journal of Plankton Research ◽

10.1093/plankt/9.1.139 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 139-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Harold G. Marshall ◽

Myra S. Cohn

Keyword(s):

Eastern Coast ◽

Phytoplankton Distribution ◽

The Usa

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Size-structured patterns of piscivory of the longfin inshore squid (Loligo pealeii) in the mid-Atlantic continental shelf ecosystem

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f05-258 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 754-765 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Mary E Hunsicker ◽

Timothy E Essington

Keyword(s):

Continental Shelf ◽

Time Period ◽

Size Constraints ◽

Body Sizes ◽

The Usa ◽

Juvenile Stages ◽

Commercially Important ◽

Shelf Region ◽

Loligo Pealeii

The longfin inshore squid (Loligo pealeii) dominates the landings in the USA mid-Atlantic continental shelf region, yet the potential ecological effects of harvesting this species are not known. Because squid feed on a wide variety of prey items, including juvenile stages of commercially important fish species, a full exploration on the predatory role of squid in this ecosystem is warranted. We examined the seasonal diet contents of L. pealeii and evaluated the importance of size constraints in governing patterns of piscivory. Our analyses showed that piscivory was dictated by size constraints, with larger squid demonstrating higher rates of piscivory than small squid. Squid were piscivorous at smaller sizes in the winter and spring than during the summer and autumn. Also, the frequency of piscivory was highest during the winter and spring, coincident with the time period when the number of vulnerable prey species was greatest. Our findings suggest that the frequency and intensity of piscivory are likely to be related to the duration of time that prey are vulnerable to predation, which in turn is dictated by the relative body sizes of L. pealeii and juvenile fishes.

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Strong horizontal and vertical connectivity in the coral Pocillopora verrucosa from Ludao, Taiwan, a small oceanic island

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0258181 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. e0258181

Author(s):

Stéphane de Palmas ◽

Derek Soto ◽

Ming-Jay Ho ◽

Vianney Denis ◽

Chaolun Allen Chen

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Larval Dispersal ◽

Oceanic Island ◽

Genetic Connectivity ◽

Eastern Coast ◽

Genetic Clustering ◽

The Right ◽

Depth Ranges ◽

Pocillopora Verrucosa ◽

F Statistics

Mesophotic habitats could be sheltered from natural and anthropogenic disturbances and act as reproductive refuges, providing propagules to replenish shallower populations. Molecular markers can be used as proxies evaluating the connectivity and inferring population structure and larval dispersal. This study characterizes population structure as well as horizontal and vertical genetic connectivity of the broadcasting coral Pocillopora verrucosa from Ludao, a small oceanic island off the eastern coast of Taiwan. We genotyped 75 P. verrucosa specimens from three sites (Gongguan, Dabaisha, and Guiwan) at three depth ranges (Shallow: 7–15 m, Mid-depth: 23–30 m, and Deep: 38–45 m), spanning shallow to upper mesophotic coral reefs, with eight microsatellite markers. F-statistics showed a moderate differentiation (FST = 0.106, p<0.05) between two adjacent locations (Dabaisha 23–30 and Dabaisha 38–45 m), but no differentiation elsewhere, suggesting high levels of connectivity among sites and depths. STRUCTURE analysis showed no genetic clustering among sites or depths, indicating that all Pocillopora individuals could be drawn from a single panmictic population. Simulations of recent migration assigned 30 individuals (40%) to a different location from where they were collected. Among them, 1/3 were assigned to deeper locations, 1/3 to shallower populations and 1/3 were assigned to the right depth but a different site. These results suggest high levels of vertical and horizontal connectivity, which could enhance the recovery of P. verrucosa following disturbances around Ludao, a feature that agrees with demographic studies portraying this species as an opportunistic scleractinian.

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Season-long infection of diverse hosts by the entomopathogenic fungus Batkoa major

10.1101/2021.12.14.472666 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrii Gryganskyi ◽

Jacob Golan ◽

Ann E. Hajek

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽

Woody Plants ◽

Collection Site ◽

Lycorma Delicatula ◽

The Usa ◽

High Gene ◽

Host Affiliation ◽

Genomic Regions ◽

High Degree

Populations of the entomopathogenic fungus Batkoa major were analyzed using sequences of four genomic regions and evaluated in relation to their genetic diversity, insect hosts and collection site. This entomophthoralean pathogen killed numerous insect species from 23 families and five orders in two remote locations during 2019. The host list of this biotrophic pathogen contains flies, true bugs, butterflies and moths, beetles, and barkflies. Among the infected bugs (Order Hemiptera), the spotted lanternfly ( Lycorma delicatula ) is a new invasive planthopper pest of various woody plants that was introduced to the USA from Eastern Asia. A high degree of clonality occurred in the studied populations and high gene flow was revealed using four molecular loci for the analysis of population structure. We did not detect any segregation in the population regarding host affiliation (by family or order), or collection site. This is the first description of population structure of a biotrophic fungus-generalist in the entomopathogenic Order Entomophthorales. This analysis aimed to better understand the potential populations of entomopathogen-generalists infecting emerging invasive hosts in new ecosystems.

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Twenty-First-Century Hyper-power, China or USA: Is Demography the Determinant?

Jadavpur Journal of International Relations ◽

10.1177/09735984211035180 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097359842110351

Author(s):

Narottam Gaan

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Terrorist Attack ◽

Power Structure ◽

Aging Population ◽

Global Politics ◽

The Usa ◽

Trade Center ◽

The Cold War ◽

Zero Sum ◽

Traditional Paradigm

In the aftermath glow of the end of the Cold War was seen faintly the swaggering footsteps of a triumphant USA ready to architect a new world attic with the mortars and bricks of its own politico-economic ideology. But the engendered vibe and euphoria bedecking America proved to be ephemeral with its dismal economic straits, failure of overseas military adventurism, terrorist attack on its trade center and loosening grip over global events, rise of other powers, and unwillingness of the world to kowtow to American lines. China, in contrast, showed ascendancy in economic growth, rising productive forces, military modernization, and ambitious global designs, giving rise to the neorealist zero-sum understanding that eclipsing USA has lent to the ascent of China in the global scene. But this kind of analysis is mostly founded on traditional paradigm of politico-military and economic power. What is primarily ignored or marginalized in the analysis of power structure in global politics is the demography, that is, aging population structure. The present article focuses on aging population structure of the USA, China and other great powers and tries to challenge this traditionally ingrained understanding of power structure and holds on to the view that if the current population structure is any indication, America will rule the roost in global politics.

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Molecular population structure of the marine benthic copepod Microarthridion littorale along the southeastern and Gulf coasts of the USA

Marine Biology ◽

10.1007/s002270050640 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 135 (3) ◽

pp. 399-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

N. V. Schizas ◽

G. T. Street ◽

B. C. Coull ◽

G. T. Chandler ◽

J. M. Quattro

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Microarthridion Littorale ◽

The Usa

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January-thaw singularity and wave climates along the Eastern coast of the USA

Nature ◽

10.1038/263491a0 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 263 (5577) ◽

pp. 491-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

BRUCE P. HAYDEN

Keyword(s):

Eastern Coast ◽

The Usa

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Genetic diversity and population structure of advanced clones selected over forty years by a potato breeding program in the USA

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87284-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jeewan Pandey ◽

Douglas C. Scheuring ◽

Jeffrey W. Koym ◽

Joseph Coombs ◽

Richard G. Novy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Skin Color ◽

Potato Breeding ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Snp Markers ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Potato Breeding Program ◽

The Usa

AbstractKnowledge regarding genetic diversity and population structure of breeding materials is essential for crop improvement. The Texas A&M University Potato Breeding Program has a collection of advanced clones selected and maintained in-vitro over a 40-year period. Little is known about its genetic makeup and usefulness for the current breeding program. In this study, 214 potato clones were genotyped with the Infinium Illumina 22 K V3 Potato Array. After filtering, a total of 10,106 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers were used for analysis. Heterozygosity varied by SNP, with an overall average of 0.59. Three groups of tetraploid clones primarily based on potato market classes, were detected using STRUCTURE software and confirmed by discriminant analysis of principal components. The highest coefficient of differentiation observed between the groups was 0.14. Signatures of selection were uncovered in genes controlling potato flesh and skin color, length of plant cycle and tuberization, and carbohydrate metabolism. A core set of 43 clones was obtained using Core Hunter 3 to develop a sub-collection that retains similar genetic diversity as the whole population, minimize redundancies, and facilitates long-term conservation of genetic resources. The comprehensive molecular characterization of our breeding clone bank collection contributes to understanding the genetic diversity of existing potato resources. This analysis could be applied to other breeding programs and assist in the selection of parents, fingerprinting, protection, and management of the breeding collections.

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