scholarly journals Strong horizontal and vertical connectivity in the coral Pocillopora verrucosa from Ludao, Taiwan, a small oceanic island

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258181
Author(s):  
Stéphane de Palmas ◽  
Derek Soto ◽  
Ming-Jay Ho ◽  
Vianney Denis ◽  
Chaolun Allen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Oceanic Island ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Genetic Clustering ◽  
The Right ◽  
Depth Ranges ◽  
Pocillopora Verrucosa ◽  
F Statistics

Mesophotic habitats could be sheltered from natural and anthropogenic disturbances and act as reproductive refuges, providing propagules to replenish shallower populations. Molecular markers can be used as proxies evaluating the connectivity and inferring population structure and larval dispersal. This study characterizes population structure as well as horizontal and vertical genetic connectivity of the broadcasting coral Pocillopora verrucosa from Ludao, a small oceanic island off the eastern coast of Taiwan. We genotyped 75 P. verrucosa specimens from three sites (Gongguan, Dabaisha, and Guiwan) at three depth ranges (Shallow: 7–15 m, Mid-depth: 23–30 m, and Deep: 38–45 m), spanning shallow to upper mesophotic coral reefs, with eight microsatellite markers. F-statistics showed a moderate differentiation (FST = 0.106, p<0.05) between two adjacent locations (Dabaisha 23–30 and Dabaisha 38–45 m), but no differentiation elsewhere, suggesting high levels of connectivity among sites and depths. STRUCTURE analysis showed no genetic clustering among sites or depths, indicating that all Pocillopora individuals could be drawn from a single panmictic population. Simulations of recent migration assigned 30 individuals (40%) to a different location from where they were collected. Among them, 1/3 were assigned to deeper locations, 1/3 to shallower populations and 1/3 were assigned to the right depth but a different site. These results suggest high levels of vertical and horizontal connectivity, which could enhance the recovery of P. verrucosa following disturbances around Ludao, a feature that agrees with demographic studies portraying this species as an opportunistic scleractinian.

Microsatellite population structure of Newfoundland black bears (Ursus americanus hamiltoni)

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 831-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dawn Marshall ◽  
Edward S. Yaskowiak ◽  
Casidhe Dyke ◽  
Elizabeth A. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Postglacial Colonization ◽  
Correct Assignment ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
F Statistics

We investigated population structure of black bears ( Ursus americanus hamiltoni Cameron, 1957) from insular Newfoundland using the microsatellite profiles of 12 loci from three broadly distributed areas (Northern, Baie Verte, and Bonavista peninsulas). Our goals were to revisit earlier findings of low heterozygosity in Newfoundland and increase knowledge of intraspecific variability in black bears, and make inferences about postglacial colonization and contemporary movements of island black bears. Ninety-three individuals (42 males) were identified among 543 hair samples: 21 from Bonavista, 25 from Northern Peninsula, and 47 from Baie Verte. Genetic diversity is relatively low (HE = 0.42) and decreases from northwest to southeast. Small but significant subpopulation differentiation revealed by F statistics is greatest between Northern and Baie Verte peninsulas; it is lower and comparable in the remaining pairwise comparisons. We hypothesize that postglacial colonization proceeded from the Northern Peninsula southeastward. Bears migrated from the Northern Peninsula to Baie Verte at some more distant time in the past, then diverged by genetic drift. More recently, migration occurred from these two populations to Bonavista, characterized by positive FIS indicative of admixture. Tests of biased dispersal and posterior probability of correct assignment to locality reveal contemporary movements of both males and females with historical dispersal attributable to males.

V.—Oceanic Islands

1881 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
T. Meelard Reade
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Oceanic Island ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Great Support ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tertiary Period

The Pacific and Atlantic Oceans far from the continental masses of land are studded with islands, which from their being solely volcanic and of an age going back no further than the Tertiary period, are considered to lend great support to the hypothesis of the permanence of the great oceans and continents. Those who hold these views question the right of New Zealand to be considered a truly oceanic island, though on what grounds has never been quite intelligible to me. Waiving this objection for the purpose of argumeat, I propose to discuss the bearings of the facts, as formulated by those who believe in the “approximate” immutability of land and sea.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Hemibagrus guttatus (Bagridae, Siluriformes) in the larger subtropical Pearl River based on COI and Cyt b genes analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Tianxu Kuang ◽  
Fangmin Shuai ◽  
Xinhui Li ◽  
Weitao Chen ◽  
Sovan Lek
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
The Pearl River ◽  
F Statistics

Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of fish species is crucial for the sustainable use and protection of fish germplasm resources. Hemibagrus guttatus (Bagridae, Siluriformes) is widely distributed in the large subtropical Pearl River (China) and is commercially important. It's population have been declining. The genetic diversity of wild H. guttatus is not clear, despite its important ecological significance. In this paper, genes mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (Cyt b) were used to analyze the genetic structure of H. guttatus population collected from six geographical populations in the main streams of the Pearl River. The results showed that the nucleotide diversity (π) and haplotype diversity (Hd) of wild H. guttatus was low (π < 0.005; Hd < 0.5). In addition, H. guttatus haplotypes did not cluster into clades according to geographical distribution, as revealed by neighbor-joining tree analysis. Analysis of molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) and F-statistics (Fst) values showed high homogeneity among wild H. guttatus populations. Our results suggest that there is degradation in germplasm resources of H. guttatus that could destabilize the sustainable use of this species and there was an urgent need for conservation of this species in South China.

scholarly journals Genetic connectivity and population structure of African savanna elephants ( Loxodonta africana ) in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 11069-11089
Author(s):  
George G. Lohay ◽  
Thomas Casey Weathers ◽  
Anna B. Estes ◽  
Barbara C. McGrath ◽  
Douglas R. Cavener
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
African Savanna

Apicoporus haificum (Gymnodiniaceae), a new dinoflagellate species from sandy sediments of the Mediterranean Sea (Israel coast)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 404 (7) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
МAXIM А. KRAKHMALNYI ◽  
ALEKSANDR F. KRAKHMALNYI
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sandy Sediments

A new dinoflagellate species (Dinophyceae, Gymnodiniales)—Apicoporus haificum Krachmalny sp. nov. was described on a basis of thorough light microscopy studies. The species was found in sandy sediments (water-filled spaces between sand grains) on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea (HaCarmel beach, Haifa, Israel). Apicoporus haificum possesses the following features: cells elongated (with length exceeding width by 3.1–3.8 times), lanceolate in dorsoventral projection, roundish in cross-section with slight dorsoventral compression, asymmetrical, slightly curved to the right, with antapical depression. Epicone asymmetrical, somewhat umbonate, with a small hook-shaped protrusion on the apex. Cingulum displaced, descending by 1/3 cell’s length, its distal part almost parallel to the anterior portion of sulcus. Sulcus narrow, shallow, extends from the apex to the antapical depression, with apical groove. Cell surface covered with longitudinal striations that converge on the apex and on the antapical protrusion. Chloroplasts absent. Dimensions: 75.3±2.2 μm in length, 21.4±1.5 μm in width. Comparison of A. haificum to morphologically similar Apicoporus glaber and Amphidinium scissum is discussed.

scholarly journals A Statistical Study of Unusual Tracks of Tropical Cyclones near Taiwan Island

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueting Gong ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Da-Lin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Anomalous Acceleration ◽  
Taiwan Island ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
The Right

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) tend to change translation direction and speed when moving across Taiwan’s Central Mountain Range (CMR), which makes forecasting of landfalling points a challenging task. This study examines the statistical characteristics of unusual TC tracks around Taiwan Island during the 66-yr period of 1949–2014. Results show that 1) about 10% more TCs were deflected to the right than to the left as they moved across the CMR, but with more occurrences of the latter on Taiwan’s eastern coast and southern strait; 2) TCs around Taiwan Island moved slower than the average speed over the western North Pacific Ocean but then exhibited anomalous acceleration along Taiwan’s eastern coast and anomalous deceleration over the southern Taiwan Strait; 3) about 33% of TCs passing the island were accompanied by terrain-induced secondary low pressure centers (SCs), more favored in the northwestern, southwestern, and southeastern quadrants, with the TC–SC separation distance varying from 33 to 643 km; 4) about 36% of landfalling TCs experienced discontinuous tracks, with an average separation distance of 141 km at the time when TC centers were replaced by SCs, and smaller Froude numbers than those associated with continuous-tracking TCs; and 5) a total of 12 TCs had looping movements near Taiwan Island, most of which were accompanied by SCs on their southern or western sides. Results also indicate that a stronger SC was likely to take place when a stronger TC approached the CMR with a shorter separation distance and that a weaker SC was likely to take place when a weaker TC approached the CMR with a longer separation distance.

scholarly journals Structure and phylogeography of two tropical predators, spinner ( Stenella longirostris ) and pantropical spotted ( S. attenuata ) dolphins, from SNP data

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 171615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Leslie ◽  
Phillip A. Morin
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Stenella Longirostris ◽  
Spinner Dolphin ◽  
Spinner Dolphins ◽  
Almost All

Little is known about global patterns of genetic connectivity in pelagic dolphins, including how circumtropical pelagic dolphins spread globally following the rapid and recent radiation of the subfamily delphininae. In this study, we tested phylogeographic hypotheses for two circumtropical species, the spinner dolphin ( Stenella longirostris ) and the pantropical spotted dolphin ( Stenella attenuata ), using more than 3000 nuclear DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in each species. Analyses for population structure indicated significant genetic differentiation between almost all subspecies and populations in both species. Bayesian phylogeographic analyses of spinner dolphins showed deep divergence between Indo-Pacific, Atlantic and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (ETP) lineages. Despite high morphological variation, our results show very close relationships between endemic ETP spinner subspecies in relation to global diversity. The dwarf spinner dolphin is a monophyletic subspecies nested within a major clade of pantropical spinner dolphins from the Indian and western Pacific Ocean populations. Population-level division among the dwarf spinner dolphins was detected—with the northern Australia population being very different from that in Indonesia. In contrast to spinner dolphins, the major boundary for spotted dolphins is between offshore and coastal habitats in the ETP, supporting the current subspecies-level taxonomy. Comparing these species underscores the different scale at which population structure can arise, even in species that are similar in habitat (i.e. pelagic) and distribution.

Genetic population structure of Neanthes succinea (Polychaeta: Nereididae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abbiati ◽  
F. Maltagliati
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Genetic Identity ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Discriminant Locus ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neanthes Succinea ◽  
F Statistics

Two samples of Neanthes succinea (Frey & Leuckart 1847) from the Mediterranean Sea were investigated. Twenty-one loci were analysed; seven of them were polymorphic in both populations. The level of heterozygosity was 2.2% and 4.4% in populations from the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts respectively. The value of Nei's genetic identity index (1=0.965), together with the mean F(IT) (=0.350), shows that the samples can be considered reproductively isolated populations. F-statistics indicate that ME-1 is the discriminant locus between populations.

scholarly journals Genome Assembly of the Roundjaw Bonefish (Albula glossodonta), a Vulnerable Circumtropical Sportfish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon D. Pickett ◽  
Sheena Talma ◽  
Jessica R. Glass ◽  
Daniel Ence ◽  
Paul D. Cowley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
High Quality Genome

ABSTRACTBackgroundBonefishes are cryptic species indiscriminately targeted by subsistence and recreational fisheries worldwide. The roundjaw bonefish, Albula glossodonta is the most widespread bonefish species in the Indo-Pacific and is listed as vulnerable to extinction by the IUCN’s Red List due to anthropogenic activities. Whole-genome datasets allow for improved population and species delimitation, which – prior to this study – were lacking for Albula species.ResultsWe generated a high-quality genome assembly of an A. glossodonta individual from Hawai‘i, USA. The assembled contigs had an NG50 of 4.75 Mbp and a maximum length of 28.2 Mbp. Scaffolding yielded an NG50 of 14.49 Mbp, with the longest scaffold reaching 42.29 Mbp. Half the genome was contained in 20 scaffolds. The genome was annotated with 28.3 K protein-coding genes. We then analyzed 66 A. glossodonta individuals and 38,355 SNP loci to evaluate population genetic connectivity between six atolls in Seychelles and Mauritius in the Western Indian Ocean. We observed genetic homogeneity between atolls in Seychelles and evidence of reduced gene flow between Seychelles and Mauritius. The South Equatorial Current could be one mechanism limiting gene flow of A. glossodonta populations between Seychelles and Mauritius.ConclusionsQuantifying the spatial population structure of widespread fishery species such as bonefishes is necessary for effective transboundary management and conservation. This population genomic dataset mapped to a high-quality genome assembly allowed us to discern shallow population structure in a widespread species in the Western Indian Ocean. The genome assembly will be useful for addressing the taxonomic uncertainties of bonefishes globally.

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