scholarly journals Plant Phylogeny Posters – Concise Overviews of Plant Phylogeny now in Czech and Slovak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodor C. H. Cole ◽  
Hartmut H. Hilger ◽  
Ľuboš Majeský ◽  
Pavo Mártonfi
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Electronic Format ◽  
Angiosperm Phylogeny ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Plant Phylogeny ◽  
Diagnostic Traits

The Plant Phylogeny Posters (PPP) project is a free and regularly updated portfolio providing details of phylogenetic relationships of extant lineages of plants in a clear and appealing format for academia and general interest groups. The portfolio consists of three main posters: Angiosperm Phylogeny Poster (APP), Tracheophyte Phylogeny Poster (TPP), Bryophyte Phylogeny Poster (BPP), plus 30 posters of selected orders and families of angiosperms. Each poster depicts a tree showing the evolutionary relationships of a particular group on the level of orders, families, or genera also listing important apomorphic, plesiomorphic and diagnostic traits. The electronic format of these posters allows for regular updates based on most recent research results – thus the topology of the trees is largely up-to-date. All posters are freely available on ResearchGate and on the webpages of the authors.

scholarly journals Spanning the Globe – The Plant Phylogeny Poster (PPP) Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
T.C.H. Cole ◽  
◽  
H.H. Hilger ◽  
J.B. Bachelier ◽  
P.F. Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary Trees ◽  
Educational Tools ◽  
Angiosperm Phylogeny ◽  
Plant Phylogeny ◽  
Other Information ◽  
University Level ◽  
The University

Historically, wallcharts and posters created by botanical illustrators, often highly skilled artists, have played an important role in teaching botany at the university level. Large-scale panels and posters can visualize complex interrelationships and entire stories in a clear and appealing overview in graphs, tables, and diagrams. Carrying this concept of educational tools into the electronic era, the Plant Phylogeny Poster project uses this approach for displaying evolutionary relationships in systematic botany. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Poster (APP) displays, as phylogenetically arranged clades, the orders and families of flowering plants (with orders hyperlinked to APweb, Stevens, 2001–onwards), the Tracheophyte Phylogeny Poster (TPP) families and genera of ferns and gymnosperms, and the Bryophyte Phylogeny Poster (BPP) orders and families of liverworts, mosses, and hornworts. The portfolio currently also includes about 30 posters on individual orders and families of angiosperms. Each group within these evolutionary trees is matched with essentially relevant morphological features, biogeographic occurrences, and other information in compactly condensed text blocks. All posters are freely available online, some in more than 30 languages, coauthored by a team of more than 130 botanists. The posters are regularly updated, current literature is cited. The project is expanding steadily and rapidly.

Contributions to the mechanisms of mitosis and roles of cytoplasmic microtubules from ultrastructural analyses of fungi

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
I. Brent Heath
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Ultrastructural Analysis ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Organelle Motility ◽  
Cytoplasmic Microtubules

Detailed ultrastructural analysis of fungal mitotic systems and cytoplasmic microtubules might be expected to contribute to a number of areas of general interest in addition to the direct application to the organisms of study. These areas include possibly fundamental general mechanisms of mitosis; evolution of mitosis; phylogeny of organisms; mechanisms of organelle motility and positioning; characterization of cellular aspects of microtubule properties and polymerization control features. This communication is intended to outline our current research results relating to selected parts of the above questions.Mitosis in the oomycetes Saprolegnia and Thraustotheca has been described previously. These papers described simple kinetochores and showed that the kineto- chores could probably be used as markers for the poorly defined chromosomes. Kineto- chore counts from serially sectioned prophase mitotic nuclei show that kinetochore replication precedes centriole replication to yield a single hemispherical array containing approximately the 4 n number of kinetochore microtubules diverging from the centriole associated "pocket" region of the nuclear envelope (Fig. 1).

scholarly journals A Citizen Science Trial to Assess Perception of Wild Penguin Welfare

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Freire ◽  
Melanie Massaro ◽  
Simon McDonald ◽  
Philip Trathan ◽  
Christine J. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
The Impact

Wild penguins are facing increased threats to their populations and their welfare as a consequence of human activities. Understanding the perception of animal welfare is essential to identify ethical concerns related to the negative impact of anthropogenic factors on wild species and to guide conservation efforts that reflect societal values. Since penguin conservation is of general interest, we examined the human dimension of welfare assessment across a range of interest groups concerned with penguins, seabird biology and wildlife conservation. We provided participants with a Penguin Welfare Assessment Tool (PWAT) based on the five domains model. The PWAT supports consideration of the impact of four physical aspects on welfare-relevant mental states. Bibliometric analysis of keywords from 347 scientific articles indicated that penguins around the world face five main types (themes) of anthropogenic factors and we then developed five hypothetical scenarios, each related to one theme. Seventy-five participants scored the overall impact of the events described in the scenarios on penguin welfare as negative using the PWAT. Participants rated short-duration, high-intensity events (i.e., being trapped in a ghost fishing net) as having a significantly more severe impact on penguin welfare than low-intensity, long-duration events (P < 0.0001). Scores provided by participants for each domain for each scenario were largely as expected and we found good correlation (all P < 0.0001) between the physical domains and “mental state” for all scenarios, indicating that the tool was facilitating the participants' assessment of welfare. No evidence was found that experience of working or studying penguins, or indeed any other demographic factor investigated, influenced the assessments of welfare. We found little agreement between participants in the scores provided (unalike scores mostly between 0.7 and 0.8), and agreement between participants with experience of working with penguins was no better than between participants without such experience. We discuss the possibility that low agreement within different interest groups may be improved by providing more scientific information to support the evaluation of penguin welfare. We conclude that scientific knowledge of penguin biological responses to anthropogenic factors is vital to support the evaluation of wild penguin welfare by the public and other stakeholders.

On Joining Interest Groups: A Comment

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wyn Grant
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
British Industry

Following the exchange between Shackleton and Marsh on the work of Olson and its applicability to the case of the Confederation of British Industry, I wish to criticize some of Shackleton's points and develop some of those made by Marsh. I intend to ignore some of Shackleton's criticisms of the methodology Marsh and I employed in our book (for example, our use of semi-structured interviews, a respectable technique in elite interviewing) and instead to concentrate on substantive questions of more general interest.

scholarly journals Temporal ranges and ancestry in the hominin fossil record: The case of Australopithecus sediba

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (3/4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Robinson ◽  
Timothy L. Campbell ◽  
Susanne Cote ◽  
Darryl J. de Ruiter
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Genus Homo ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Fossil Hominin

In attempting to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of fossil taxa, researchers can use evidence from two sources – morphology and known temporal ranges. For most taxa, the available evidence is stronger for one of these data sources. We examined the limitations of temporal data for reconstructing hominin evolutionary relationships, specifically focusing on the hypothesised ancestor–descendant relationship between Australopithecus sediba and the genus Homo. Some have implied that because the only known specimens of A. sediba are dated to later than the earliest fossils attributed to Homo, the former species is precluded from being ancestral to the latter. However, A. sediba is currently known from one site dated to 1.98 Ma and, thus, its actual temporal range is unknown. Using data from the currently known temporal ranges of fossil hominin species, and incorporating dating error in the analysis, we estimate that the average hominin species’ temporal range is ~0.97 Myr, which is lower than most figures suggested for mammalian species generally. Using this conservative figure in a thought experiment in which the Malapa specimens are hypothesised to represent the last appearance date, the middle of the temporal range, and first appearance date for the species, the first appearance date of A. sediba would be 2.95, 2.47 and 1.98 Ma, respectively. As these scenarios are all equally plausible, and 2.95 Ma predates the earliest specimens that some have attributed to Homo, we cannot refute the hypothesis that the species A. sediba is ancestral to our genus based solely on currently available temporal data.

How well do phylogenetic studies inform the conservation of Australian plants?

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Plant Phylogeny ◽  
Biological Studies

Conservation of Australian plants depends on a spectrum of activities from descriptive and experimental biological studies to active management and restoration of wild ecosystems by local communities who value their native biota. On the basis of the premise that available resources for conservation will not allow for all threatened biodiversity to be saved, some systematists and conservation geneticists argue that phylogenetic relationships should be used to set conservation priorities. The principle advocated is that characters, not species number, should become the currency of conservation, that cladistic analysis of phylogenetic pattern provides a predictive means of modelling the underlying distribution of characters among taxa, and that priority should be given to that subset of taxa with the greatest number of character states. This approach has been applied for some time in the conservation of genetic resources within species (e.g. Eucalyptus caesia), and has been an extra impetus for action with taxonomically isolated endangered species such as the recently discovered araucarian Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis). However, most plant conservation activity in Australia has paid little heed to phylogenetic relationships. Degree of threat has been a driving motivation, with endangered species receiving legislative and management attention irrespective of their systematic relationships. Moreover, the current revolution in understanding plant phylogeny associated with DNA sequence studies highlights the need for caution in accepting results of morphologically based analyses. A series of studies on the kangaroo paw and bloodroot family Haemodoraceae highlights this cautionary tale. The derivation of phylogenetic principles relevant to ecosystem and landscape processes is a new field of some promise to conservation managers. An understanding of the Gondwanan origins and landscape evolution of the south-west Australian flora provides a useful case study. Scaling up phylogenetic knowledge of genetic resources within species, and of the evolutionary relationships of taxa to an integrated overview of best management practices for all taxa at the local landscape level, is perhaps the most effective contribution phylogeneticists might make to help conserve Australian plants.

Phylogenetic relationships among the polyploid and diploid Aegilops species inferred from the nuclear 5S rDNA sequences (Poaceae: Triticeae)

Genome ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.R. Baum ◽  
T. Edwards ◽  
M. Mamuti ◽  
D.A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Reticulate Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Aegilops Species ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Unit Classes ◽  
Cytogenetic Analyses

Phylogenetic inferences of the polyploid Aegilops taxa were drawn based upon the analysis of 909 nuclear 5S rDNA sequences obtained from 15 Aegilops polyploid taxa (531 sequences new to this paper) and 378 sequences from our previous study on the diploid taxa. The 531 sequences can be split into two orthologous groups (unit classes), the long AE1 and short AE1 previously identified in the diploid set. An examination of the relationships between unit classes and their associated haplomes suggests that U haplome sequences found in Ae. umbellulata are the closest to the T sequences found in Amblyopyrum muticum and that sequences of the polyploid species expected to be the M type found in Ae. comos are more similar to the T haplome sequences, except in the three hexaploids Ae. glumiaristata, Ae. juvenalis, and Ae. vavilovii and the tetraploid Ae. crassa where they are found to be similar to the M haplome sequences. These three hexaploid taxa likely originated from the tetraploid Ae. crassa (DM), while the closest taxon to the fourth hexaploid, Ae. recta, is the tetraploid Ae. neglecta (UM). Based upon the distribution of the unit classes, several reticulate phylogenies depicting evolutionary relationships among diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid taxa were constructed; however, none of these widely used methods could depict the expected reticulate relationship as previously drawn from cytogenetic analyses in this group of allopolyploid species. These results suggest that evolutionary relationships derived from models based upon the assumption of bifurcating species require careful interpretation when these same models are applied to species with reticulate evolution.

The Phylogenetic Relationships of the Chinese and Vietnamese Waterfall frogs of the genus Amolops

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Orlov ◽  
Robert Murphy ◽  
Wanzhao Liu ◽  
Andre Ngo ◽  
Amy Lathrop
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Outgroup Species

AbstractRanid frogs of the genus Amolops occur in Southeast Asia and are typically found near waterfalls. Their phylogenetic relationships have not been resolved. We include 2,213 aligned nucleotide sites of the 12S, 16S and tRNAval gene regions of the mitochondrial DNA genome from 43 individuals of Chinese and Vietnamese Amolops, Huia, Hylarana, Meristogenys, Odorrana and Rana. The outgroup species were from the genera Chaparana, Limnonectes, Nanorana, and Paa. The data were analyzed within the framework of a refutationist philosophy using maximum parsimony. Four clades of waterfall frogs were resolved. Meristogenys was not resolved as the sister group to either Huia nor Amolops. The hypothesis of evolutionary relationships placed Amolops chapaensis and Huia nasica in the genus Odorrana.

Evolutionary Relationships of the Australasian Mud-Nesters (Grallinidae, Corcoracidae) - Immunological Evidence

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Baverstock ◽  
R Schodde ◽  
L Christidis ◽  
M Krieg ◽  
J Birrell
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Dna Hybridisation ◽  
Microcomplement Fixation

The phylogenetic relationships of the genera of Australasian mud-nesters (Corcorax, Struthidea and Grallina) were examined by microcomplement fixation, and the results compared with morphological and DNA-DNA hybridisation data. There was general corroboration among all data sets such that (1) Corcorax and Struthidea were well-diverged members of a single lineage related to corvoids, and (2) Grallina comprised two species (Australian G. cyanoleuca and New Guinean G. bruijni) closely allied to Myiagra among the monarch flycatchers (Monarchidae). The immunological data also indicated that Corcorax and Struthidea were closer to Corvus (Corvinae) than to some other members of that subfamily identified by DNA-DNA hybridisation. There was further corroboration of evidence from DNA-DNA hybridisation for an endemic radiation among Australo-Papuan passerine families.

scholarly journals Angiosperm phylogeny poster (APP) – Flowering plant systematics, 2017

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodor C H Cole ◽  
Hartmut H Hilger ◽  
Peter F Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Plant Systematics ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Color Coding ◽  
Missouri Botanical ◽  
Angiosperm Phylogeny

The "Angiosperm Phylogeny Poster – Flowering Plant Systematics" is an educational tool presenting an overview of the evolutionary relationships among flowering plants according to APG IV and APweb as of 2016. The phylogenetic tree depicts the 64 orders and the majority of the 416 families, listing the main apomorphies and plesiomorphies as well as diagnostic and nondiagnostic anatomical, morphological, and phytochemical features for orders and higher levels within the tree. The intuitive color-coding facilitates memorization and teaching. Translations of the poster by internationally renown botanists are now available in 18 languages. Hyperlinks to APweb (Peter F. Stevens, Missouri Botanical Garden) are provided for the orders and higher ranks. This is one in a series of three educational posters on the phylogeny of land plants: Poster 1: "Angiosperms", Poster 2: "Tracheophytes: Lycophytes, Ferns, Gymnosperms", Poster 3: "Bryophytes: Liverworts, Mosses, Hornworts".

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