scholarly journals Analysis of diaphragm movement, during tidal breathing and during its activation while breath holding, using MRI synchronized with spirometry

2009 ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kolář ◽  
J Neuwirth ◽  
J Šanda ◽  
V Suchánek ◽  
Z Svatá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Dynamic Mri ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Tidal Breathing ◽  
Average Amplitude ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Costophrenic Angle ◽  
Voluntary Breath Holding

Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in conjunction with synchronized spirometry we analyzed and compared diaphragm movement during tidal breathing and voluntary movement of the diaphragm while breath holding. Breathing cycles of 16 healthy subjects were examined using a dynamic sequence (77 slices in sagittal plane during 20 s, 1NSA, 240x256, TR4.48, TE2.24, FA90, TSE1, FOV 328). The amplitude of movement of the apex and dorsal costophrenic angle of the diaphragm were measured for two test conditions: tidal breathing and voluntary breath holding. The maximal inferior and superior positions of the diaphragm were subtracted from the corresponding positions during voluntary movements while breath holding. The average amplitude of inferio-superior movement of the diaphragm apex during tidal breathing was 27.3±10.2 mm (mean ± SD), and during voluntary movement while breath holding was 32.5±16.2 mm. Movement of the costophrenic angle was 39±17.6 mm during tidal breathing and 45.5±21.2 mm during voluntary movement while breath holding. The inferior position of the diaphragm was lower in 11 of 16 subjects (68.75 %) and identical in 2 of 16 (12.5 %) subjects during voluntary movement compared to the breath holding. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to demonstrate that movement of the costophrenic angle and apex of the diaphragm had a linear relationship in both examined situations (r=0.876). A correlation was found between the amplitude of diaphragm movement during tidal breathing and lung volume (r=0.876). The amplitude of movement of the diaphragm with or without breathing showed no correlation to each other (r=0.074). The movement during tidal breathing shows a correlation with the changes in lung volumes. Dynamic MRI demonstrated that individuals are capable of moving their diaphragm voluntarily, but the amplitude of movement differs from person to person. In this study, the movements of the diaphragm apex and the costophrenic angle were synchronous during voluntary movement of the diaphragm while breath holding. Although the sample is small, this study confirms that the function of the diaphragm is not only respiratory but also postural and can be voluntarily controlled.

scholarly journals Stabilizing function of the diaphragm: dynamic MRI and synchronized spirometric assessment

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 1064-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kolar ◽  
J. Sulc ◽  
M. Kyncl ◽  
J. Sanda ◽  
J. Neuwirth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Dynamic Mri ◽  
Tidal Breathing ◽  
External Resistance ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities

The aim was to describe diaphragmatic behavior during postural limb activities and examine the ventilatory and stabilizing functions of the diaphragm. Thirty healthy subjects were examined in the supine position using a dynamic MRI system assessed simultaneously with specialized spirometric readings. The diaphragmatic excursions (DEs) were measured at three diaphragmatic points in the sagittal plane; the diaphragm positions (DPs) as related to a reference horizontal baseline were determined. Measurements were taken during tidal breathing (TB) and isometric flexion of upper or lower extremities against external resistance together with TB. Mean DE in both upper and lower postural limb activities was greater compared with the TB condition ( P < 0.05), with the effect greater for lower limb activities. Inspiratory DPs in the upper and lower extremity activities were lower compared with TB alone ( P < 0.01). Expiratory DP was lower only for lower extremity activities ( P < 0.01). DP was most affected at the apex of the crescent and crural (posterior) portion of the diaphragm. DEs correlated strongly with tidal volume (Vt) in all conditions. Changes in DEs relative to the initial value were minimal for upper and lower extremities but were related to lower values of Vt ( P < 0.03). Significant involvement of the diaphragm in the limb postural activities was found. Resulting DEs and DPs differed from the TB conditions, especially in lower extremity activities. The differences between the percent changes of DEs vs. Vt found for lower extremity activities were confirmed by both ventilatory and postural diaphragm recruitment in response to postural demands.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Investigate the Clinical Applicability of the Medial Femoral Trochlea Osteochondral Flap Within the Wrist

Hand ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 155894472110643
Author(s):  
Jimmy H. Daruwalla ◽  
Jan Skrok ◽  
Mitchell A. Pet ◽  
Aviram M. Giladi ◽  
James P. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Convex Surface ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Femoral Trochlea ◽  
Average Ratio ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: The medial femoral trochlea (MFT) osteochondral flap is employed for reconstruction of unsalvageable scaphoid proximal pole nonunions. The convex surface of the cartilage-bearing proximal trochlea is used to replace the similarly contoured proximal scaphoid and articulate with the concave scaphoid fossa of the radius. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) comparison of the shape of the MFT as it relates to the native proximal scaphoid has not been previously performed. Our study aimed to quantifiably compare the shape of the MFT, proximal scaphoid, and scaphoid fossa. Methods: Using imaging processing software, we measured radius of curvature of the articular segments in MRI scans of 10 healthy subjects’ wrists and knees. Results: Compared with the scaphoid fossa, average ratio of the radius of circumference of the proximal scaphoid was 0.79 and 0.78 in the coronal and sagittal planes, respectively. Compared with the scaphoid fossa, average ratio of the radius of circumference of the MFT was 0.98 and 1.31 in the coronal and sagittal planes, respectively. The radius of curvature of the MFT was larger than the proximal scaphoid, in the coronal and sagittal planes. In the coronal plane, the MFT radius of curvature is nearly identical to the scaphoid fossa, a closer match than the scaphoid itself. In the sagittal plane, the radius of curvature of the MFT was larger than the radius of curvature of the scaphoid fossa. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the radius of curvature, in the sagittal and coronal planes, of the MFT and proximal scaphoid is disparate.

scholarly journals Voluntary Breath Holding in Panic and Generalized Anxiety Disorders

1998 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walton T. Roth ◽  
Frank H. Wilhelm ◽  
Werner Trabert
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Voluntary Breath Holding

scholarly journals Voluntary breath-holding for breast cancer radiotherapy is consistent and stable

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (1054) ◽  
pp. 20150309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Colgan ◽  
Matthew James ◽  
Frederick R Bartlett ◽  
Anna M Kirby ◽  
Ellen M Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Cancer Radiotherapy ◽  
Breast Cancer Radiotherapy ◽  
Voluntary Breath Holding

scholarly journals The utility of dynamic MRI in differentiating the hormone-producing ability of pituitary adenomas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taishi Amano ◽  
Tomohiko Masumoto ◽  
Hiroyoshi Akutsu ◽  
Noriaki Sakamoto ◽  
Sodai Hoshiai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Dynamic Mri ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Washout Rate ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tissue Enhancement

Abstract Purpose To investigate the relationship between dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and hormonal activity in pituitary adenomas. Methods We retrospectively evaluated the dynamic MRI findings in 244 patients with pathologically confirmed pituitary adenomas and a diagnosis of clinically active prolactin (PRL)-producing adenomas. Among the 244 pituitary adenomas, 55, 16, 6, and 4 produced growth hormone (GH), PRL, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone, respectively, while 163 were non-functioning (NF) adenomas. For each adenoma, we calculated the washout rate (WR) and early (EER) and delayed (DER) tumour-to-normal-tissue enhancement ratios. Results The respective mean values of the WR, EER, and DER were 9.4%, 75.2%, and 64.5% for GH-producing adenomas; 6.2%, 117.1%, and 106.2% for PRL-producing adenomas; and 5.4%, 116.7%, and 108.7% for NF adenomas. GH-producing adenomas had significantly lower EER and DER values than PRL-producing (P < 0.001) and NF adenomas (P < 0.001). In ROC analysis of GH-producing and non-GH-producing adenomas, the areas under the curves of WR, EER, and DER were 0.593, 0.825, and 0.857, respectively. Conclusion There are differences in dynamic MRI features between GH-producing and non-GH-producing adenomas, which suggests that EER and DER may be useful for diagnosing GH-producing adenomas.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging based coracoid morphology and its associations with subscapularis tears: a new index

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam C. Watson ◽  
Richard P. Jamieson ◽  
Andrew C. Mattin ◽  
Richard S. Page
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Arm Position ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background We aimed to assess the validity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing the subcorocoid space and determine the validity of novel sagittal plane subcorocoid space measurements. Methods We assessed 33 arthroscopically proven subscapularis tears with MRIs compared to 33 (instability) controls with normal subscapularis tendons. Three examiners analyzed MRIs for seven static indices of corocoid morphology, in axial and sagittal planes. We explored reviewer variation using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and differences between the two groups was explored using t-tests. Results Groups were similar in characteristics but different in age (cases = 53, controls = 23). ICC showed good (2/7) or excellent (5/7) reliability. Small differences(<1.6 mm) were identified between subscapularis tears and controls in coraco–humeral distance, in axial ( p = 0.092) and sagittal planes ( p = 0.045). There were statistically significant differences between groups when analyzing the angular projection of the coracoid from the glenoid, in both sagittal ( p < 0.0001) and axial planes ( p = 0.045). Conclusions Acute inferior angulation of the corocoid in the sagittal plane may be associated with subscapularis tears. Static indices are measured within the scapula and not affected by arm position. MRI reliably provided a platform to assess the coracoid. Based on this, we currently consider corocoplasty in patients with subscapularis tears and a sagittal coroco–glenoid angle <60o to reduce potential impingement.

DYNAMIC MRI FOR TUMOR ENHANCEMENT: AN EXPERIMENTAL BREAST CANCER MODEL

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Kai Leung ◽  
Pai-Jung Huang ◽  
Chi-Ming Lee ◽  
Chih-Hsiung Wu ◽  
Yi-Fan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Maximum Intensity Projection ◽  
Breast Mri ◽  
Dynamic Mri ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with post-processing is routinely used for the analysis of tumors. However, although breast MRI has gained broad clinical recognition, the relationship between imaging findings and tumor pathogenesis has yet to be fully elucidated. We grafted tumors on rats, to examine dynamic MRI images of the tumors, using post-processing subtraction with 3D maximum intensity projection (sMIP). We established a preliminary platform for analysis to compare hemodynamic-based images with histopathological findings and to further biomolecular research. This platform could facilitate future research on the mechanisms of breast tumor enhancement using MRI, improvements to MRI analysis and reduction of the false positive rate, and the development of novel drugs and contrast media.

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