scholarly journals Hyperoxia blunts acute hypoxia- and PGF2α-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction in chronically hypoxic rats

2009 ◽  
pp. 917-920
Author(s):  
M Žaloudíková ◽  
M Vízek ◽  
J Herget
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Lung Preparation

We investigated the influence of oxygenation of in vitro lung preparation on the pulmonary vascular reactivity. Small pulmonary vessels isolated from adult male Wistar rats exposed for 4 days to hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.1, group CH) were compared with those of normoxic controls (group N). The bath in the chamber of small vessel myograph was saturated with gas mixture containing either 21 % or 95 % of O2 with 5 % CO2 and we measured the reactions of vessels to acute hypoxic challenge with 0 % O2 or to PGF2α. We did not observe any difference of the contractile responses between both groups when the normoxic conditions were set in the bath. When the bath oxygenation was increased to 95 % O2, the contractions induced by hypoxic challenge and PGF2α decreased in chronically hypoxic rats and did not change in normoxic controls. We hypothesize that reduced reactivity of vessels from hypoxic rats in hyperoxia results from the effect of chronic hypoxia on Ca2+ signaling in the vascular smooth muscle, which is modulated by increased free radical production during the exposure to chronic hypoxia and further hyperoxia.

Renal Cortical Slices: An In Vitro Model for Kidney Metabolism and Toxicity

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Andrea Trevisan ◽  
Stefano Maso ◽  
Paola Meneghetti
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Cortical Slice ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Release ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Renal Cortical Slice ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Vitro Model

The in vitro renal cortical slice model was used to study: 1) the effects on the kidney of some haloalkanes and haloalkenes using 3-month-old male Wistar rats; 2) influence of age and sex on renal cortical slice indices in non-treated rats; and 3) effects of 1,2-dichloropropane on the slices after pretreatment of 3-month-old male Wistar rats with DL-butathionine-[S,R]-sulphoximine. The most nephrotoxic chemical used was 1,3-dichloropropene, which caused a total depletion in the levels of reduced glutathione, a high peroxidation of lipid (about three thousand-fold with respect to control), a significant release of tubular enzymes into the medium, and loss of organic anion ( p-aminohippurate) accumulation. All the chemicals affected the cytosol more than the brush border. The most remarkable age-related differences in the untreated slices were the progressive decrease of reduced glutathione (p<0.05 from three months of age), and an increase in lactate dehydrogenase release into the medium (p<0.05 from six months of age). By contrast, sex differences were slight. The ‘treatment with 1,2-dichloropropane of slices prepared from rats pretreated with DL-butathionine-[S,R]-sulphoximine significantly increased the depletion of glutathione content (p<0.05) and malondialdehyde release in the medium (p<0.001) caused by the solvent alone.

Insulin-induced endothelin release and vasoreactivity in hypertriglyceridemic and hypertensive rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. H399-H404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Nava ◽  
Verónica Guarner ◽  
Rosalinda Posadas ◽  
Israel Pérez ◽  
Guadalupe Baños
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Receptor Blocker ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Contractile Responses ◽  
Femoral Arteries ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Insulin-elicited endothelin release in hypertriglyceridemic, hypertensive, hyperinsulinemic (HTG) rats was shown. Weanling male Wistar rats were given 30% sucrose in their drinking water for 20–24 wk. In vitro contractions of aorta and femoral arteries were elicited with 40 mM KCl. Endothelin release induced with KCl plus 50 μU/ml insulin resulted in increases in contractile responses: 41 ± 5.9 and 57 ± 6% for control and 65.5 ± 6 and 95 ± 9% for HTG aortas and femoral arteries, respectively. The endothelin ETB-receptor blocker BQ-788 decreased responses to KCl + insulin by 39 ± 8 and 53 ± 5% in control and 48 ± 13 and 79 ± 3.5% in HTG aortas and femoral arteries, respectively. The ETA-receptor antagonist PD-151242 inhibited these responses by 12 ± 10 and 1 ± 9% in control and by 51.5 ± 9 and 58.5 ± 1% in HTG aortas and femoral arteries, respectively. These results suggest that endothelin may contribute to the hypertension in this model.

scholarly journals Sepiapterin Improves Vascular Reactivity and Insulin-Stimulated Glucose in Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Keller ◽  
L. A. Knaub ◽  
R. L. Scalzo ◽  
S. E. Hull ◽  
A. E. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Insulin Tolerance ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

In the vasculature, sedentary behavior leads to endothelial abnormalities, resulting in elevated cardiovascular disease risk. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) aberrations characterize endothelial dysfunction; eNOS also regulates mitochondrial function. We hypothesized that sepiapterin (a precursor to eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)) supplementation would improve endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in sedentary animals via modulation of NOS function and mitochondrial activity. Sedentary male Wistar rats were fed ad libitum for a total of 10 weeks. Sepiapterin was administered in diet during the final 5 weeks. Intraperitoneal insulin and glucose tolerance tests (IP-ITT/IP-GTT) were conducted at baseline and endpoint. Aorta was assessed for vasoreactivity and mitochondrial respiration. Insulin tolerance, determined by IP-ITT, significantly improved in rats treated with sepiapterin (p<0.05, interaction of time and treatment). Acetylcholine- (ACh-) driven vasodilation was significantly greater in aorta from sepiapterin-treated rats as compared with control (76.4% versus 54.9% of phenylephrine contraction at 20 μM ACh, p<0.05). Sepiapterin treatment resulted in significantly elevated state 3 (9.00 oxygen pmol/sec∗mg versus 8.17 oxygen pmol/sec∗mg, p<0.05) and 4 (7.28 oxygen pmol/sec∗mg versus 5.86 oxygen pmol/sec∗mg, p<0.05) aortic mitochondrial respiration with significantly lower respiratory control ratio (p<0.05) during octanoylcarnitine-driven respiration. Vasodilation and insulin sensitivity were improved through targeting NOS via sepiapterin supplementation.

scholarly journals Haloperidol and Risperidone Induce Apoptosis Neuronal Cell : Invivo Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester G Panserga ◽  
Cecep S Kristanto ◽  
Budi Pratiti ◽  
Patricia Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group B

Abstract Introduction Antipsychotics are drugs that are widely prescribed for mental disorders, such as schizophrenia and psychosis. Recent in vitro studies show antipsychotics play a role in the initiation of neuronal cell apoptosis. This study aims to determine the effect of haloperidol and risperidone on neuronal cell apoptosis in Wistar white rats. Methods Male wistar rats aged 8 weeks (n = 30) were used in this study. Wistar rats were randomized into 6 groups. Group A: 5 wistar rats as a control without induced schizophrenia, aquades and drugs. Group B: 5 Wistar-induced psychotic mice (using 30 mg / kgBB ketamine, intraperitoneal injection for 5 days) and aquadest. Group C: 5 rats were induced psychotic and were given haloperidol or 0.05 mg / kgBB orally, for 28 days. Group D: 5 mice were induced psychotic and were given haloperidol 0.1 mg / kg orally, for 28 days. Group E: 5 mice were induced psychotic and were given risperidone 0.05 mg / kgBB orally, for 28 days. Group F: 5 mice were induced psychotic and given risperidone 0.1 mg / kgBB orally, for 28 days. Apoptosis of neuronal cells in the ventral tegmental area was assessed by caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. The colored area will be calculated as a total percentage using the imageJ program. Results Risperidone and haloperidol increase caspase-3 activity, but haloperidol increases caspase-3 activity more than risperidone. Conclussion Risperidone and haloperidol induce apoptosis of neuronal cells and tardive dyskinesia in Wistar rats with psychotic models.

scholarly journals Enteral administration of soyabean lecithin enhanced lymphatic absorption of triacylglycerol in rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megumi Nishimukai ◽  
Hiroshi Hara ◽  
Yoritaka Aoyama
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Lymphatic Absorption ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Enteral Administration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Rat Bile

As the physiological roles of dietary lecithin have not yet been clearly defined, we examined the effects of lecithin on lipid absorption in male Wistar rats with a mesenteric lymph cannula. Lymphatic absorption was observed after the infusion of 1 ml emulsion containing 100 mg test oil emulsified with sodium taurocholate (10 g/l) in three separate experiments. Test oils (100 mg) were: soyabean oil (triacylglycerol (TG) source, SO) and soyabean oil + lecithin (75 mg soyabean oil+25 mg lecithin, LE) in Expt 1; SO, LE or soyabean oil + lysolecithin (75 mg soyabean oil plus 25 mg lysolecithin, LY) in Expt 2; hydrolysed soyabean oil (HSO) or HSO+lysolecithin (75 mg HSO+25 mg lysolecithin, HLY) in Expt 3. After LE and LY infusions, lymph flow and the lymphatic output of TG was higher than after SO infusion at 0-30 min and 0-90 min respectively (Expts 1 and 2). Lecithin-induced increases in lymph TG output remained constant when HSO was infused (Expt 3). There were no differences in the TG:phospholipid ratio in the lymph after infusion among the groups; nevertheless, the lymphatic output of TG was much higher after infusion with LE than with SO. Fatty acid was released more efficiently from SO than from LE and LY by in vitro digestion with rat bile–pancreatic juice. These present results demonstrate that a TG emulsion containing soyabean lecithin or its hydrolysates promote lymphatic TG output and suggest that the increases in TG absorption do not depend on TG digestion.

scholarly journals Direct Vasocontractile Activities of Bupivacaine Enantiomers on the Isolated Rat Thoracic Aorta

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Mukozawa ◽  
Ko Takakura ◽  
Maki Mizogami
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Krebs Solution ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Rat Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Isolated Arteries ◽  
Isolated Rat

Background.In vitrostudies with isolated arteries have shown direct vasoactivity of racemic bupivacaine. However, there is little information on the direct vasoactivities of bupivacaine enantiomers, S(−)- and R(+)-bupivacaine.Methods. We performed functional examinations using isolated intact thoracic aortic rings from male Wistar rats. Changes in ring tension produced by S(−)-, R(+)-, or racemic bupivacaine were measured in Krebs solution.Results. S(−)-bupivacaine produced the strongest contraction of the three agents. R(+)-bupivacaine showed limited vasoconstriction. The effects of racemic bupivacaine were located between these two.Conclusion. Each bupivacaine enantiomer showed specific vasocontractile activity, which affects the activity of racemic bupivacaine.

Concomitant release of sialic acids and calcium by neuraminidase from rat aorta in situ

1988 ◽  
Vol 235 (1279) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Sialic Acids ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Male Wistar rats were heparinized and killed with pentobarbital. The upper and lower ends of the aortae were cannulated and the blood was washed out with saline until the washings contained calcium and sialic-acid-reacting material at minimal concentrations. The aortae were perfused with neuraminidase for 15 min. This caused the appearance of calcium as well as of sialic acids in the perfusate in total amounts of about 5.3 nmol and about 3.6 nmol per aorta respectively. The molar ratio of about 1.5 is sufficiently close to that determined for the association of calcium with sialic acids in vitro to suggest that their association is similar in vivo .

scholarly journals Acute and Sub-acute Toxicities of Thai Silkworm Powder (Bombyx mori Linn.) From Three Races in Male Wistar Rats and In vitro Antioxidant Activities

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surapong Rattana ◽  
Teeraporn Katisart ◽  
Bunleu Sungthong ◽  
Chirapha Butiman
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

scholarly journals Synthesis of Some Novel Derivatives of 2-(9H-purin-6-ylsulfanyl) Acetohydrazide as Potential Antithyroid Agents

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismat Fatima ◽  
Munawar A. Munawar ◽  
Waqar Nasir ◽  
Misbahul A. Khan ◽  
Affia Tasneem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Antithyroid Agents ◽  
Derivatives Of

Some novel derivatives of 2-(9<em>H</em>-Purin-6-ylsulfanyl)acetohydrazide were synthesized by reacting it with respective aldehydes in ethanol. The antithyroid effect of these compounds was ascertained <em>in vitro</em> by studying their complexation with iodine spectrophotometrically. <em>In vivo</em>, the hormonal as well as histological variations in male Wistar rats demonstrated significant antithyroid potential (p ≤ 0.05) of these compounds.

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