scholarly journals Sex-Related Differences in Locomotion and Climbing of C57Bl/6NTac Mice in a Novel Environment

2019 ◽  
pp. S353-S359
Author(s):  
V. BORBÉLYOVÁ ◽  
K. JANIŠOVÁ ◽  
J. MYSLIVEČEK ◽  
V. RILJAK
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Behavioral Testing ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Dependent Activity ◽  
Spontaneous Behavior

Laboratory mice in standard laboratory cages, besides horizontal and vertical locomotor activity, spontaneously display cage-bar related activities such as cage-grid climbing. Although, grid-climbing activity is one of the major components of spontaneous home-cage behavior of mice, its exact role is not fully understood. This study aimed to describe the sex-differences in coping with novelty and in spontaneous behavior of laboratory mice concerning the cage-climbing activity in an observer-independent open field test. Adult mice of both sexes (C57Bl/6NTac) underwent behavioral testing in LABORAS system. Female mice travelled significantly longer distance (by 30 %, p<0.05) and showed higher grid-climbing activity (by 50 %, p<0.05) than males. Based on our results, the grid-climbing is a sex-dependent activity of mice, however, its exact role remains to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Thogoto Virus Lacking Interferon-Antagonistic Protein ML Is Strongly Attenuated in Newborn Mx1-Positive but Not Mx1-Negative Mice

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (20) ◽  
pp. 11422-11424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Pichlmair ◽  
Johanna Buse ◽  
Stephanie Jennings ◽  
Otto Haller ◽  
Georg Kochs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Wild Mice ◽  
Effector Molecules ◽  
Conventional Animal ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Virus Mutant ◽  
Interferon Antagonists

ABSTRACT The Thogoto virus ML protein suppresses interferon synthesis in infected cells. Nevertheless, a virus mutant lacking ML remained highly pathogenic in standard laboratory mice. It was strongly attenuated, however, in mice carrying the interferon-responsive Mx1 gene found in wild mice, demonstrating that enhanced interferon synthesis is protective only if appropriate antiviral effector molecules are present. Our study shows that the virulence-enhancing effects of some viral interferon antagonists may escape detection in conventional animal models.

Sex differences in the emotional behaviour of laboratory mice

1977 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN ARCHER
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Emotional Behaviour

Sex differences in forced-swim and open-field test behaviours after chronic administration of melatonin

2000 ◽  
Vol 402 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori A Brotto ◽  
Alasdair M Barr ◽  
Boris B Gorzalka
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Forced Swim

scholarly journals Submitted as a Research Report to Biology of Sex Differences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Grimm ◽  
Katherine North ◽  
Madeleine Hopkins ◽  
Kyle Jiganti ◽  
Alex McCoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
D1 Receptor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Saccharin Preference ◽  
Schedules Of Reinforcement ◽  
Clinical Model

Abstract Background: There are sex differences in addiction behaviors. To develop a pre-clinical animal model to investigate this, the present study examined sex differences in sucrose taking and seeking using LongEvans rats. Methods: Five experiments were conducted using separate groups of subjects. The first two examined sucrose or saccharin preference in two-bottle home cage choice tests. Experiment three assessed sucrose intake in a binge model with sucrose available in home cage bottles. Experiments four and five utilized operant-based procedures. In Experiment four rats responded for sucrose on fixed and progressive ratio (FR, PR) schedules of reinforcement over a range of concentrations of sucrose. A final component of experiment four was measuring seeking in the absence of sucrose challenged with the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390. Experiment five assessed responding for water on FR and PR schedules of reinforcement. Results: When accounting for body weight, female rats consumed more sucrose than water; but there was no sex difference in saccharin preference over a range of saccharin concentrations. When accounting for body weight, females consumed more sucrose than males in the binge model, and only females increased binge intake over the 14 days of the study. Females responded at higher rates for sucrose under both FR and PR schedules of reinforcement. Females responded at higher rates in extinction (seeking); SCH23390 reduced sucrose seeking of both females and males. Females responded at higher rates for water on FR and PR schedules than males, although rates of responding were low and decreased over sessions. Conclusions: Across bottle-choice, binge intake, and operant procedures, female Long-Evans rats consumed more sucrose and responded at higher rates for sucrose. Although females also responded more for water, the vigor of responding did not explain the consistent sex difference in sucrose taking and seeking. The sex difference in sucrose taking was also not explained by sweet preference, as there was no sex difference in saccharin preference. These data corroborate with findings of sex differences in addiction behaviors in humans, providing a pre-clinical model to further evaluate sex differences in these behaviors and manipulations designed to reduce them.

scholarly journals Sex differences in sucrose reinforcement in Long-Evans rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Grimm ◽  
Katherine North ◽  
Madeleine Hopkins ◽  
Kyle Jiganti ◽  
Alex McCoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
D1 Receptor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Saccharin Preference ◽  
Schedules Of Reinforcement ◽  
Clinical Model ◽  
Long Evans

Abstract Background There are sex differences in addiction behaviors. To develop a pre-clinical animal model to investigate this, the present study examined sex differences in sucrose taking and seeking using Long-Evans rats. Methods Five experiments were conducted using separate groups of subjects. The first two examined sucrose or saccharin preference in two-bottle home cage choice tests. Experiment three assessed sucrose intake in a binge model with sucrose available in home cage bottles. Experiments four and five utilized operant-based procedures. In experiment four rats responded for sucrose on fixed and progressive ratio (FR, PR) schedules of reinforcement over a range of concentrations of sucrose. A final component of experiment four was measuring seeking in the absence of sucrose challenged with the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390. Experiment five assessed responding for water on FR and PR schedules of reinforcement. Results When accounting for body weight, female rats consumed more sucrose than water; but there was no sex difference in saccharin preference over a range of saccharin concentrations. When accounting for body weight, females consumed more sucrose than males in the binge model, and only females increased binge intake over 14 days of the study. Females responded at higher rates for sucrose under both FR and PR schedules of reinforcement. Females responded at higher rates in extinction (seeking); SCH23390 reduced sucrose seeking of both females and males. Females responded at higher rates for water on FR and PR schedules than males, although rates of responding were low and decreased over sessions. Conclusions Across bottle-choice, binge intake, and operant procedures, female Long-Evans rats consumed more sucrose and responded at higher rates for sucrose. Although females also responded more for water, the vigor of responding did not explain the consistent sex difference in sucrose taking and seeking. The sex difference in sucrose taking was also not explained by sweet preference, as there was no sex difference in saccharin preference. These data provide a pre-clinical model to further evaluate sex differences in addiction behaviors and manipulations designed to reduce them.

scholarly journals Androgen regulation of bowel function in mice and humans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella Rastelli ◽  
Ariel Robinson ◽  
Lynley T. Matthews ◽  
Kristina Perez ◽  
William Dan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Bowel Function ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Digestive Disorder ◽  
Irritable Bowel

SummaryMany digestive disorders have prominent sex differences in incidence, symptomatology, and treatment response that are not well understood. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), for example, affects approximately 10% of the population worldwide and tends to have different manifestations in males and females. Androgens are steroid hormones present at much higher levels in post-pubertal males than females and could be involved in these sex differences, but their normal functions in the bowel are largely unknown. Here, we show that gonadal androgens are required for normal gastrointestinal motility in vivo. In the healthy mouse gut, we detected androgen receptors in smooth muscle cells and a subset of enteric neurons. Surgical or genetic disruption of androgen signaling in adult mice selectively and reversibly altered colonic motility by affecting neurons rather than smooth muscle. To determine if androgens also influence human bowel function, we measured androgen levels in 208 adults with IBS. Free testosterone levels were lower in patients with IBS compared to healthy controls and inversely correlated with symptom severity. Taken together, these observations establish a role for androgens in the regulation of colonic motility and link altered androgen signaling with a common digestive disorder. These findings advance the fundamental understanding of gut motility, with implications for normal aging and disorders involving the gut-brain axis.

scholarly journals A Mouse-Adapted SARS-CoV-2 Induces Acute Lung Injury and Mortality in Standard Laboratory Mice

Cell ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 1070-1085.e12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Leist ◽  
Kenneth H. Dinnon ◽  
Alexandra Schäfer ◽  
Longping V. Tse ◽  
Kenichi Okuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Mice

An examination of nest-building behaviour using five different nesting materials in C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-477
Author(s):  
B Obermueller ◽  
C Castellani ◽  
H Till ◽  
B Reininger-Gutmann ◽  
G Singer
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Female Pair ◽  
Building Behaviour

The aim of our study was to assess the nest-building behaviour of two mouse (Mus musculus) strains using different nesting materials and examine possible sex- and housing-specific effects. Adult mice of two strains (C57BL/6J; n = 64 and BALB/cAnNCrl; n = 99) were randomly allocated to the following housing groups: single-housed male, single-housed female, pair-housed male and pair-housed female. One of the following nest-building materials was placed in each home-cage in a random order: nestlets (Plexx BV, The Netherlands), cocoons (Carfil, Belgium), wooden wool, crinklets and compact (all three, Safe, Germany). The following day, nests were rated applying a nest-scoring scale ranging from 0 to 10, the nests were removed, and a different nest-building material provided. In both tested strains, nestlets achieved the highest nest-building scores when compared to the other four nest-building materials. All nest-building materials scored higher in BALB/c mice compared to C57BL/6J animals reaching statistical significance in crinklets only. Sex comparison revealed that female C57BL/6J mice only scored significantly higher using crinklets than males and BALB/c female mice were rated significantly higher using wooden wool, cocoons and compact than their male counterparts. While pair-housed C57BL/6J animals built higher-rated nests than single-housed mice in the C57BL/6J strain in all five materials tested, the scores were not significantly different in the BALB/c strain. Results of the present study reveal significant strain-, sex- and housing-related influences on the complexity of nests using different standardised building materials. Such observations need to be taken into account when planning the optimal enrichment programme for laboratory animals.

scholarly journals Age and sex differences in genome damage between prepubertal and adult mice after exposure to ionising radiation

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranko Stojković ◽  
Aleksandra Fucic ◽  
Dušica Ivanković ◽  
Zoran Jukić ◽  
Petra Radulović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Genome Damage ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract The mechanisms that lead to sex and age differences in biological responses to exposure to ionising radiation and related health risks have still not been investigated to a satisfactory extent. The significance of sex hormones in the aetiology of radiogenic cancer types requires a better understanding of the mechanisms involved, especially during organism development. The aim of this study was to show age and sex differences in genome damage between prepubertal and adult mice after single exposure to gamma radiation. Genome damage was measured 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after exposure of 3-week and 12-week old BALB/CJ mice to 8 Gy of gamma radiation using an in vivo micronucleus assay. There was a significantly higher genome damage in prepubertal than in adult animals of both sexes for all sampling times. Irradiation caused a higher frequency of micronuclei in males of both age groups. Our study confirms sex differences in the susceptibility to effects of ionising radiation in mice and is the first to show that such a difference occurs already at prepubertal age.

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