scholarly journals Structure, Building Envelop and Form integration in Architecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaibu Bala Garba
Keyword(s):  
Structure Building ◽  
Building Envelop

Approaches for Analysing Norm Relationships

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
International Law ◽  
Structure Building ◽  
Analytical Structure ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
Logical Order ◽  
International Law Commission ◽  
Rule Systems ◽  
Law Commission

This chapter discusses conflict-resolution tools and develops an analytical structure building on rules and principles in international intellectual property (IP) treaties, other rule-systems, and general international law to define norm relationships of interpretation and of conflict. Several tools are taken from the ‘toolbox’ developed in the Fragmentation Report of the International Law Commission and other fragmentation literature. Depending on the type of relationship at stake, the most appropriate legal tools to address them may vary. The ILC Report and Conclusions provide for some of the tools and to some extent for an analytical structure, a logical order for examining these relationships. As the chapter shows, for some types of legal relations other approaches are more adequate. They hence complement the ILC principles and need to be integrated in the set of tools available.

scholarly journals The evolution of hierarchical structure building capacity for language and music: a bottom-up perspective

Primates ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rie Asano
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Building Capacity ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Structure Building ◽  
Language And Music ◽  
Directed Action ◽  
Brain Architecture ◽  
The Brain

AbstractA central property of human language is its hierarchical structure. Humans can flexibly combine elements to build a hierarchical structure expressing rich semantics. A hierarchical structure is also considered as playing a key role in many other human cognitive domains. In music, auditory-motor events are combined into hierarchical pitch and/or rhythm structure expressing affect. How did such a hierarchical structure building capacity evolve? This paper investigates this question from a bottom-up perspective based on a set of action-related components as a shared basis underlying cognitive capacities of nonhuman primates and humans. Especially, I argue that the evolution of hierarchical structure building capacity for language and music is tractable for comparative evolutionary study once we focus on the gradual elaboration of shared brain architecture: the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits for hierarchical control of goal-directed action and the dorsal pathways for hierarchical internal models. I suggest that this gradual elaboration of the action-related brain architecture in the context of vocal control and tool-making went hand in hand with amplification of working memory, and made the brain ready for hierarchical structure building in language and music.

SECOND LANGUAGE SYNTAX: A GENERATIVE INTRODUCTION. Roger Hawkins. Oxford: Blackwell, 2001. Pp. xviii + 386. $41.95 paper.

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-494
Author(s):  
Silvina Montrul
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Modulated Structure ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Introductory Textbook ◽  
Syntactic Knowledge ◽  
Structure Building ◽  
L2 Development

This book is intended as an introduction both to the principles and parameters framework (Chomsky, 1981) and to the second language (L2) acquisition of syntactic representations. Hawkins's basic aim is to present evidence for the view that L2 learners progressively build subconscious mental grammars (i.e., a syntactic system) guided by Universal Grammar—an innate, language-specific system. However, this volume is not just an introductory textbook presenting and summarizing the work of other researchers in this particular field. Indeed, the book has another major aim: Within the context of the most current debates on the L2 acquisition of syntactic knowledge, Hawkins introduces his own theory of L2 development, which he terms Modulated Structure Building.

scholarly journals Analysis of Porous Structure in Autoclaved Materials Modified by Glass Sand

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Anna Stepien
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Structure Building ◽  
Acoustic Insulation ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
Glass Sand ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
Wall Construction ◽  
Dominant Phase

This paper describes the use of glass sand in the production of autoclaved bricks. Traditional autoclaved materials consist of SiO2, CaO, and H2O. The purpose of the tests is to analyze the possibility of using glass sand in autoclaved materials and to determine their properties and durability. Depending on the structure, building materials can have porosities ranging from 0% (glass, metals) to over 90% (thermal insulation materials such as aerated concrete). Porosity of materials is directly related to the strength of materials and their density, and further to the thermal and acoustic insulation properties of products used especially for external wall construction, i.e., bricks, concrete, and aerated concrete. This type of silicate brick is formed at a temperature of 203 °C, therefore the dominant phase forming the microstructure is tobermorite, in contrast to the C-S-H phase, which dominates in concretes and which is characterized by a larger specific surface. The nature of pores, their number, appearance and arrangement in the material can be studied using computer techniques (SEM, XRD, computed tomography, porosimetry). Computed tomography (micro-CT analysis) showed that the number of voids in the material modified by glass sand is about 20% in relation to the weight of the product. The density of the product with glass sand was determined to be 2.2 kg/dm3.

Analysis of the Effect of Super-Structure’s Stiffness on Foundation’s Uneven Settlement

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 1690-1693
Author(s):  
Da Chuan Chen ◽  
Ri Xin Liu ◽  
Deng Ke Li
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structure ◽  
Masonry Structure ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Rc Frame ◽  
Structure Building ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Bottom Frame

The bottom-frame structure is a kind of small bay masonry structure building with large bay RC frame in bottom[1], it is widely exists near streets in China because of the economy and applicability. But for the poor correspondence capacity for foundation’s deformation, it is easily be damaged for this kind of building in uneven settlement. It can provides theoretical support for design and strengthening works of such kind of structure buildings by analyzing the relation between superstructure’s stiffness and settlement of foundations, which has practical significance. For the complexity of stress of the composite structure, ANSYS is used in this analysis. A strengthening project based on this theory is introduced in the end, it validates the feasibility of the conclusion.

scholarly journals Decoupled taxonomic and ecological recoveries from the Permo-Triassic extinction

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. eaat5091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijun Song ◽  
Paul B. Wignall ◽  
Alexander M. Dunhill
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Structure Building

The Permian-Triassic mass extinction was the worst crisis faced by life; it killed >90% of marine species in less than 0.1 million years (Ma). However, knowledge of its macroecological impact over prolonged time scales is limited. We show that marine ecosystems dominated by non-motile animals shifted to ones dominated by nektonic groups after the extinction. In Triassic oceans, animals at high trophic levels recovered faster than those at lower levels. The top-down rebuilding of marine ecosystems was still underway in the latest Triassic, ~50 Ma after the extinction, and contrasts with the ~5-Ma recovery required for taxonomic diversity. The decoupling between taxonomic and ecological recoveries suggests that a process of vacant niche filling before reaching the maximum environmental carrying capacity is independent of ecosystem structure building.

The Modern Timber-Structure Building from the Perspective of Tectonic

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 2265-2268
Author(s):  
Shuang Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Timber Structure ◽  
Architecture Design ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Structural System ◽  
The Real ◽  
Structure Building ◽  
Real Material

Modern architecture design lays more emphasis on the authenticity and regionality of the building.The basic tectonic principles are the real material performance and real construction expression. Architecture artistic is based on the internal expressive force of the structural system. And the logicality of building structure is given the inner beauty of architectural image. Modern timber-structure building is breaking the fetter of formalism in the aspect of structure performance. Its tectonic methods are making the positive exploration in terms of the architectural context inheritance.

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