scholarly journals APPLICATIONS OF ACTIVATED CARBON IN WASTE WATER TREATMENT AS A LOW COST MEDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 210-217
Author(s):  
R.P.K. Dasanayaka
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment

scholarly journals A review on bioflocculation using microalgae for nutrient removal from waste water.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Swathy Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Excellent Candidate ◽  
Conventional Methods

In recent decades, the eutrophication of surface water has become a major environmental concern. Increased concentration of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous lead to eutrophication condition which highlights the demand for effective and economical methods of removing nitrogen and phosphorous from waste water. Bio flocculation using microalgae is an excellent candidate for satisfying the dual purpose of nutrient removal and waste water treatment. It has so many advantages over conventional methods such as toxic free, no chemical is needed, low cost etc. In this review the bio flocculation of microalgae, its mechanisms, applications and harvesting methods are discussed. Keywords: Bio flocculation, microalgae, nutrient removal, waste water treatment  

scholarly journals Removal of Methylene Blue from Waste Water Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Rice Husk

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arifur Rahman ◽  
S. M. Ruhul Amin ◽  
A. M. Shafiqul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Blue Dye

The possible utilization of rice husk activated carbon as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions has been investigated. In this study, activated carbons, prepared from low-cost rice husk by sulfuric acid and zinc chloride activation, were used as the adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue, a basic dye, from aqueous solutions. Effects of various experimental parameters, such as adsorbent dosage and particle size, initial dye concentration, pH and flow rate were investigated in column process. The maximum uptakes of methylene blue by activated rice husk carbon at optimized conditions (particle sizes: 140 ?m; Flow rate: 1.4 mL/min; pH: 10.0; initial volume of methylene blue: 50 mL and initial concentration of methylene blue: 4.0 mg/L etc.) were found to 97.15%. The results indicate that activated carbon of rice husk could be employed as low-cost alternatives to commercial activated carbon in waste water treatment for the removal of basic dyes. This low cost and effective removal method may provide a promising solution for the removal of crystal violet dye from wastewater.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11491 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 185-189, 2012 (July)

scholarly journals Metal Oxide and Activated Carbon as Photocatalyst for Waste Water Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 557 ◽  
pp. 012066
Author(s):  
Suhaibatul Aslamiyah Abdul Shukor ◽  
Rosniza Hamzah ◽  
Mohamad Abu Bakar ◽  
N Z Noriman ◽  
Awad A. Al-Rashdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Waste Water Treatment

scholarly journals PENERAPAN ELEKTROOSMOSIS UNTUK PENGERINGAN SLUDGE DARI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR

REAKTOR ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Darmawan Darmawan ◽  
Dyah Tjahyandari Suryaningtyas ◽  
Juniska Muria Sariningpuri
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel Cathode ◽  
Steel Cathode ◽  
Semi Solid

APPLICATION OF ELECTROOSMOSIS FOR DEWATERING OF SLUDGE FROM WASTE WATER TREATMENT. Wastewater treatment produces semi-solid residue (sludge) that must be handled carefully during dumping and discharge to avoid polluting the environment. A low cost and easy treatment of dewatering is needed. This research aimed to apply electroosmosis technique for dewatering sludge in order to seek for parameters that can efficiently reduce water content of sludge, including range of voltage, type of electrodes, and distance between electrodes; and to determine the effect of electroosmosis processes on changes of chemical characteristics of sludge. The results showed that: (1) electroosmosis dewatering occurred on the sludge taken from waste water treatment of landfill but not on sludge from water purification plant (PDAM), (2) direct current voltage of 30 volts was the optimum voltage, (3) copper rod cathode provided electroosmosis process as good as stainless steel cathode and both were better than the woven stainless steel cathode, (4) the dewatering time to reduce 1200% (w/w) water content to about 400% was about 40 hours for sludge of 2500 cm3 in volume (laboratory bench scale), (5) the anode need to reinserted gradually approaching the cathode due to current lost when the water content at the anode point reached 400% and sludge at the point shrink, and (6) some chemical elements in the sludge decreased significantly after treatment. Pengolahan limbah cair menghasilkan residu berupa bahan semi padat yang dikenal sebagai sludge. Sludge tersebut juga perlu dikelola penyimpanan dan pembuangannya agar tidak mencemari lingkungan. Salah satu pengelolaan sludge yang perlu dilakukan adalah pengeringan (dewatering). Salahsatu teknik dewatering yang mungkin diterapkan ialah teknik elektroosmosis, yaitu teknik yang memanfaatkan adanya pergerakan air pada media poros di dalam medan istrik searah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari parameter sistem dewatering secara elektroosmosis yang dapat menurunkan kadar air sludge paling efisien dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh elektroosmosis terhadap karakteristik kimia sludge. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pengeringan sludge terjadi pada jenis sludge IPAL TPA namun tidak pada jenis lumpur PDAM; (2) tegangan listrik searah sekitar 30 volt merupakan tegangan optimum; (3) katoda batang tembaga menghasilkan proses elektroosmosis yang sebanding katoda batang stainless steel dan lebih baik dibanding katoda stainless steel anyam; (4) waktu pengeringan dari kadar air awal 1200% (b/b) hingga kadar air akhir sekitar 400% untuk volume sludge 2500 cm3 (skala laboratorium) sekitar 40 jam; (5) anoda perlu dipindahkan secara bertahap mendekati katoda karena arus terputus pada saat sludge di titik anoda mencapai kadar air sekitar 400% dan mengalami pengerutan; dan (6) kadar beberapa unsur kimia dalam sludge menurun secara signifikan setelah perlakuan.

Low-Cost and Low-Energy Wastewater Treatment Systems: A South African Perspective

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Batchelor ◽  
R. Bocarro ◽  
P. J. Pybus
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Water Treatment System ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
African Perspective ◽  
Capital Construction

An overview of waste-water treatment alternatives in South Africa is presented. A comparison of the capital, operating and maintenance costs of biological filters, bio-discs, stabilisation ponds and an extended-aeration-actiyated sludge system suggest that stabilization ponds may be regarded as a low cost, low energy waste-water treatment system. However, in some instances, due to legal and land requirements they are not appropriate. In these instances a number of interacting factors play a role in determining the lowest cost option. The capital construction and operating costs of constructed wetlands are similar to those of stabilisation ponds but due to lack of full scale operational information they are not yet widely used as a waste-water treatment system.

A Low-Cost and High-Efficiency Solution for Sugar Factory Waste Water Treatment

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. von der Emde ◽  
H. Kroiss
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Treated Effluent

The main goals for the design of waste water treatment plants are high efficiency, high operational reliability and minimal costs. The challenge to have very low investment costs especially exists for industrial plants which are only in operation for several months every year as e.g. in the beet sugar industry in Central Europe. A case study of an Austrian sugar factory treatment plant shows that using very simple and low-cost structures does not affect the efficiency of the treatment. This factory is also one of the rare cases where biologically treated effluent is recirculated to reduce fresh water consumption. Special emphasis is put on the start-up process, the influence of shock loadings in the influent, and design and operation of the plant.

Methodological trends in preparation of activated carbon from local sources and their impacts on production: A review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Gas Separation ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Adsorption ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
Adsorption Rates

Activated carbon, also known as activated charcoal, which is crude form of graphite, substance which is used lead pencils. Activated carbon is widely used in dye removal and also has other applications. Activated carbon has high surface area, adsorption capacity, and high adsorption rates from the gas or liquid phases. Activated carbon is also used in air purification, chromatography, energy storage, electrode materials for li-ion batteries biosensors, hydrogen storage, immobilizing the biomolecules. Therefore, activated carbon has wide applications. It is used in gas separation, solvents recovery and as catalyst. It is also used in waste-water treatment plants to remove the organic pollutants from the drinking water. For most of these applications, activated carbon is prepared from many resources by implementation of different chemical methods. The Activated carbon can also be prepared by different raw carbon resources like lignite, peat, unburnt coal and biomass wastes such as wood, sawdust, sugar cane bagasse, coconut shell, coffee beans, oil-palm stone, and Rice husk. Ligno-cellulosic waste materials, paulownia wood, pomegranate seeds, cattail, olive-tree, jatropha hull, bamboo, orange peel, thevetia peruviana, ramie, grape stalk, pine apple waste biomass, and almond shell. Activated carbon is also produced by pyrolysis of physic nut waste. Activated Carbon, prepared from all these sources, have high surface area, adsorption capacity, high adsorption rates for liquid gas separation, adsorption. Activated Carbon is widely used in waste water treatment to remove the pollutants. This review explores some of methods to prepare the activated carbon from different local sources reported by many researchers in recent years.

Development of a Model System for Participatory Community Waste Water Treatment Using Low-cost, Space-saving Technology in Densely Populated Area of Yogyakarta Special Province

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tanaka ◽  
H. Soejarwo ◽  
A. Soejarwo
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Model System ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Populated Area ◽  
Space Saving ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors

A model system for participatory communal waste water treatment system was developed in densely populated area of Yogyakarta special province. After the community member's awareness for sanitation and motivation for the system was developed, affordable technology was carefully selected. As the community member's income was low and the available space for the system was very limited, rotating biological contactors with three dimensional lattice media was selected. The technology was also characterized with easiness of operation. After short training of operation and maintenance, the system has been continuously operated by community members with their own expense.

Intensification of Activated Sludge Waste Water Treatment

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Donáth-Jobbágy ◽  
J. Káimán ◽  
R. Hajós
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Reactor Volume ◽  
Sludge Waste

The efficiency of two possible intensification methods of activated sludge waste water treatment (pure oxygen activation and activated carbon addition) were compared. Experiments were carried out in laboratory scale equipment with variable reactor volume (maximum capacity 20,0 dm3, settling tank vol. 15 dm3). In order to detect even minor differences, we operated completely identical units in parallel runs, with one representing a traditional system as reference. A model sewage of industrial character, diluted milk, was used as influent and in the course of activated carbon intensification experiments an anion-active detergent was added as a poorly biodegradable model material to be removed mainly by adsorption. Reactor loads were gradually increased - from low values to overloading - by decreasing the dilution of milk or by reducing reactor volume. The effects of different intensification methods on the effluent pollution level (COD value and anion-active detergent content) and on the settling properties of sludge were examined as a function of loading. The efficiency of both intensification methods was found to be increasing with increasing loading. Comparison of the two systems showed activated carbon intensification to be more efficient in the removal of soluble COD and extremely useful in the elimination of a poorly biodegradable material.

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