scholarly journals COMMENTS ON THE GRAZING MANAGEMENT SESSION

1984 ◽  
pp. 207-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Research Environment ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Better Than

This collection of papers does four significant things: 1. It concentrates on hill country. 2. Precisely defines the research environment in pasture levels and animal production terms. One can clearly see the consequences in animal production at different times of the year when pre-grazing and residual herbage levels are defined and varied and to see the effects of different grazing systems at these pasture levels. Much better than high vs low stocking rates. 3. Attempts to set pature targets as well as animal production targets. 4. Defines critical pasture DM levels both below which pasture production is reduced, and above which control is lost. The proximity to these critical levels will, for a farmer, more precisely define the grazing management system he should adopt and the levels of animal production he should be able to achieve

Grazed pasture parameters. III. Relationships of pasture and animal parameters in, and general discussion of a stocking rate and grazing management experiment with dairy cows

1966 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Management System ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Stocking Rates

1. Pasture parameters have been correlated with animal production parameters from a trial in which two management systems (‘controlled’ and ‘uncontrolled’ grazing), each at two stocking rates (0.95 and 1.19 cows/acre), were compared.2. Per acre butterfat production was positively related to percentage utilization of available D.M., but negatively related to yield of available D.M.3. Per cow butterfat production was significantly and positively correlated with yield of available D.M. in the two months after calving (August and September) and in the penultimate month of lacta-tion (April), but this correlation was not significant in other months.4. It is concluded that management system was as important as stocking rate in increasing the utilization of pasture and animal production from pasture.

scholarly journals HILL COUNTRY GRAZlNG MANAGEMENT

1976 ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Smith ◽  
A.D. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Grazing Systems

Conditions that warrant the development of a new approach to hill country grazing management are outlined. The effect of three grazing systems on pasture growth and species composition is discussed. Livestock feed requirements are related to pasture production. An action calendar shows the modifications to the grazing system which allows better exploitation of the pasture and stock potential. Finally, results of the adoption of the recommended grazing systems are given.

Management of grazing systems

1989 ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Stocking Rates

Recent assessments of the relative importance of stocking rate. stocking policy and grazing management on the output from pastoral systems are used as a starting point to argue the need for objective pasture assessments to aid control of livestock enterprises to meet production targets. Variations in stocking rates, stocking policy and other management practices all provide alternative means of control of pasture conditions which are the major determinants of pasture and animal performance. Understanding of the influence of pasture conditions on systems performance should provide a better basis for management control and for Communication between farmers, extension officers and researchers. Keywords: Stocking rate, pasture condition, pasture cover

scholarly journals CRITICAL INPUTS INTO GISBORNE HILL COUNTRY

1984 ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
M.J. Fitzharris ◽  
D.F. Wright
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Management Study ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
The Future ◽  
Farm Profit ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Practical Implications

The results of an analysis of four years data, 1975/76-1978/79, from a farm management study of Gisborne-East Coast hill country farms were presented at the 1980 Grasslands Conference. Analysis of three more years data, 1979/80-1981/82, essentially confirms the association of fencing and fertiliser with high levels of animal production. Recent escalating costs of fertiliser have cast doubts on its profitability. High stocking rates (usually beyond 12 su/ha) and high proportions of cattle (usually up to 50% of su) have emerged as other factors consistently associated with greater productivity and frequently with profitability. It is suggested that manipulation of these factors would be worthy of farmers consideration. The practical implications for the future of these findings are discussed. Keywords: Farm production, farm profit, Gisborne hill country

Better management of intensive rotational grazing systems maintains pastures and improves animal performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Badgery ◽  
G. Millar ◽  
K. Broadfoot ◽  
J. Martin ◽  
D. Pottie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Faecal Analysis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Utilisation Data ◽  
Stocking Rates

Grazing management has been identified as a means of increasing livestock production and improving the composition of perennial pastures. The benefits of intensive rotational grazing have been the subject of much debate, but few studies have evaluated contrasting management of intensive rotational systems. A grazing management experiment was established on a pasture with cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L., varieties Porto and Kara) as the dominant species, to investigate different stocking rates, paddock numbers and rotation speeds, and a flexible treatment that adjusted grazing time, rest periods and stock numbers for optimal pasture utilisation. Data were collected on pasture composition and diet quality assessed by using faecal analysis, animal weight changes and pasture characteristics. Animal production per hectare was greatest for fast rotations (56 days’ rest) at high stocking rates (HStR, 13.6 dry sheep equivalents (DSE) ha–1), but continuous grazing (CG) was equally productive. Although flexible grazing based on the 3–4-leaf stage was proposed as the best balance between pasture production and quality, this treatment had lower stocking rates (9.2 DSE ha–1) and was not as productive. No treatment negatively affected pasture composition over the 4-year period. Area of bare ground was highest for the HStR CG treatment; however, the 30-paddock rotations were able to limit bare ground at the same stocking rate. The results indicated that intensive rotational grazing could be effectively managed by using green herbage allowance. In spring, green herbage allowance needed to be 1–1.5 kg green dry matter (DM) DSE–1 day–1, which increased to 5 kg green DM DSE–1 day–1 as the quality of green DM decreased, to allow selective grazing to enhance diet quality.

scholarly journals Pasture production gains from strategic winter nitrogen applications on a North Island sheep and beef hill country farm

2008 ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Puha ◽  
W.Mcg King ◽  
V.T. Burggraaf ◽  
A.H.C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Key Words Nitrogen

Inadequate pasture growth from September to November has been a major constraint on animal production at Limestone Downs, Port Waikato. In an attempt to address this, urea was applied by air in two applications per year (late autumn + winter) at rates up to 250 kg N/ha/year for each of 3 years (2004-2007). Key words: nitrogen, slope, aspect, pasture growth, fertiliser response

Limitations to animal production imposed by seasonal fluctuations in pasture and by management procedures

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stocking Rates

An experiment with Merino wethers on a Phalaris tuberosa-subterraneum clover-volunteer grass pasture has compared throughout an annual cycle the effects of: (a) Seasonal fluctuations in quantity and quality of pasture on liveweight gains and wool production in sheep. (b) Different grazing systems at equal stocking rates both on pasture growth and on liveweight and wool production in sheep. (a) Availability of dry pasture did not affect animal production so long as green pasture was present. Small increases in green pasture in the period of slow growth (winter) gave large increases in liveweight and wool production. Large increases in green pasture in the period of rapid growth (spring) had no effect on the animal. On dry pasture (summer) heavy sheep lost more weight than light sheep. Increasing the amount of dry pasture reduced liveweight loss only slightly but resulted in a greater rate of breakdown of plant material. An asymptotic relationship between availability of green pasture aid animal gain is presented, the asymptote in this instance occurring at a,pproxirnatnly 1400 lb dry matter per acre. The implications of the results are discussed with reference to methods of investigation of species, fertilizers, end management procedures aimed at 01-ercoming pasture limitations to animal production. The validity of investigations which do not take into account the relative constancy of grazing pressure throughout the year, and the continuing effects of plant on animal and animal on plant, is questioned. (b) Regardless of the degree to which pastures had been checked by grazing in spring, all dried out simultaneously on the onset of summer, and all sheep on all treatments reached their peak liveweight turning point on approximately the same date. Less than one-third of the liveweight gain potential of the pasture was attained on any one of the three grazing systems. The mean amounts of the individual pasture components, and of the total weight of pasture, were identical at any one time under the three grazing systems. The closer the systems approached towards continuous grazing the greater were the liveweight gains and wool production.

Methane production by steers on pasture

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. McCaughey ◽  
K. Wittenberg ◽  
D. Corrigan
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Sulphur Hexafluoride ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Stocking Rates

In order to determine the quantity of methane (CH4) produced by steers on pasture, 16 steers with a mean weight of 356 ± 25 kg were randomly selected from a larger group of cattle (n = 48) to evaluate the effects of grazing management and monensin controlled release capsule (CRC) administration on ruminal CH4 production using the sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer-gas technique. Pasture management treatments consisted of two grazing systems (continuous stocking or 10-paddock rotational stocking) at each of two stocking rates (low, 1.1 steer ha−1 or high, 2.2 steers ha−1) with two replications of each pasture treatment. Half of the animals on each pasture treatment were administered a monensin CRC delivering 270 mg d−1, and untreated animals served as controls. During the 140-d grazing season, one steer from each treatment-replicate combination was sampled to determine daily intake and CH4 production on four occasions. The chemical composition of diets differed between grazing management treatments and sampling periods. Voluntary intake and CH4 production, adjusted for differences in body weight, were unaffected by grazing management, sampling period or by monensin CRC administration and averaged 0.69 ± 0.1 L kg BW−1 d−1 across all grazing management treatments. The energy lost through eructation of CH4 averaged 4.5 ± 1.4% of gross energy intake. Key words: Methane, cattle, environment, digestion efficiency, pasture, forage

scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF HILL COUNTRY FARMING IN THE KING COUNTRY

1973 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
P.G. Yeoman
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Stocking Rates

The evidence available on pasture production in the King Country is reviewed and compared with stock requirements. A potential carrying capacity of 19 stock units/ha in the Waitomo County is estimated. It is shown that, when product prices are high, the economic optimum stocking rate is near the point beyond which stock will be seriously underfed. Management techniques aimed at producing and utilizing pasture feed efficiently and also allowing flexibility in stocking rates to meet varying economic conditions are outlined.

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