scholarly journals Relationships between sheep liveweight production and dry matter yield for lucerne-based pastures in spring

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Mills ◽  
Malcolm C. Smith ◽  
Derrick J. Moot
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Grazing Experiment ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Block Experiment

A five-year dryland grazing experiment explored the relationship between sheep liveweight (LWt) production and dry matter (DM) yield of lucerne-based pastures in spring. In 2011, a randomised complete block experiment with a lucerne monoculture, a lucerne/brome mix and a lucerne/cocksfoot mix were established at Ashley Dene, Canterbury and replicated six times. Pastures were managed under dryland conditions. Ewes with twin lambs at foot grazed in spring and LWt production, DM yield and botanical composition were quantified.Regression analysis showed total DM feed on offer accounted for only 11% of the observed variation in spring LWt production. Subsequent analysis of the botanical composition of the three pastures showed total feed on offer in spring was unaffected by pasture treatment in four out of five years. However, yield of the lucerne component on offer was 77–230% greater in the monoculture than the mixes in Years 3–5. Brome yields declined from Year 3 and did not recover. By Year 5, weeds accounted for 41% of the feed on offer in spring in the lucerne/brome mix. Net spring ewe + lamb liveweight production increased at a rate equivalent to 246 kg LWt +71 kg LWt per tonne of lucerne DM on offer (R2 = 0.83). There was no effect of pasture type. Where possible lucerne should be established as a monoculture to maximise liveweight gain. A runout stand was overdrilled with a companion grass to extend the productive stand life. The loss of lucerne over time indicated renewal should be initiated within 2–3 years of oversowing to ensure LWt production is not compromised.

Discrimination in Carbon Isotopes of Leaves Correlates With Water-Use Efficiency of Field-Grown Peanut Cultivars

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Wright ◽  
KT Hubick ◽  
GD Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Variation in water-use efficiency (W, g of total dry matter produced/kg water used), and its correlation with cultivar isotope discrimination in leaves (Δ) was assessed in peanut plants grown in small canopies in the field. Plants were grown in separate minilysimeters that were both embedded in the ground and positioned above the crop. Differences among cultivars were found in W and � and the relationship between W and Δ was compared for plants grown in open and closed canopies. Genetic variability in W in plants grown in the field under non-limiting water conditions was demonstrated, with Tifton-8, of Virginia habit, having the highest W (3.71 g/kg) and Rangkasbitung, an Indonesian cultivar of Spanish habit, the lowest (2.46 g/ kg). Variability in W was due to variation in total dry matter production more than that of water use. A strong negative correlation was found between Δ and W, and also between Δ and total dry matter. The relationship between whole plant W, including roots, and Δ was stronger than that between shoot W, without roots and Δ. The improvement occurred because of variation among cultivars in the root to shoot ratio. This highlights the importance of taking account of root dry matter in studies concerning W. There were significant differences in W and Δ between plants in pots above-ground compared to pots in the ground, with above-ground plants having significantly lower values of both W and Δ. The ranking of W and Δ among cultivars was not affected by the contrast in environment, which suggests these parameters are under strong genetic control. Total above-ground dry matter yield at maturity was negatively correlated with Δ, while pod yield was not. It appears a negative association between harvest index and Δ may exist; however not all cultivars used in this and other studies follow this response. Both water-use efficiency, Wand total dry matter production are negatively correlated with Δ in leaves of peanut plants grown in small canopies in the field. Measurement of Δ may prove a useful trait for selecting cultivars with improved W and total dry matter yield under field conditions.

Effects of superphosphate application and cutting interval on native pastures in the Clarence Valley, New South Wales

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (94) ◽  
pp. 718 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Garden ◽  
DR Brooks ◽  
J Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
New South ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Cutting Interval ◽  
Native Pastures

The effects of superphosphate rate (nil; 250 kg ha-l initial with 125 kg ha-1 maintenance; and 500 kg ha-1 initial with 250 kg ha-1 maintenance) and cutting interval (2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks) on dry matter yield, growth rate, botanical composition and chemical composition of native pastures on a sandstone soil in the Clarence Valley, New South Wales were studied over a period of three years. Mean annual dry matter yield of unfertilized native pasture was 990 kg ha-l and this was increased to 1322 kg ha-1 at the higher rate of superphosphate. Dry matter yield was depressed from 1587 to 647 kg ha-1 by decreasing cutting interval from 8 weeks to 2 weeks. Pasture growth was limited to the September to May period and 87 per cent of the total annual production occurred in summer and autumn. Maximum growth occurred in the February/March period, with 16.2 kg ha-1 day-1 being the maximum recorded for the unfertilized pasture and 19.9 kg ha-1 day-1 for pasture at the higher rate of superphosphate. Changes in botanical composition were neither large nor consistent. Phosphorus content of the native pasture averaged 0.12 per cent. Crude protein content averaged 7.4 per cent, with levels in standing herbage in winter-spring falling to 3 per cent. Phosphorus yield was 1.1 kg ha-1 year-1 and crude protein yield was 65.8 kg ha-1 year-1. Superphosphate increased phosphorus content and yield, and crude protein yield. Increasing cutting interval decreased phosphorus and crude protein contents but increased phosphorus and crude protein yields by its effect on dry matter yield. Maximum yields obtained were 3.3 kg ha-1 year-1 phosphorus and 100 kg ha-1 year-1 crude protein. It was concluded that the increases obtained would be insufficient to produce worthwhile improvements in animal production, and that an increase in the legume content of these pastures is required before this could occur.

Sample size and sampling intensity in relation to the precision of small-plot herbage sward trials

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Foster ◽  
C. E. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Sampling Intensity ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Small Plot

SummeryThree sampling experiments were conducted to examine the effect of sample size and sampling intensity on the precision of dry-matter content and botanical composition estimates of perennial rye-grass-white clover herbage. One of these experiments examined the between-sample variability of these attributes and of dry-matter yield in relation to other sources of experimental error in a small-plot sward trial. The sample sizes examined were 800 g, 400 g, 200 g, 100 g, 50 g and 25 g green weight. In general the accuracy of dry-matter content and botanical composition estimates decreased with decreasing sample size. The between-sample variabilities of 25 g and 50g samples were high in relation to their between-plot variabilities. Single 100 g samples provided reasonably good estimates of these attributes and of dry-matter yield, but single 200 g samples provided a more satisfactory margin for error. Samples larger than 200 g appeared to be unnecessary. When weight-for-weight comparisons of single and duplicate samples were made there appeared to be little advantage in duplicate sampling. A theoretical examination of measurement inaccuracies inherent in the techniques used in small-plot sward trialssuggested that variation in plot length measurements in particular may make an undesirable contribution to the variability of such trials. A procedure for the conduct of small-plot trials is recommended. It is concluded that, where plot size and replication are limited, further improvement in the precision of such trials will not be readily attainable.

Effect of cadmium-contaminated soils on dry matter yield and mineral composition of raya (Brassica juncea) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sidhu ◽  
M. Khurana
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Soil Toxicity ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
The Relationship

Raya (Brassica juncea) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea), grown as leafy vegetables, are known to accumulate large amounts of heavy metals in their shoots and roots because of their high biomass and root proliferation. In a pot experiment, a sandy loam soil was polluted with cadmium (Cd) at rates of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg kg−1 soil to assess the accumulation pattern and its effect on the dry matter yield and mineral composition of these vegetables. There was a decrease in dry matter yield due to the phytotoxic effect of Cd. The rate of Cd application at which a significant decline in root and shoot dry matter yield occurred varied depending on the vegetable. It was 20 mg Cd kg−1 soil in the shoots for both crops. However, the roots of raya were found to be more tolerant of Cd toxicity than those of spinach, as is evident from the fact that a significant decline in dry matter yield occurred at 20 and 10 mg Cd kg−1 soil, respectively. Since no visual toxic symptoms were observed on the leaves of raya in any of the treatments, it is clear that the metal may accumulate in this vegetable without visual evidence of its presence. However, at application levels beyond 40 mg kg−1 soil, toxicity symptoms, in the form of interveinal chlorosis of the leaf lamina followed by necrosis and leaf rolling, were clearly evident in the case of spinach. The reduction in root and shoot growth corresponded with the amounts of extractable Cd in the soils. The total content of Cd in the crops increased gradually as the rate of applied Cd rose and the roots accumulated much higher amounts than the shoots. The relationship of Cd with Zn and Fe was synergistic in both roots and shoots at the lower rates, but antagonistic at higher Cd application rates for both the crops, while in the case of Mn and Cu, the relationship was negative and antagonistic.

scholarly journals Effect of Boron Foliar Application on Reproductive Growth of Sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Al-Amery ◽  
J. H. Hamza ◽  
M. P. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Spring Crop ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Empty Seed ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Green Leaf Area

A study was carried out to determine the response of open pollinated sunflower (Helianthus annuusL. cv. Shumos) to boron fertilizer. Spring and autumn grown plots were sprayed with boron (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg L−1) in a randomized complete block design. The results showed that boron and green Leaf area/LAI measured at the end of seed filling were linearly related in the spring crop. In the autumn crop, the relationship between boron and dry matter yield was linear, and applications above 100 mg L−1significantly increased dry matter compared to the control. For the autumn crop, 100, 200, and 250 mg L−1significantly increased seed number compared to the control, but only the 150 mg L−1treatment increased seed weight significantly. Boron tended to decrease the empty seed percentage, and for the spring crop, this was incremental and linear with applications above 150 mg L−1leading to significant reductions in empty seed percentage. Seed yield increased linearly in the autumn crop in response to boron, and 200 and 250 mg L−1applications gave significant increases in yield compared to the control.

scholarly journals Yield and botanical composition of four dryland pastures at Ashley Dene Research Farm over 8 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanna Taylor ◽  
Anna Mills ◽  
Malcolm Smith ◽  
Richard Lucas ◽  
Derrick Moot
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Spring Yield

Dry matter yield and botanical composition of four grazed dryland pasture types were compared over 8 years in summer-dry conditions at Ashley Dene, Canterbury, New Zealand. The experiment was sown in March 2013 to evaluate cocksfoot (CF)- or meadow fescue/ryegrass hybrid (RG)-based pastures established with either subterranean (Sub) or subterranean and balansa (S+B) clovers. Plantain was included in all pasture types. Perennial ryegrass established poorly on the low soil moisture holding capacity Lismore soil and in Year 2 was re-broadcast into the RG pastures. Despite this, plantain was the main sown species in RG pastures beyond Year 3. Total spring yield was greatest in Year 5 at 6720 kg DM/ha and varied with spring rainfall. Cocksfoot-based pastures had 60% of sown species present in the spring of Year 8, compared with 28% in RG-based pastures. Balansa clover was only present up to Year 5 after a managed seeding event in the first spring. White clover did not persist in the dryland environment past Year 2. Sub clover yield depended on the time and amount of autumn rainfall but contributed up to 45% of the spring yield. Cocksfoot-sub clover pastures appear to be most resilient in this summer-dry environment with variable spring rainfall.

scholarly journals CYCLING OF WINTER FORAGE NUTRIENTS UNDER INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Andressa Perini Vengen ◽  
Bruna Thaina Bartzen ◽  
Eloisa Mattei ◽  
Carlos Augusto Rocha de Moraes Rego ◽  
Jeferson Tiago Piano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Livestock Systems ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Cycling Of Nutrients ◽  
Over Time

This study aimed to evaluate the decomposition and release of nutrients from the remaining straw of two annual forage species conducted in an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS). The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in split plots, with three replicates. The managements were allocated in the plots (52 m2): without grazing, one grazing, and two grazings. Subplots were defined by material collection times after the forage’s desiccation (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after desiccation). Dry matter yield, amounts of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and half-life time were evaluated. Oat cultivar IPR Esmeralda had the highest initial dry matter yield (6,099 kg ha-1) when not grazed, while triticale cultivar IPR 111 showed the highest average values when subjected to grazing (8,088 kg ha-1). The amounts of N, P, and K released from the remaining dry matter, regardless of the management adopted, decreased over time. Potassium was the nutrient that presented the most accelerated release, with an average half-life of 14 days. When subjected to grazing, triticale is more efficient in nutrient cycling, providing 197, 38, and 231 kg ha-1 of N, P, and K, respectively, with a half-life time of 10, 37, and 25 days, respectively. Forage species can improve the cycling of nutrients and make them available to crops in succession in the ICLS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document