4. Trees, people and communities in Zimbabwe’s communal lands; Declarations of difference

This study sought to: (1) identify the types and sources of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) traded; (2) find the frequencyof the NTFPs trade and (3) identify the challenges in NTFPs trading in the Sunyani Municipality. The survey was carried outfrom February, 2014 to April, 2014 mainly at the Sunyani Central and Nana Bosoma Markets in the Sunyani Municipality. Thetarget population comprised NTFPs collectors (gatherers), sellers and consumers. Respondents were purposively sampled. Atotal of 100 respondents were engaged in this study. The NTFPs were grouped into six categories namely; food, medicine,building materials, packaging materials, artefacts and domestic utensils. Key informants’ interviews were also conducted atthe Sunyani Forest Services Division to triangulate the data already gathered. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was usedto analyze the data obtained. The study demonstrated that domestic utensils (37%), food (33%), medicinal products (12%),packaging materials (9%), artefacts (6%) and building materials (3%) were the types of NTFPs traded in the two market centers.The results also showed that majority of the respondents (77%) harvest their NTFPs from forest lands as against 23% whoharvest from communal lands. A significant proportion of the respondents (52%) traded in above 40 kg of NTFPs and only 4%were seen trading in 10 kg of NTFPs. The study further highlighted that food (28%) and domestic utensils (26%) were regularlybrought to the market centers on weekly basis whilst significant proportions of medicinal products (9%), building materials(3%) and artefacts (4%) were brought to the market venues on monthly basis. Cumbersome permit procedure (40%), increasedmarket demand (15%) and financial constraints (20%) were identified as some of the challenges encountered in NTFPs tradingin the Sunyani Municipality. To ensure strict monitoring and sustainability of the resource, there is the need for sensitizationprogramme on the importance of NTFPs in rural livelihood and why their conservation is vital in meeting the needs of thepresent generation whilst not undermining their potential in supplying the needs of future generations.

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Fit-For-Purpose Applications in Colombia: Defining Land Boundary Conflicts between Indigenous Sikuani and Neighbouring Settler Farmers

Land ◽

10.3390/land10040382 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 382

Author(s):

Laura Becerra ◽

Mathilde Molendijk ◽

Nicolas Porras ◽

Piet Spijkers ◽

Bastiaan Reydon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conflict Resolution ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Third Parties ◽

Participatory Mapping ◽

Social Cartography ◽

Land Conflicts ◽

Land Administration ◽

Fit For Purpose ◽

Communal Lands

One of the most difficult types of land-related conflict is that between Indigenous peoples and third parties, such as settler farmers or companies looking for new opportunities who are encroaching on Indigenous communal lands. Nearly 30% of Colombia’s territory is legally owned by Indigenous peoples. This article focuses on boundary conflicts between Indigenous peoples and neighbouring settler farmers in the Cumaribo municipality in Colombia. Boundary conflicts here raise fierce tensions: discrimination of the others and perceived unlawful occupation of land. At the request of Colombia’s rural cadastre (Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi (IGAC)), the Dutch cadastre (Kadaster) applied the fit-for-purpose (FFP) land administration approach in three Indigenous Sikuani reserves in Cumaribo to analyse how participatory mapping can provide a trustworthy basis for conflict resolution. The participatory FFP approach was used to map land conflicts between the reserves and the neighbouring settler farmers and to discuss possible solutions of overlapping claims with all parties involved. Both Indigenous leaders and neighbouring settler farmers measured their perceived claims in the field, after a thorough socialisation process and a social cartography session. In a public inspection, field measurements were shown, with the presence of the cadastral authority IGAC. Showing and discussing the results with all stakeholders helped to clarify the conflicts, to reduce the conflict to specific, relatively small, geographical areas, and to define concrete steps towards solutions.

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Climate change trends and environmental impacts in the Makonde Communal Lands, Zimbabwe

South African Journal of Science ◽

10.17159/sajs.2015/20140266 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 111 (7/8) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ishumael Sango ◽

◽

Nhamo Godwell ◽

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Communal Lands

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Security of tenure, development victims, and the limits of environmental impact assessment in Zimbabwe's communal lands

Development in Practice ◽

10.1080/09614529953052 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 316-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Beacon Mbiba

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Impact Assessment ◽

Environmental Impact Assessment ◽

Communal Lands

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Critical Review of Indonesian Government Legal Policies on The Conversion of Protected Forests and Communal Lands of The Indigenous Batak People around Lake Toba

PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) ◽

10.22304/pjih.v6n3.a2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 06 (03) ◽

pp. 446-465

Author(s):

Imamulhadi Imamulhadi ◽

Nia Kurniati

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Indigenous People ◽

Land Conversion ◽

Indonesian Government ◽

Protected Forests ◽

Communal Lands ◽

The Law ◽

Legal Policies ◽

Village Government ◽

United Nation

The Development Plan of Sibisa Lake Toba Tourism Area as The National Strategic Area for Tourism by performing a land conversion on protected forests and communal lands had stirred up a problem dilemma regarding the resistance from indigenous people around Toba Lake. It is crucial to be questioned, whether the conversion policy of protected forests and communal lands by the Indonesian Government to develop Sibisa Danau Toba Tourism Area is in accordance with related laws and regulations? As the answer, it can be concluded that the mentioned policy opposes: Article 18b of the 1945 Constitution; Article 15 of the Law of 2009 Number 32 on Environmental Protection and Management; Presidential Regulation Number 81 of 2014 on The Spatial Planning of Lake Toba Area; The Law of 1999 Number 39 on Human Rights; The Law of 2016 Number 6 on Village Government, and lastly, the United Nation Declaration on Human Rights of Indigenous People (UNDHRIP).

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The Concept of “Indigenous Land Tenure” Surfaces in Namibia: A Comparative Overview ‒ Agnes Kahimbi Kashela v Katima Mulilo Town Council (SA 15/2017) [2018] NASC 409 (16 November 2018)

Obiter ◽

10.17159/obiter.v42i1.11065 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 175-185

Author(s):

George Barrie

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

Land Tenure ◽

The State ◽

Traditional Authority ◽

South West ◽

The Supreme Court ◽

Communal Land ◽

South West Africa ◽

Communal Lands ◽

Indigenous Land

The facts in this case, which fell to be decided by the Supreme Court of Namibia in November 2018, can be succinctly put: in 1985, Ms Kashela’s late father was allocated a piece of land as part of communal land by the Mafwe Traditional Authority (MTA) in the Caprivi region of the then-South West Africa (now Namibia). In 1985, the Caprivi region fell under the then-South West Africa Administration. Following the independence of Namibia on 21 March 1990, all communal lands became property of the state of Namibia by virtue of section 124 of the Constitution of Namibia Act 1 of 1990, read with Schedule 5 of the Constitution. Paragraph (3) of Schedule 5 of the Constitution states that the afore-mentioned communal lands became property of the state “subject to any existing right, charge, obligation or trust existing on or over such property”.

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