Ethical Use of Informant Internet Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Michael Nycyk
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Data Use ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Privacy Laws ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Academic Publications ◽  
Reported Data

This article explores the scholarly concerns and conflicts debated by authors in the field of the use of informant internet data in research. The importance lies in informant protection and how to minimize harm to them, a long-standing cornerstone of research practice. It is also a public domain issue as increased calls for data privacy grew because of reported data breach scandals. Although not a new problem, academic researchers and university ethics boards struggle with concerns over data use and are in conflict about managing the problem. This article uses thematic analysis to identify, analyze and interpret patterns of concerns and conflicts over internet data use. Data was obtained from academic publications on these issues. Three themes from this data are discussed with examples demonstrating the types of, and complexity of, scholarly concerns and conflicts. These themes are: the problems of informant data use risks, gaining mass informed consent and the challenges ethics boards face, especially conflicts with researchers over internet data use on projects. This article contributes insights into a widely, and continuously, debated area which is constantly evolving as privacy laws and public awareness place pressure on researchers and ethics boards to address protecting informant public internet data.

Mental Health Literacy: A Strategy for Global Adolescent Mental Health Promotion

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Caroline S. Clauss-Ehlers ◽  
Maria Guevara Carpio ◽  
Mark D. Weist
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Mental Health Literacy ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Promotion ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Structural Components

Background: Adolescence is defined by key transitional elements which are considered within a cross-cultural context. The importance of building mental health capacity for adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as well as high-income countries (HICs) is reviewed. Objectives: To review the developmental period of adolescence, global needs for mental health promotion, the needs of LMICs while emphasizing building adolescent mental health capacity, and the importance of efforts to promote mental health literacy. Methods: Mental health literacy (MHL) is presented as a strategy that can increase public awareness regarding mental health issues among adolescents. Increased awareness through an MHL framework is discussed as a way to build adolescent mental health capacity; with this work ideally occurring through global communities of practice (COP), dialogue, collaboration, and mutual support that aim to build innovation in systems of mental health promotion. Results: The authors review structural components in research, practice, and policy that seek to build global adolescent mental health capacity, nested within COPs involving HICs and LMICs working together to advance mental health promotion for children, adolescents, and young people. Conclusion: The article concludes with a discussion of how the three structural components (i.e., research, practice, and policy) can address gaps in the provision of global mental health services for adolescents to meet adolescent mental health needs in LMICs and HICs. A multi-sectoral approach emphasizing a global COP is presented as a way to scale up capacity and maximize outcomes.

A Layered Approach to Jurisdiction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Jerker B. Svantesson
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Privacy Laws ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
General Data ◽  
Layered Approach ◽  
Substantive Law

This chapter observes how it may be inappropriate to apply a single jurisdictional threshold to diverse instruments such as data privacy laws. In the light of this observation, a proposal is outlined for a ‘layered approach’ under which the substantive law rules of such instruments are broken up into different layers, with different jurisdictional thresholds applied to each such layer. This layered approach is discussed primarily as a technique to be utilized in legal drafting, but it may also be applied in the interpretation and application of legal rules. Article 3 of the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation, which determines that regulation’s scope of application in a territorial sense, provides a particularly useful lens through which to approach this topic and, thus, the discussion is largely centred around that Article.

Is There a Better Option than the Data Transfer Model to Protect Data Privacy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Toy ◽  
Gehan Gunasekara
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
Choice Of Law ◽  
Privacy Laws ◽  
Data Privacy Protection ◽  
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction

The data transfer model and the accountability model, which are the dominant models for protecting the data privacy rights of citizens, have begun to present significant difficulties in regulating the online and increasingly transnational business environment. Global organisations take advantage of forum selection clauses and choice of law clauses and attention is diverted toward the data transfer model and the accountability model as a means of data privacy protection but it is impossible to have confidence that the data privacy rights of citizens are adequately protected given well known revelations regarding surveillance and the rise of technologies such as cloud computing. But forum selection and choice of law clauses no longer have the force they once seemed to have and this opens the possibility that extraterritorial jurisdiction may provide a supplementary conceptual basis for championing data privacy in the globalised context of the Internet. This article examines the current basis for extraterritorial application of data privacy laws and suggests a test for increasing their relevance.

scholarly journals Complying with Privacy Legislation: From Legal Text to Implementation of Privacy-Aware Location-Based Services

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnaz Ataei ◽  
Auriol Degbelo ◽  
Christian Kray ◽  
Vitor Santos
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Location Privacy ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Legal Text ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Privacy Laws ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
General Data

An individual’s location data is very sensitive geoinformation. While its disclosure is necessary, e.g., to provide location-based services (LBS), it also facilitates deep insights into the lives of LBS users as well as various attacks on these users. Location privacy threats can be mitigated through privacy regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which was introduced recently and harmonises data privacy laws across Europe. While the GDPR is meant to protect users’ privacy, the main problem is that it does not provide explicit guidelines for designers and developers about how to build systems that comply with it. In order to bridge this gap, we systematically analysed the legal text, carried out expert interviews, and ran a nine-week-long take-home study with four developers. We particularly focused on user-facing issues, as these have received little attention compared to technical issues. Our main contributions are a list of aspects from the legal text of the GDPR that can be tackled at the user interface level and a set of guidelines on how to realise this. Our results can help service providers, designers and developers of applications dealing with location information from human users to comply with the GDPR.

Informed consent in de etnografische veldwerkpraktijk

KWALON ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Heyse
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Deep Waters

Informed consent in ethnographic research practice. Deep waters between macro ethical regulation and micro ethical fieldwork dilemmas Informed consent in ethnographic research practice. Deep waters between macro ethical regulation and micro ethical fieldwork dilemmas Drawing on my experiences of nine months of ethnographical fieldwork in an international matchmaking agency in Saint-Petersburg (Russia), I show how the negotiation of ‘informed consent’ in practice differs from ‘informed consent’ procedures of universities’ and research funds’ ethical review boards. Evidence in my case study contributes to existing debates that question the applicability in ethnography of consent rituals that are common in (bio)medical and psychological sciences. These ‘informed consent’ protocols have been criticized to be insufficiently empirically grounded in the ethnographical fieldwork practice. My tale from the field offers empirical evidence for a further conceptual refinement of a process-based approach to consent negotiations. I both provide recommendations for an adaptation of ethical regulations on a macro level and for a more reflexive consent negotiation in the situated ethnographic fieldwork practice.

Analysis of the US Privacy Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1818-1825
Author(s):  
Francisco García Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Privacy Laws ◽  
The Us ◽  
General Data ◽  
State Of Art

The creation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) constituted an enormous advance in data privacy, empowering the online consumers, who were doomed to the complete loss of control of their personal information. Although it may first seem that it only affects companies within the European Union, the regulation clearly states that every company who has businesses in the EU must be compliant with the GDPR. Other non-EU countries, like the United States, have seen the benefits of the GDPR and are already developing their own privacy laws. In this article, the most important updates introduced by the GDPR concerning US corporations will be discussed, as well as how American companies can become compliant with the regulation. Besides, a comparison between the GDPR and the state of art of privacy in the US will be presented, highlighting similarities and disparities at the national level and in states of particular interest.

scholarly journals Shadow health records meet new data privacy laws

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 363 (6426) ◽  
pp. 448-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Nicholson Price ◽  
Margot E. Kaminski ◽  
Timo Minssen ◽  
Kayte Spector-Bagdady
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Privacy Laws
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