Philip Roth’s Kinds of Writing

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Philip Roth ◽  
New Yorker ◽  
Times Square ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Implicit Power

This chapter explores The New Yorker's distinctive relationship with the Manhattan cityscape within which it was conceived and produced. It suggests ways in which both the magazine's treatments of the value of readable social indicators, and the larger cultural cachet of the magazine itself in the 1950s and 1960s, offered the young Philip Roth an early engagement with ideas that were to become defining imaginative preoccupations across his fictional and critical oeuvre, from Goodbye, Columbus to Nemesis. The chapter shows how there remains an important difference between textual cityscapes and Times Square in the middle of the twentieth century. Reading a nineteenth-century poster or a handbill may have been fascinating or disorientating to a passerby, but for the most part, the implicit power relationship of conventional reading would not have been challenged.

African Nationalism in South Africa: Origins and Problems

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donovan Williams
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Port Elizabeth ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
African Nationalism

Many of the characteristic strains of African Nationalism in South Africa, as were manifest during its peak in the 1950s, may be traced back to the historical situation on the Eastern Frontier of the Cape Colony in the early nineteenth century. In the twentieth century, the Port Elizabeth–East London–Alice triangle remained a highly significant area for nationalist ideas and action, and this derived from the effects on the Xhosa of the Black–White confrontation which began here 150 years earlier. In the early part of the nineteenth century the fundamental competition for land and cattle led to White military and missionary actions which, coupled with the preaching of Christianity, promoted attitudes among the Xhosa which may be seen in all subsequent African Nationalism.

Premodern, Antimodern or Postmodern? Islamic and Western Critiques of Modernity

1997 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxanne L. Euben
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Dialectical Relationship ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modern Condition

The steadily increasing appeal of Islamic fundamentalist ideas has often been characterized as a premodern, antimodern or, more recently, as a postmodern phenomenon. To explore the relationship of Islamist political thought to modernity, and the usefulness of the terminology of “modernity” to situate and understand it, this article explores two comparisons. The first is a comparison across time, and involves the juxtaposition of a prominent nineteenth century Islamic “modernist” and the critique of modernity by an influential twentieth century Islamic fundamentalist thinker. The second is a comparison across cultures, and involves the juxtaposition of this Islamic fundamentalist critique and many Western theorists similarly critical of “the modern condition.” These comparisons suggest that Islamic fundamentalist political thought is part of a transcultural and multivocal reassessment of the value and definition of “modernity.” Such reassessments should be understood in terms of a dialectical relationship to “modernity,” one that entails not the negation of modernity but an attempt to simultaneously abolish, transcend, preserve and transform it.

The Barbarian Borderland and the Chinese Imagination: Travellers in Wa Country

Inner Asia ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Fiskesjö
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Opium Trade ◽  
British Occupation ◽  
Morning Star ◽  
Chinese State ◽  
The 1950S

AbstractThe Wa lands continue to be seized upon in the Chinese imagination, and elsewhere too, as representing what is dangerous and off limits. This is one important underlying reason why these lands, located in between China and Burma, have been some of the least-travelled areas on China's southwestern borders during most of the last few centuries. In fact, these areas have long been regarded as impenetrable for outsider travellers unless assisted by a full-fledged army, its gunpowder dry and its guns loaded. In the last years of the nineteenth century, the British occupation of Burma as well as increasing opium trade prompted increases in the numbers of Chinese and other visitors: officials, soldiers, traders, and so on. The first attempt at delineating a Burma-China border having failed, a second, joint British-Chinese survey was launched and almost completed in the late 1930s. These activities prompted a flurry of patriotic-scholarly efforts to claim these borderlands for the reconstituted Chinese state, which continued into the second half of the twentieth century. This brief paper explores some of the conflicting views of the various kinds of travellers and locals, including early Chinese judgements of the Wa, the nationalistic and scientistic travellers and writers of the 1930s, as well as the teams of ethnologists and soldiers dispatched there in the 1950s and 1960s – notably also Alan Winnington, the famous British correspondent for the Morning Star, and his Wa reception.

European Municipalism in the First Half of the Twentieth Century: the Socialist Network

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Dogliani
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
European Community ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Municipal Politics ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
International Union ◽  
International Labour Office ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Regional Authorities

This article analyses the contribution of European socialism to the building of a variegated network of reformers in municipal politics from the end of the nineteenth century to the 1950s. Unsuccessful as a network inside the Second International, a broader international federation of cities, the Union Internationale des Villes/International Union of Local Authorities (UIV/IULA), was proposed in 1913. Belgian, French, Dutch and English socialist leaders remained strongly influential in this federation between the two world wars, working in connection with co-operative movements and the International Labour Office based in Geneva. The fifty years of debates and projects animated by the international journal Les Annales de la Régie Directe founded by the French socialist Edgard Milhaud allows us to follow the development of a generation of local reformers from the beginnings of municipalist thought and praxis up to the idea of building a decentralised European Community of cities and regional authorities.

James Larkin and the Jew’s Shilling

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colum Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Union Leaders ◽  
Jewish Immigrants ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of Irish radicals and socialists to Jews in the decades before Irish independence was an ambivalent one. Neither political activists nor trade union leaders were immune to infection by anti-Semitic tropes. An influx of poor Jewish immigrants to Ireland around the end of the nineteenth century threatened the identity of Irish nationalists and workers, at a time when many Irish were forced by economic circumstances to emigrate. The article concludes that statements by James Larkin and other Irish labour activists and reformers about Jews, expressed in print in the early twentieth century, reflected a mixture of attitudes.

Golden-Age Thinking: Updated Stagings of Gianni Schicchi and the Popular Historical Imagination

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRA WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Music History ◽  
Historical Imagination ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
The Way

AbstractSince 2000 a notable trend has emerged in the way in which Italian comic operas by composers from Donizetti to Puccini are staged. In British and American productions, such works are consistently updated to the mid-twentieth century, usually the 1950s. This article explores what such stagings – and their implied intertextual references to wider representations of the era in popular culture – can tell us about the reception of opera today and the ways in which opera is used to create romanticised notions of historical time. Specifically, the article considers the implications for Puccini historiography of updating Gianni Schicchi, an opera whose Renaissance setting might at first glance seem essential. Considering changing attitudes towards historicism from the nineteenth century to the present, the article proposes that ‘retro’ mid-twentieth-century stagings of Gianni Schicchi compel us to hear the opera itself in new ways and to rethink deeply ingrained assumptions about Puccini's place in music history.

The Problem of Rationality

2015 ◽  
pp. 363-392
Author(s):  
Mario J. Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Austrian Economics ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Friedrich Hayek

This chapter draws on the history of economic thought to elucidate the foundations of the Austrian economics conception of rationality. First, it shows how Austrian subjectivism was originally differentiated from nineteenth-century and early-twentieth-century psychologically based economics. Then it shows how the Austrians differentiated themselves from the behaviorist approach that began to affect economics as early as the 1910s but mainly from the 1920s to the 1950s. Finally, drawing on the work of Friedrich Hayek and Alfred Schutz, it shows that the Austrian conception of rationality is not based on introspection and illustrates the differences between an Austrian approach and that of today’s new behavioral economics.

The Ottoman Origin of Arab Nationalisms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Mestyan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Textual Production ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This concluding chapter explores the relationship between nineteenth-century patriotism and twentieth-century nationalisms. One line of reasoning regarding the relationship of the Egyptian version of Arab patriotism and twentieth-century pan-Arabism might focus on the power and image of the khedives among Ottoman and non-Ottoman Arabs. Another argument can be made about the relationship as only a discursive one between Ottoman Arab patriotisms and all kinds of Arab nationalist ideologies. It is possible to see the educated textual production of patriotism as a pool of texts and concepts in Arabic that would serve as resources for later ideologies. A third, easier argument can be made about the relationship between Arab patriotism in Egypt and twentieth-century Arabism in Egypt. Overall, the theory of patriotism may serve as an explanation of the religious potential that silently impregnated secularist Arab nationalisms in the twentieth century, both at the level of ideas and at the level of social life.

From Race Relations to Community Relations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan W. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Race Relations ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
Interracial Relations ◽  
The 1950S

This chapter explores the activities of the Race Relations Committee, which was established in 1943 and remained after World War II. The new committee created several integrated projects (including housing efforts and a work camp) as well as interracial projects such as minority hiring efforts and a university lectureship program. By 1950, Quakers in the AFSC had thus developed an indirect, Friendly approach to interracial relations that while still working to correct individual ignorance now saw the need to reform society as well. Understanding the details of that approach and how Quakers arrived at it provides important insights into Quakers and race in the first half of the twentieth century. It also helps to fill in the historiographical gap concerning the racial activism of Quakers between their nineteenth-century efforts at reform and their participation in the Civil Rights Movement that blossomed in the 1950s and beyond.

Songs of the spirit from Dufftown

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-54
Author(s):  
Shelagh Noden
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Church Music ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Liturgical Music

Following the Scottish Catholic Relief Act of 1793, Scottish Catholics were at last free to break the silence imposed by the harsh penal laws, and attempt to reintroduce singing into their worship. At first opposed by Bishop George Hay, the enthusiasm for liturgical music took hold in the early years of the nineteenth century, but the fledgling choirs were hampered both by a lack of any tradition upon which to draw, and by the absence of suitable resources. To the rescue came the priest-musician, George Gordon, a graduate of the Royal Scots College in Valladolid. After his ordination and return to Scotland he worked tirelessly in forming choirs, training organists and advising on all aspects of church music. His crowning achievement was the production, at his own expense, of a two-volume collection of church music for the use of small choirs, which remained in use well into the twentieth century.

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