In Sickness and in Health

Author(s):  
Nina Macaraig
Keyword(s):  

Based on the evidence of narrative sources on the disasters that struck Istanbul, building inscriptions and archival records, this chapter describes the kinds of symptoms that show how the Çemberlitaş Hamamı aged over time. It defines the various causes of damage, such as fires, earthquakes, hailstorms, and daily wear and tear. Finally, the chapter analyses the repair and renovation work done to its structure in greater detail.

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-606
Author(s):  
Sachiko Ide

The assumptions made by readers of Language in Society and other English-language academic publications, when they begin to read, are so widely shared that they are seldom reflected on or made explicit. These assumptions have to do with European traditions of scholarship; and over time, they have made their way around the world because of the unquestioned belief in their universal applicability. But other approaches do exist, although most are never featured in publications in Western languages. I commented on this situation long ago, but it persists to this day: “The work done by Japanese sociolinguists is virtually unknown to non-Japanese readers. The reason is probably that this work has developed independently of the Western disciplines. The fact that Japanese researchers have worked independently of the Western tradition has inevitably resulted in unique assumptions, orientations or approaches when viewed from an international perspective”.


2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1103-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joukje C Swinkels ◽  
Marjolein I Broese van Groenou ◽  
Alice de Boer ◽  
Theo G van Tilburg

Abstract Background and Objectives The general view is that partner-caregiver burden increases over time but findings are inconsistent. Moreover, the pathways underlying caregiver burden may differ between men and women. This study examines to what degree and why partner-caregiver burden changes over time. It adopts Pearlin’s Caregiver Stress Process Model, as it is expected that higher primary and secondary stressors will increase burden and larger amounts of resources will lower burden. Yet, the impact of stressors and resources may change over time. The wear-and-tear model predicts an increase of burden due to a stronger impact of stressors and lower impact of resources over time. Alternatively, the adaptation model predicts a decrease of burden due to a lower impact of stressors and higher impact of resources over time. Research Design and Methods We used 2 observations with a 1-year interval of 279 male and 443 female partner-caregivers, derived from the Netherlands Older Persons and Informal Caregivers Survey Minimum Data Set. We applied multilevel regression analysis, stratified by gender. Results Adjusted for all predictors, caregiver burden increased over time for both men and women. For female caregivers, the impact of poor spousal health on burden increased and the impact of fulfillment decreased over time. Among male caregivers, the impact of predictors did not change over time. Discussion and Implications The increase of burden over time supports the wear-and-tear model, in particular for women. This study highlights the need for gender-specific interventions that are focused on enabling older partners to be better prepared for long-term partner-care.


2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Petroski

AbstractSince Lon Fuller published his 1930 trilogy of essays on the topic, students of the legal fiction have focused on identifying additional examples of fictions or challenging Fuller's classic taxonomy. But Fuller did more in these essays than propose a definition and a classification system; he also argued that legal fictions are examples of a more general phenomenon found in many systems of specialised language usage. Drawing on work done in the intervening decades on related issues outside the law, this paper develops this insight in new directions, seeking to understand in more detail one of Fuller's principal concerns: the points at which legal language stops communicating, points that may shift over time but will never completely disappear. The analysis indicates that the currently prevailing understanding of legal fictions as, in essence, consciously counterfactual propositions is historically contingent and incomplete; that legal writers have generally used the ‘legal fiction’ label to signal those writers' sense of the futility of further justification to a non-legal audience (even when they are using the term in a justification likely to be read only by a legal audience); and, contrary to the assumptions of many post-Fuller theorists, that the boundaries of the legal vocabularies recognised as self-justifying may have become less distinct over the past century.


Author(s):  
R. Chatterjee ◽  
K. K. Botros ◽  
H. Golshan ◽  
D. Rogers ◽  
Z. Samoylove

Gas Turbine (GT), like other prime movers, undergoes wear and tear over time which results in performance drop as far as available power and efficiency is concerned. In addition to routine wear and tear, the engine also undergoes corrosion, fouling etc. due to the impurities it breathes in. It is standard procedure to ‘wash’ the engine from time to time to revive it. However, it is important to establish a correct schedule for the wash to ensure optimal maintenance procedure. This calls for accurate prediction of the performance degradation of the engine over time. In this paper, a methodology is presented to predict the performance degradation in a GE LM2500 Gas Turbine engine used at one of TransCanada’s pipeline system, Canada. Emphasis is laid on analyzing the degradation of the air compressor side of the engine since it is most prone to fouling and degradation. Although the results presented are for a specific engine type, the general framework of the model could be used for other engines as well to quantify degradation over time of other components within the GT engine. The present model combines Gas Path Analysis (GPA) to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters over the engine cycle followed by parameter estimation to filter the data of possible noise due to instrumentation errors. The model helps quantify the degradation in the engine performance over time and also indicates the effectiveness of each engine wash. The analysis will lead to better scheduling of the engine wash thereby optimizing operational costs as well as engine overhaul time.


2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 681-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID Y. LEE

The original AO HRR color vision test has been considered by many as one of the best plate tests. It is still accepted by many governmental agencies for color vision certification. In their 1954 publication, Hardy, Rand, and Rittler stated that specially compounded inks were used for printing to avoid color changes with time. Fifty years later, it is both important and interesting to determine whether the wear and tear cause significant color changes. The chance finding of a never-used second edition offers an opportunity to evaluate the color changes. A GretagMacbeth Spectrolino spectrophotometer was used to measure the chromaticities of the never-used book, and an extensively used book. Four plates (#4, 7, 13, 16), selected randomly from the four red-green sections, were analyzed. The colored dots from each of the eight plates were plotted on a CIE chromaticity diagram. Isocolor lines were drawn to evaluate chromatic alignment. Chromaticities for plates #4 and 7 are significantly different between the two books. With regard to alignment with isocolor lines, the extensively used book is better than the never-used book for plate #4. There is significant misalignment on plate #7 for both books. Chromaticities for plates #13 and 16 are essentially identical between books, all with good alignment with isocolor lines. The overall comparison shows that the chromatic alignment characteristics of the extensively used book are not worse than the never-used book. Since colors in these plates have to be aligned with both the protan and deutan axes, any significant color changes would have disturbed this delicate requirement. The findings of many plates with good alignment, and the lack of differences on plates #13 and 16 between books, suggest that there are no significant color changes over time. Differences between books on plates #4 and 7 were likely the result of the original printing process.


Author(s):  
J. Scott Slorach ◽  
Jason Ellis

This chapter discusses the capital allowances system. Most businesses will need to acquire fixed assets for their operations, nearly all of which will depreciate in value over time due to wear and tear. While this depreciation may not be deducted from the business’s trading profits, certain limited types of fixed asset entitle a business to claim relief in the form of a capital allowance, which can be deducted when calculating taxable profits. The purpose of this allowance is to give tax relief for the depreciation in value of specific assets bought and owned for business use, by allowing the owner to write off their cost against the taxable income of the business. The amount which can be written off is calculated using a fixed formula. Relief is only available if the capital expenditure has been incurred in respect of the items of expenditure prescribed by the Capital Allowances Act 2001.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hailing Liu ◽  
Long Wan ◽  
Zhigang Yan ◽  
Jinjiang Yuan

We consider the online (over time) scheduling of equal length jobs on a bounded parallel batch machine with batch capacitybto minimize the time by which all jobs have been delivered with limited restart. Here, “restart” means that a running batch may be interrupted, losing all the work done on it, and jobs in the interrupted batch are then released and become independently unscheduled jobs, called restarted jobs. “Limited restart” means that a running batch which contains some restarted jobs cannot be restarted again. Whenb=2, we propose a best possible online algorithmH(b=2)with a competitive ratio of1+α, whereαis the positive solution of2α(1+α)=1. Whenb≥3, we present a best possible online algorithmH(b≥3)with a competitive ratio of1+β, whereβis the positive solution ofβ(1+β)2=1.


Business Law ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
J. Scott Slorach ◽  
Jason Ellis

This chapter discusses the capital allowances system. Most businesses will need to acquire fixed assets for their operations, nearly all of which will depreciate in value over time due to wear and tear. While this depreciation may not be deducted from the business’s trading profits, certain limited types of fixed asset entitle a business to claim relief in the form of a capital allowance, which can be deducted when calculating taxable profits. The purpose of this allowance is to give tax relief for the depreciation in value of specific assets bought and owned for business use, by allowing the owner to write off their cost against the taxable income of the business. The amount to be written off is calculated using a fixed formula. Relief is only available if the capital expenditure has been incurred in respect of the items of expenditure prescribed by the Capital Allowances Act 2001.


2019 ◽  
pp. 208-212
Author(s):  
J. Scott Slorach ◽  
Jason Ellis

This chapter discusses the capital allowances system. Most businesses will need to acquire fixed assets for their operations, nearly all of which will depreciate in value over time due to wear and tear. While this depreciation may not be deducted from the business’s trading profits, certain limited types of fixed asset entitle a business to claim relief in the form of a capital allowance, which can be deducted when calculating taxable profits. The purpose of this allowance is to give tax relief for the depreciation in value of specific assets bought and owned for business use, by allowing the owner to write off their cost against the taxable income of the business. The amount which can be written off is calculated using a fixed formula. Relief is only available if the capital expenditure has been incurred in respect of the items of expenditure prescribed by the Capital Allowances Act 2001.


1982 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Bucciarelli

Internal damping in rotating shafts can lead to dynamic instability — the unbounded growth over time of the off-axis displacement of the spinning shaft in whirl. In analyzing this phenomenon, some authors have phrased the instability criterion in terms of energies dissipated through internal and external damping. One such study has claimed that instability ensues when the rate of work done by internal damping equals that done by external damping. This analysis shows that this criterion is wrong and explains why it fails. It also provides a clear picture of how internal forces can act to produce instability by coupling the motion of spin with motion in whirl.


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