Eastern Conquests and Factionalism

2019 ◽  
pp. 169-193
Author(s):  
Brian Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Islamic World

This chapter begins by studying the role of al-Azd and the Muhallabids in the Islamic conquests along the eastern frontier of the Islamic world, in Khurasan and Sind. It critiques the idea that the Azd were a driving force behind the conquest of Sind, noting their prior presence in that region. Examining Yazid b. al-Muhallab’s campaigns in Jurjan and Tabaristan south of the Caspian Sea, it argues that both the Caspian and Sind campaigns were the result of governors linked to the Umayyad caliphs conquering territories to which their factional rivals had ties. Finally, there is a study of the role of al-Azd identity in Khurasan on the eve of the Abbasid Revolution.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 206-228
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Gent ◽  
Mark J. C. Crescenzi
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Conflict Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gray Zone ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Power Politics

This concluding chapter addresses some additional aspects of market power politics and outlines several implications of this study for scholars and policymakers. First, to complement the previous case studies of violence and strategic delay, it provides a brief discussion of Russia’s decision to abandon a delay strategy and agree to a settlement of the long-running dispute over the Caspian Sea. It then outlines a set of questions for future research on market power politics. Next, the chapter reflects upon how the research in the book informs an understanding of international relations. It highlights some important lessons concerning the effects of market structure on conflict behavior and the limitations of international institutions. It then contemplates the future role of gray zone tactics by countries like Russia and China. The chapter concludes with a discussion of some of the policy implications that follow from this research.

Iranian-Russian Relations in the Eighteenth Century

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goodarz Rashtiani
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Political Economic

The main objective of the present chapter is to analyze the structure and features governing the relations between Iran and Russia in different political, economic, and social spheres in the period from the fall of Isfahan (1722) to the rise of the Qajar dynasty (1796) and to study the reasons for the difference in these relations compared to previous periods and Russia’s actions in Iran’s territory (the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus) with an emphasis on the developments in both countries, the role of ethnic minorities and local khanates, and the effect of regional and international conditions on the relations between the two countries.

Role of Subsurface Brines in Salt Balance: The Case Study of the Caspian Sea and Kara Bogaz Bay

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 237-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Clauer ◽  
Marie-Claire Pierret ◽  
Sam Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Salt Balance ◽  
The Caspian Sea

The role of iron minerals in laminae formation in Late Pleistocene sediments of the Caspian Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Tudryn ◽  
Pierre-Jean Giannesini ◽  
François Guichard ◽  
Denise Badaut-Trauth ◽  
Piotr Tucholka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Iron Minerals

scholarly journals La place de la mer Caspienne dans la politique étrangère russe

1970 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Khagani Guliyev
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Russian Foreign Policy ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The 19Th Century

This study focuses on the question of the role of the Caspian Sea at a large scale in the current Russian foreign policy. It is noted that though in the historical perspective the Caspian Sea basin had been totally dominated by Russia since the beginning of the 19th century, this domination was contested and considerably reduced after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Paradoxically, in parallel for various reasons exposed in the paper, the Caspian Sea gained more importance in the Russian foreign policy giving rise to new challenges for the future of the Russian power in the region.

scholarly journals Underwater monuments of Absheron and the role of Khazar (Kaspia) in determining age Baku

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
K. F. Ibrgaimov
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Water Basin ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

The alternation of transgressions and regressions of the Caspian Sea led to the fact that these tracks were alternately found on the seabed, then on land. And, of course, these traces of the past must be looked for at those depths that at times became dry land. The identification of these monuments provides valuable material on the history of the peoples who inhabited this water basin, reflecting the life of the sea for many millennia and centuries, and sunken ships and their rigging allow shedding light on the issues of ancient navigation in the Caspian.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE WESTERN CASPIAN MARITIME TRADE IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 18th CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
M-P B Abdusalamov ◽  
Sh A Magaramov ◽  
Z A Khalaev
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Trade Turnover

The article deals with the development of trade contacts between Russia and Oriental countries that were carried out through the western and southern coasts of the Caspian Sea in the first half of the 18th century. Since the early Middle Ages, the Russians had been contacting with the population of the Caspian Sea regions and Oriental countries via the Volga-Caspian Route. The western coast of the Caspian Sea, in contrast to the eastern one, had significant merchant harbors (Derbent, Nizabad, Baku), which accounted for a great part of international trade turnover. Since the beginning of the 18th century, the transit role of the Caucasian coast of the Caspian Sea had been increasing, Russia was interested in establishing trade and economic contacts with the East, as the main commodity of the Eastern trade - silk - was to be exported to European countries via the Caspian-Volga Route. Therefore, measures were taken to reconstruct the merchant harbors, particularly in Derbent and Baku, the required infrastructure along the western and southern coasts of the Caspian Sea was created, the Caspian flotilla was modernized, and more weight-lifting vessels were built and replaced the busses of the previous century. Transportation of cargo across the Caspian Sea was quite a profitable business, and it was carried out only by Russian sea-going vessels that had been built in the Astrakhan Admiralty established on the order of Peter I. The Caspian trade with the countries of the Caucasus and the Western Caspian Sea regions continued developing in the post-Petrine period. During the period of the Caucasian conquests, Nadir Shah planned to create a strong fleet in the Caspian Sea like that of Russia. For this purpose, the representatives of the English company, Hanway and Elton, were employed by Nadir Shah and were allowed to build ships and sail on merchant ships over the Caspian Sea. However, the Iranian Shah’s plans to create his own fleet in the Caspian Sea, as well as his Dagestan campaign failed.

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