The Accountability Regime for Contractors during the Global War on Terrorism

Author(s):  
Damien Van Puyvelde

The post-9/11 trend toward intelligence outsourcing was accompanied by the emergence of a series of accountability problems. This chapter evaluates the accountability regime for contractors in the early 2000s and finds that this regime was imperfect but not inexistent. Six major cases of accountability failure shed light on three types of accountability problems involving contractors: inefficiencies, human rights abuses, and conflicts of interests. Intelligence contractors have not always been efficient, effective, or respected the law but they do not bear sole responsibility for the accountability problems in which they have been involved. These problems were caused by inadequate standards and deficient management on both sides of the public-private divide. While outsourcing can limit intelligence accountability, government accountability shortfalls also affect the outsourcing of intelligence. The chapter concludes that outsourcing and accountability are mutually interdependent.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-448
Author(s):  
Cláudio Júnior Damin

O artigo aborda a relação existente entre guerra e opinião pública nos Estados Unidos. O artigo foca na análise do caso da Guerra do Iraque iniciada em março de 2003 durante os mandatos de George W. Bush. Esse conflito insere-se no contexto dos ataques terroristas de 11 de setembro de 2001, sendo parte constitutiva da chamada “guerra global contra o terrorismo”. A primeira hipótese de trabalho é a de que inicialmente e reproduzindo padrões históricos anteriores, a guerra foi amplamente aprovada pela população norte-americana, processo que se prolongou por alguns meses e influenciou decisivamente para a reeleição do presidente republicano em 2004. Como segunda hipótese assevera-se que, passado algum tempo, o humor da opinião pública sofreu uma inflexão, diminuindo a aprovação popular à guerra e tendo como importante desdobramento a derrota dos republicanos na eleição de 2008, com o conflito ainda em curso. Espera-se mostrar, portanto, como a Guerra do Iraque pode ser dividida em duas fases distintas, sendo a primeira de bônus para o governo de George W. Bush e seus correligionários republicanos e a outra de ônus a partir do crescimento do número de baixas militares norte-americanas e da crise de credibilidade do governo no que concerne às perspectivas de vitória definitiva no conflito.Abstract: The article discusses the relationship between war and public opinion in the United States. The article focuses on the analysis of the case of the Iraq War that began in March 2003 during the administration of George W. Bush. This conflict is within the context of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, being a constituent part of the "Global War on Terrorism." The first hypothesis is that initially and reproducing previous historical standards, the war was widely approved by the American population, a process that was prolonged for a few months and influenced decisively to the re-election of Republican president in 2004. As a second hypothesis asserts that, after some time, the mood of public opinion has undergone a shift, reducing the public approval of the war and with the important effect the defeat of the Republicans in the 2008 election. It is expected, therefore, to show how the Iraq War can be divided into two distinct phases, with the first bonus for the George W. Bush and his fellow Republicans and other liens being from the growing number of U.S. military casualties and the crisis of credibility of the government with regard to the prospects of ultimate victory in the conflict.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-178
Author(s):  
Agus Handoko

Abstract:The term Terrorism surfaced in various parts of the world, both in European countries, the Middle East and even Asia, including Indonesia. Due to the emergence of every violence and destruction in every place with the loss of not only property and even human lives. The nickname of the Terrorists has always been addressed to certain groups who echoed jihad, and the events of terrorism which were of concern to the world at the time of the occurrence of an event the United States WTC (World Trade Center) Tower was bombed and destroyed on 11 September 2001. From the tragedy that eliminated thousands of human lives, the war on global terrorism (global war on terrorism) was officially proclaimed by Western countries. So that the study of terrorism invites the attention of various groups, both academics and agencies or national and international institutions by examining various aspects, namely through aspects of theology, ideology, and movements and networks. Until now terrorism has become a threat to the security and security of the country and also frightened the public. This paper will examine the growth of terrorism both inside and outside Indonesia which will elaborate terrorism in the name of religion.Keywords: Terrorism, Religious, Crime Abstrak.Istilah Terorisme mengemuka di berbagai belahan dunia, baik di negara-negara Eropa, Timur Tengah bahkan Asia termasuk Indonesia. Dikarenakan munculnya setiap kekerasan maupun kehancuran di setiap tempat dengan adanya kerugian tidak saja harta benda bahkan nyawa manusia. Julukan Teroris selalu dialamatkan pada kelompok tertentu yang mengumandangkan jihad, dan peristiwa terorisme yang menjadi perhatian dunia pada saat terjadinya suatu peristiwa Menara Kembar WTC (World Trade Center) milik Amerika Serikat dibom dan hancur pada tanggal 11 September 2001 lalu. Dari tragedi yang menghilangkan ribuan nyawa manusia, perang melawan terorisme global (global war on terrorism) resmi dikumandangkan oleh negara-negara Barat. Sehingga kajian mengenai terorisme mengundang perhatian berbagai kalangan, baik akademisi maupun instansi atau lembaga nasional maupun internasional dengan mengkaji dari berbagai macam aspek, yaitu melalui aspek Teologi, Ideologi, maupun gerakan-gerakan dan jaringannya. Sampai saat ini terorisme menjadi ancaman terhadap ketahanan dan keamanan negara dan juga membuat ketakutan di kalangan masyarakat. Makalah ini akan mengkaji seputar tumbuhnya terorisme baik di luar maupun dalam negeri Indonesia yang akan mengelaborasi terorisme atas nama keagamaan.Kata Kunci: Terorisme, Keagamaan, Kejahatan


Author(s):  
Tony Smith

This chapter examines the United States' liberal democratic internationalism from George W. Bush to Barack Obama. It first considers the Bush administration's self-ordained mission to win the “global war on terrorism” by reconstructing the Middle East and Afghanistan before discussing the two time-honored notions of Wilsonianism espoused by Democrats to make sure that the United States remained the leader in world affairs: multilateralism and nation-building. It then explores the liberal agenda under Obama, whose first months in office seemed to herald a break with neoliberalism, and his apparent disinterest in the rhetoric of democratic peace theory, along with his discourse on the subject of an American “responsibility to protect” through the promotion of democracy abroad. The chapter also analyzes the Obama administration's economic globalization and concludes by comparing the liberal internationalism of Bush and Obama.


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