Effects of Millimeter-band Electromagnetic Radiation on the Functional Activity of Certain Genetic Elements of Bacterial Cells

1973 ◽  
Vol 110 (7) ◽  
pp. 458 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Z. Smolyanskaya ◽  
R.L. Vilenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Genetic Elements

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF MODERN SEED PROTECTANTS ON VIABILITY AND FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF BIOLOGICAL AGENTS OF MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 120-131
Author(s):  
L.М. Tokmakova ◽  
Yu.О. Tararyko ◽  
А.O. Trepach ◽  
О.P. Lepekhа ◽  
І.V. Larchenko
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Biological Products

The influence of seed protectants crop viability and functional activity of bacterial cells - biological agents microbial preparations. The possibility of the use of protectants compatible with biological products, bio-agents which exhibit resistance to the pesticide active ingredient.

scholarly journals DIAZOTROPH ACTIVITY REGULATING STRATEGY UNDER THEIR INTRODUCTION IN AGROCENOSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Kozar S. F.
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
High Titre ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Soybean Nodule ◽  
Pure Bacterial Culture ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Objective. Investigate approaches to managing the activity of soil diazotrophs and propose a strategy for its regulation. Methods. Theoretical, vegetation and field experiments, microbiological, gas chromatographic, mathematical and statistical. Results. The activity of beneficial soil microorganisms can change under the action of temperature, humidity, chemical compounds of various origin, and other microorganisms. It was established that, taking into account a significant variety of factors, it is necessary to develop a set of specific ways to increase the growth and functional activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, as well as their viability. It has been proved that the combination of diazotrophs forms an effective symbiotic leguminous-rhizobial system, which provides additional biological nitrogen in agrocenoses. At the same time, there was an increase in plant mass, chlorophyll content in the leaves, protein and oil content in the products. The combined use of diazotrophs increases the yield, in particular, soybeans by 9–16 % compared with inoculation by pure bacterial culture. Conclusion. Based on the analysis and generalization of the obtained research results, a strategy for regulating the activity of diazotrophs for their effective introduction into agrocenoses is proposed, which consists in combining bacteria of different species, selecting conditions for their co-cultivation and application upon stabilisation of the number of viable bacterial cells. The proposed strategy involves solving the problem by obtaining an inoculant, which is characterized by a high titre and a stable number of viable cells, which allows to obtain an effective nitrogen-fixing system. The strategy is tried-and-tested on the example of regulating the growth and functional activity of soybean nodule bacteria by combining diazotrophs of different species, substantiating the conditions of their co-cultivation and application to ensure positive interaction in the form of commensalism, as well as by regulating viability of diazotrophs by adding stabilisers to the medium.

scholarly journals Bacterial transformation buffers environmental fluctuations through the reversible integration of mobile genetic elements

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Carvalho ◽  
David Fouchet ◽  
Gonché Danesh ◽  
Anne-Sophie Godeux ◽  
Maria-Halima Laaberki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Genome ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Transformation Rate ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Intermediate Transformation

AbstractHorizontal gene transfer (HGT) is known to promote the spread of genes in bacterial communities, which is of primary importance to human health when these genes provide resistance to antibiotics. Among the main HGT mechanisms, natural transformation stands out as being widespread and encoded by the bacterial core genome. From an evolutionary perspective, transformation is often viewed as a mean to generate genetic diversity and mixing within bacterial populations. However, another recent paradigm proposes that its main evolutionary function would be to cure bacterial genomes from their parasitic mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Here, we propose to combine these two seemingly opposing points of view because MGEs, although costly for bacterial cells, can carry functions that are point-in-time beneficial to bacteria under stressful conditions (e.g. antibiotic resistance genes under antibiotic exposure). Using computational modeling, we show that, in stochastic environments (unpredictable stress exposure), an intermediate transformation rate maximizes bacterial fitness by allowing the reversible integration of MGEs carrying resistance genes but costly for the replication of host cells. By ensuring such reversible genetic diversification (acquisition then removal of MGEs), transformation would be a key mechanism for stabilizing the bacterial genome in the long term, which would explain its striking conservation.

scholarly journals Selective advantages favour high genomic AT-contents in intracellular elements

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Kathrin Dietel ◽  
Holger Merker ◽  
Martin Kaltenpoth ◽  
Christian Kost
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Composition ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Dna Base Composition ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Dna Base ◽  
Evolutionary Force ◽  
The Cost

AbstractExtrachromosomal genetic elements generally exhibit increased AT-contents relative to their hosts’ DNA. The AT-bias of endosymbiotic genomes is commonly explained by neutral evolutionary processes. Here we show experimentally that an increased AT-content of host-dependent elements can be selectively favoured on the host level. Manipulating the nucleotide composition of bacterial cells by introducing A+T-or G+C-rich plasmids, we demonstrate that cells containing GC-rich plasmids are less fit than cells containing AT-rich plasmids. Moreover, the cost of GC-rich elements could be compensated by providing G+C-, but not A+T-precursors, thus linking the observed fitness effects to the cytoplasmic availability of nucleotides. Our work identifies selection as a strong evolutionary force that drives the genomes of intracellular genetic elements toward higher A+T contents.Author SummaryGenomes of endosymbiotic bacteria are commonly more AT-rich than the ones of their free-living relatives. Interestingly, genomes of other intracellular elements like plasmids or bacteriophages also tend to be richer in AT than the genomes of their hosts. The AT-bias of endosymbiotic genomes is commonly explained by neutral evolutionary processes. However, since A+T nucleotides are both more abundant and energetically less expensive than G+C nucleotides, an alternative explanation is that selective advantages drive the nucleotide composition of intracellular elements. Here we provide strong experimental evidence that intracellular elements, whose genome is more AT-rich than the genome of the host, are selectively favored on the host level. Thus, our results emphasize the importance of selection for shaping the DNA base composition of extrachromosomal genetic elements.

scholarly journals The molecular biology and functions of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factors ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Molecular Nature

Abstract Rapid progress has occurred recently in characterizing the molecular nature of the specific glycoprotein colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) controlling the proliferation; and some functional activities of granulocytes and monocyte-macrophages. All four known murine CSFs have been purified, and cDNAs for two have been cloned and expressed by mammalian and bacterial cells. Similarly, three human CSFs have been purified, and cDNAs for two cloned and expressed. This work has opened up the exciting prospects of testing the effects of these recombinant CSFs on hematopoiesis in vivo. Each CSF has a broader range of hematopoietic target cells than previously suspected, and it is now clear that the CSFs are not simply proliferative stimuli but can also regulate the functional activity of mature cells. There are increasing reasons to believe that these CSFs will be useful therapeutic agents in stimulating hematopoietic regeneration in leukopenic states and the functional activity of granulocytes and monocytes in infections.

scholarly journals Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally R. Partridge ◽  
Stephen M. Kwong ◽  
Neville Firth ◽  
Slade O. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Integrative Conjugative Elements

SUMMARYStrains of bacteria resistant to antibiotics, particularly those that are multiresistant, are an increasing major health care problem around the world. It is now abundantly clear that both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria are able to meet the evolutionary challenge of combating antimicrobial chemotherapy, often by acquiring preexisting resistance determinants from the bacterial gene pool. This is achieved through the concerted activities of mobile genetic elements able to move within or between DNA molecules, which include insertion sequences, transposons, and gene cassettes/integrons, and those that are able to transfer between bacterial cells, such as plasmids and integrative conjugative elements. Together these elements play a central role in facilitating horizontal genetic exchange and therefore promote the acquisition and spread of resistance genes. This review aims to outline the characteristics of the major types of mobile genetic elements involved in acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, focusing on the so-called ESKAPEE group of organisms (Enterococcus faecium,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Enterobacterspp., andEscherichia coli), which have become the most problematic hospital pathogens.

scholarly journals The molecular biology and functions of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factors ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Molecular Nature

Rapid progress has occurred recently in characterizing the molecular nature of the specific glycoprotein colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) controlling the proliferation; and some functional activities of granulocytes and monocyte-macrophages. All four known murine CSFs have been purified, and cDNAs for two have been cloned and expressed by mammalian and bacterial cells. Similarly, three human CSFs have been purified, and cDNAs for two cloned and expressed. This work has opened up the exciting prospects of testing the effects of these recombinant CSFs on hematopoiesis in vivo. Each CSF has a broader range of hematopoietic target cells than previously suspected, and it is now clear that the CSFs are not simply proliferative stimuli but can also regulate the functional activity of mature cells. There are increasing reasons to believe that these CSFs will be useful therapeutic agents in stimulating hematopoietic regeneration in leukopenic states and the functional activity of granulocytes and monocytes in infections.

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