Competitive interactions between an exotic annual, Halogeton glomeratus, and 10 North American native species

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-255
Author(s):  
N. P. Prasser ◽  
A. L. Hild
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Halogeton Glomeratus

scholarly journals Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) Causes Low Levels of Parasitism in Three North American Pentatomids Under Field Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M Milnes ◽  
Elizabeth H Beers
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus

Abstract Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead), an Asian parasitoid of Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), was first detected in North America in 2014. Although testing in quarantine facilities as a candidate for classical biological control is ongoing, adventive populations have appeared in multiple sites in the United States, Canada, and Europe. Extensive laboratory testing of T. japonicus against other North American pentatomids and H. halys has revealed a higher rate of parasitism of H. halys, but not complete host specificity. However, laboratory tests are necessarily artificial, in which many host finding and acceptance cues may be circumvented. We offered sentinel egg masses of three native pentatomid (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) pest species (Chinavia hilaris (Say), Euschistus conspersus Uhler, and Chlorochroa ligata (Say)) in a field paired-host assay in an area with a well-established adventive population of T. japonicus near Vancouver, WA. Overall, 67% of the H. halys egg masses were parasitized by T. japonicus during the 2-yr study. Despite the ‘worst case’ scenario for a field test (close proximity of the paired egg masses), the rate of parasitism (% eggs producing adult wasps) on all three native species was significantly less (0.4–8%) than that on H. halys eggs (77%). The levels of successful parasitism of T. japonicus of the three species are C. hilaris > E. conspersus > C. ligata. The potential impact of T. japonicus on these pentatomids is probably minimal.

scholarly journals North American channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus: a neglected but potentially invasive freshwater fish species?

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1563-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip J. Haubrock ◽  
Gordon H. Copp ◽  
Iva Johović ◽  
Paride Balzani ◽  
Alberto F. Inghilesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
North American ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
North And South

AbstractThe North American channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus has been introduced to several locations in Europe but has received little or no scientific study despite its invasive attributes, including prolific reproduction, tolerance to a wide range of conditions, opportunistic feeding, at least partial ‘predator release’, and some evidence of environmental impacts (e.g. disease transmission). To assess the species’ potential invasiveness and the likely risks to native species and ecosystems in Europe, available literature from both North America and Europe was reviewed and used to carry out risk screenings of the species for the risk assessment areas, North and South Italy, using the Aquatic Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS-ISK), which was followed by a more detailed evaluation (for both North America and Europe) of the species’ potential impacts using the Environmental Impact Classification of Alien Taxa (EICAT) assessment protocol. The AS-ISK score indicated that channel catfish is likely to pose a high risk of being invasive in both North and South Italy, with EICAT scores indicating “Major” impacts for both North America and Europe, at high and medium confidence levels, respectively. The present results emphasise the urgent need to carry out in-depth studies on introduced populations of this species to understand better its invasive potential so as to inform management decisions on the appropriate control or eradication measures for invaded water bodies.

How direct and indirect non-native interactions can promote plant invasions, lead to invasional meltdown and inform management decisions.

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-176
Author(s):  
Sara E. Kuebbing
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
Apparent Competition ◽  
Indirect Interactions ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Invasional Meltdown ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Facilitative Interactions

Abstract In 1999, Daniel Simberloff and Betsy Von Holle introduced the term 'invasional meltdown'. The term and the concept have been embraced and critiqued but have taken a firm hold within the invasion biology canon. The original formulation of the concept argued two key points: first, biologists rarely study how non-natives interact with one another. Second, nearly all the conceptual models about the success and impact of invasive species are predicated on the importance of competitive interactions and an implicit assumption that non-natives should interfere with establishment, spread and impact of other non-natives. In response, Simberloff and Von Holle called for more research on invader interactions and proposed an alternative consequence of non-native species interactions - invasional meltdown - where facilitative interactions among non-natives could increase the invasion rate or ecological impacts in invaded systems. This chapter outlines the primary pathways in which direct and indirect interactions among non-natives could lead to invasional meltdown. It provides examples of how different types of interactions among non-natives could lead to net positive effects on the invasion success of non-native plants or the impact of non-native plants on invaded ecosystems. Direct effects are by far the most commonly explored form of non-native- non- native interaction, primarily focusing on plant mutualisms with pollinators, seed dispersers or soil microbial mutualists. There are, however, also examples of non-native plants that benefit from commensal and even herbivorous interactions with other non-natives. Indirect interactions among non-natives are very infrequently studied. Although examples are scarce, non-natives may indirectly benefit other non-native plants through trophic cascades, apparent competition and indirect mutualisms. It remains unclear whether indirect effects are important pathways to invasional meltdown. More work is needed on studying ecosystems that are invaded by multiple non-native species and we need to consider the full range of interactions among non-natives that could either stymie or promote their spread, population growth and impact. Only then can we address how common facilitative interactions are relative to competitive interactions among non-natives or provide robust suggestions on how to manage ecosystems.

Competition between native and non-native plants.

2020 ◽  
pp. 291-307
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Wandrag ◽  
◽  
Jane A. Catford ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Strength Of Competition

The introduction of species to new locations leads to novel competitive interactions between resident native and newly-arriving non-native species. The nature of these competitive interactions can influence the suitability of the environment for the survival, reproduction and spread of non-native plant species, and the impact those species have on native plant communities. Indeed, the large literature on competition among plants reflects its importance in shaping the composition of plant communities, including the invasion success of non-native species. While competition and invasion theory have historically developed in parallel, the increasing recognition of the synergism between the two themes has led to new insights into how non-native plant species invade native plant communities, and the impacts they have on those plant communities. This chapter provides an entry point into the aspects of competition theory that can help explain the success, dominance and impacts of invasive species. It focuses on resource competition, which arises wherever the resources necessary for establishment, survival, reproduction and spread are in limited supply. It highlights key hypotheses developed in invasion biology that relate to ideas of competition, outlines biotic and abiotic factors that influence the strength of competition and species' relative competitive abilities, and describes when and how competition between non-native and native plant species can influence invasion outcomes. Understanding the processes that influence the strength of competition between non-native and native plant species is a necessary step towards understanding the causes and consequences of biological invasions.

scholarly journals Native turncoats and indirect facilitation of species invasions

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1871) ◽  
pp. 20171936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobin D. Northfield ◽  
Susan G. W. Laurance ◽  
Margaret M. Mayfield ◽  
Dean R. Paini ◽  
William E. Snyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Indirect Interactions ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Species Invasion ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Indirect Facilitation

At local scales, native species can resist invasion by feeding on and competing with would-be invasive species. However, this relationship tends to break down or reverse at larger scales. Here, we consider the role of native species as indirect facilitators of invasion and their potential role in this diversity-driven ‘invasion paradox’. We coin the term ‘native turncoats’ to describe native facilitators of non-native species and identify eight ways they may indirectly facilitate species invasion. Some are commonly documented, while others, such as indirect interactions within competitive communities, are largely undocumented in an invasion context. Therefore, we use models to evaluate the likelihood that these competitive interactions influence invasions. We find that native turncoat effects increase with the number of resources and native species. Furthermore, our findings suggest the existence, abundance and effectiveness of native turncoats in a community could greatly influence invasion success at large scales.

scholarly journals Crayfish plague affects juvenile survival and adult behaviour of invasive signal crayfish

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Rhidian Thomas ◽  
Chloe V. Robinson ◽  
Agata Mrugała ◽  
Amy R. Ellison ◽  
Emily Matthews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Native Species ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Juvenile Survival ◽  
Signal Crayfish ◽  
Aphanomyces Astaci ◽  
The North ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Oomycete Pathogen ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe spread of invasive, non-native species is a key threat to biodiversity. Parasites can play a significant role by influencing their invasive host's survival or behaviour, which can subsequently alter invasion dynamics. The North American signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) is a known carrier of Aphanomyces astaci, an oomycete pathogen that is the causative agent of crayfish plague and fatal to European crayfish species, whereas North American species are considered to be largely resistant. There is some evidence, however, that North American species, can also succumb to crayfish plague, though how A. astaci affects such ‘reservoir hosts’ is rarely considered. Here, we tested the impact of A. astaci infection on signal crayfish, by assessing juvenile survival and adult behaviour following exposure to A. astaci zoospores. Juvenile signal crayfish suffered high mortality 4-weeks post-hatching, but not as older juveniles. Furthermore, adult signal crayfish with high-infection levels displayed altered behaviours, being less likely to leave the water, explore terrestrial areas and exhibit escape responses. Overall, we reveal that A. astaci infection affects signal crayfish to a much greater extent than previously considered, which may not only have direct consequences for invasions, but could substantially affect commercially harvested signal crayfish stocks worldwide.

21. Invasion of Asian Carp in the Great Lakes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassandra Smrekar ◽  
Shingo Tanaka ◽  
Lavie Williams
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
North American ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Asian Carp ◽  
Freshwater Species

A recent threat posed to the Great Lakes and adjoining waterways is the Asian Carp.  This large bodied fish originated from Asia and was first imported to the North American between 1960 to 1970. Their migration northward through the Mississippi River eliminated native freshwater species through competition of habitat and food resources. It is imperative to focus on the potential invasion of the Asian Carp because the risk assessment is high that the carp would eliminate all native species.  Currently the carp are at the border of entering Lake Michigan, which would then provide access to the rest of the freshwater regions in the surrounding area. Ultimately, the loss of lake biodiversity is the fundamental problem and is coupled with economic issues.  Bowfin Environmental Consulting INC and various invasive species awareness programs have been utilized to provide guidance on undertaking a project that involves an aggressive invasive species.  The challenge faced will be to determine a method in which to prevent the invasion of Asian Carp.  Examining their migration patterns, importation laws of live fish, and the policies of invasive species, will provide insight on the approach that should be taken to eliminate the threat of Asian Carp.  It is also important to analyze which native species are most susceptible to becoming extinct.  Overall, the intention is not only to increase government, scientific, and public awareness of this issue, but also to provide methods that can be implemented to prevent and eradicate the spread of Asian Carp in North American waterways.

Natural intersectional hybridization between North American species of Populus (Salicaceae) in sections Aigeiros and Tacamahaca. II. Taxonomy

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Eckenwalder
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Native North American ◽  
Natural Hybrids ◽  
Chromatographic Profile ◽  
Putative Hybrids

Five of six possible hybrid combinations of the two native North American species of Populus sect. Aigeiros Duby with the three native species of sect. Tacamahaca Spach have been found in nature. Putative hybrids occur wherever species of the two sections are sympatric and sometimes even beyond the range of one or both parents. Parents of the sixth possible combination are not, however, sympatric and this explains the apparent absence of the corresponding hybrid. Although the five hybrids can easily be recognized as a group, each parentage yields hybrids of unique morphology, all of which have previously been provided with binomials. Variability within each hybrid reflects variation in its parents. These hybrids are morphologically intermediate between their putative parents and have an additive chromatographic profile combining leaf flavonoids of each pair. Trees of P. × generosa (P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa) and P. × jackii (P. deltoides × P. balsamifera) from natural populations closely resemble artificial hybrids between their presumed parents. Three natural hybrids, P. × acuminata (P. deltoides × P. anguslifolia), P. × jackii, and P. × parryi (P. fremontii × P. trichocarpa), are all cultivated as shade trees. Keys distinguish the five hybrids from each other and from their parents; each hybrid is described; its nomenclature is clarified; and its range is mapped in relation to those of its parents.

Modelling of competitive interactions between native Eurasian (Castor fiber) and alien North American (Castor сanadensis) beavers based on long-term monitoring data (1934–2015)

2019 ◽  
Vol 409 ◽  
pp. 108763
Author(s):  
Varos G. Petrosyan ◽  
Victor V. Golubkov ◽  
Nikolay A. Zavyalov ◽  
Lyudmila A. Khlyap ◽  
Natalia N. Dergunova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Castor Fiber ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

Relationships among native and introduced North American species of Hordeum, based on chloroplast DNA restriction-site variation

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2421-2426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard R. Baum ◽  
L. Grant Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
North American ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Site Variation ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Cladistic Analyses

Restriction-site analysis of chloroplast DNA was carried out on a total of 13 North American species of Hordeum, 7 native and 6 introduced. Sites associated with polymorphic banding patterns were omitted so that only invariant sites within species were used in the analyses. A number of taxa whose species status is in dispute can indeed be supported at species rank, i.e., H. brachyantherum, H. californicum, H. pusillum, H. intercedens, H. marinum, and H. geniculatum. The maternal progenitor of H. arizonicum is H. pusillum, and this is further discussed in light of other possibilities. Both phenetic and cladistic analyses indicate a tripartite relationship whereby H. vulgare is distant from the group of H. leporinum, H. glaucum, and H. murinum and from a second group comprising the native species H. brachyantherum, H. californicum, H. arizonicum, H. jubatum, H. pusillum, H. intercedens, and H. depressum. Hordeum marinum and H. geniculatum occupy a central position in this relationship. Speculation that the putative ancient form of Hordeum resembled a H. murinum – H. geniculatum-like species is discussed. Key words: chloroplast DNA, Hordeum, phylogenetic relationships.

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