scholarly journals Evaluation of Rosmarinus officinalis L. extract on spatial memory, learning and antioxidant enzymes activities in the hippocampus of rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

The Rosemarinus officinalis extract (RE) possesses various antioxidant, cytoprotective and cognition- improving bioactivities. In this study, we postulated which doses of RE have a more effect on the hippocampus of middle-aged rats. In this experimental study, thirty-two middle-aged swiss albino rats were fed by different doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day) of RE (containing 40% carnosic acid) or distilled water for 12 weeks. The effects of different RE doses on learning and spatial memory scores, hippocampal neuronal survival, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation amount were evaluated by one and two way analysis of variance (ANOVA). It seemed that RE (100mg/kg) could recover the spatial memory retrieval score (p< 0.05). The amount of activity of SOD, GPx and CAT enzymes in the hippocampus of animals of the RE (100mg/kg) group showed a significant increase compared to the normal group (p< 0.01), (p< 0.01) and (p< 0.05), respectively. Also, the amount of activity of GPx in the RE (100 mg/kg) group of animals showed a significant increase compared to the normal group (p< 0.05). No significant difference was found between the groups in the MDA level. The results revealed that RE (40% carnosic acid) may improve the memory score and oxidative stress activity in middle aged rats in a dose dependent manner, especially in 100mg/kg.

scholarly journals Effect of Tramadol on Sperm Profile of Male Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
I. S. Esua ◽  
U. U. Uno ◽  
U. B. Ekaluo
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Aim: Tramadol is a potent analgesic effective in the treatment of mild to severe pains. However, the use of the drug can pose a threat to other organs and systems. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of graded doses of tramadol on sperm profile of male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Eighteen male rats were divided into three groups (A, B and C) using completely randomized design (CRD) with six rats in each group. Rats in group A served as the control group and were given just food and water while groups B and C were given tramadol at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) respectively, daily for the period of 65 days. The treatment was administered via oral gavage and at the end of the treatments, the rats were sacrificed. Immediately after sacrifice, a puncture was made in the epididymis with a sterile pin and examined for semen pH. The epididymes were processed for epididymal sperm motility, viability, count and sperm head abnormality. Results: There was no significant difference in the weight of testes and semen pH. Sperm viability, sperm motility, sperm count and weight of epididymes significantly reduced (p<0.05) in tramadol treated animals when compared with the control. Results also indicated statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in sperm head abnormalities in rats treated with tramadol when compared with the control. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study reveal that tramadol has negative effects on weight of epididymes, sperm count, sperm viability, sperm motility and sperm head abnormalities in male albino rat as mammalian models in a dose dependent manner.

scholarly journals Concomitant Nrf2- and ATF4-activation by Carnosic Acid Cooperatively Induces Expression of Cytoprotective Genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junsei Mimura ◽  
Atsushi Inose-Maruyama ◽  
Shusuke Taniuchi ◽  
Kunio Kosaka ◽  
Hidemi Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Activating Transcription Factor 4 ◽  
Activating Transcription Factor ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L ◽  
Ngf Gene

: Carnosic acid (CA) is a phytochemical found in some dietary herbs, such as Rosmarinus officinalis L., and possesses antioxidative and anti-microbial properties. We previously demonstrated that CA functions as an activator of nuclear factor, erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an oxidative stress-responsive transcription factor in human and rodent cells. CA enhances the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and antioxidant genes, such as HO-1 in an Nrf2-dependent manner in U373MG human astrocytoma cells. However, CA also induces NGF gene expression in an Nrf2-independent manner, since 50 μM of CA administration showed striking NGF gene induction compared with the classical Nrf2 inducer tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) in U373MG cells. By comparative transcriptome analysis, we found that CA activates activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in addition to Nrf2 at high doses. CA activated ATF4 in phospho-eIF2α- and heme-regulated inhibitor kinase (HRI)-dependent manners, indicating that CA activates ATF4 through the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway. Furthermore, CA activated Nrf2 and ATF4 cooperatively enhanced the expression of NGF and many antioxidant genes while acting independently to certain client genes. Taken together, these results represent a novel mechanism of CA-mediated gene regulation evoked by Nrf2 and ATF4 cooperation.

scholarly journals Higher levels of estradiol replacement correlate with better spatial memory in surgically menopausal young and middle-aged rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Talboom ◽  
Brice J. Williams ◽  
Edmond R. Baxley ◽  
Stephen G. West ◽  
Heather A. Bimonte-Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Middle Aged

scholarly journals Sevoflurane and isoflurane inhibit KCl-induced, Rho kinase-mediated, and PI3K-participated vasoconstriction in aged diabetic rat aortas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaozhong Yang ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Shanshan Huang ◽  
Feihong Jin ◽  
Feng Qi
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Oletf Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Evans

Abstract Background The mechanism of volatile anesthetics on vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contraction in diabetes mellitus (DM) remains unclear. The current study was designed to determine the effects of sevoflurane (SEVO) and isoflurane (ISO) on KCl induction. PI3K and Rho kinase participate in vasoconstriction in aged type 2 DM (T2DM) rats.Methods KCl-induced (60 mM) contractions were examined in endothelium -denuded aortic rings from aged T2DM Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats (65–70 weeks old), control age-matched nondiabetic Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats and young Wistar rats (6–8 weeks old). The effects of SEVO and ISO on KCl-induced vasoconstriction, as well as those of LY294002 and Y27632, were measured in aortic rings from the three groups using an isometric force transducer.Results KCl induced rapid and continuous contraction of aortic smooth muscle in the three groups, and the contraction was more obvious in OLETF rats.SEVO and ISO inhibited KCl-induced vasoconstriction in a concentration-dependent manner and were suppressed by LY294002 (10 mM) and Y27632 (1 µM). SEVO had a stronger inhibitory effect on the aortas of young Wistar rats than ISO, especially at 2 MAC and 3 MAC (P<0.05). In aged rats, the inhibitory effect of ISO was stronger than that of SEVO, especially OLETF rats. There was no significant difference in the effects of different concentrations of ISO on arterial contraction among the three groups. However, the effects of 1 MAC SEVO on Wistar rats and 3 MAC SEVO on OLETF rats were noticeably and significantly different (P<0.05).Compared with the control condition, LY294002 and Y27632 had the most noticeable effect on the KCl-induced contraction of aortic rings in OLETF rats (P<0.01).Conclusion KCl significantly increased the rapid and sustained contraction of aortic rings in aged patients with T2DM. SEVO and ISO reduced vascular tension in the three groups to different degrees. ISO had a smaller inhibitory effect on young rats, and SEVO had a smaller inhibitory effect on aged rats. The mechanism of SEVO and ISO in vascular tension in T2DM is due to changes in PI3K and/or Rho kinase activity.

scholarly journals Late enrichment maintains accurate recent and remote spatial memory only in aged rats that were unimpaired when middle aged

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Fuchs ◽  
Karine Herbeaux ◽  
Noémie Aufrere ◽  
Christian Kelche ◽  
Chantal Mathis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Middle Aged

Effect of aging and exercise on GLUT-4 glucose transporters in muscle

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. E362-E367 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kern ◽  
P. L. Dolan ◽  
R. S. Mazzeo ◽  
J. A. Wells ◽  
G. L. Dohm
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Muscle Types

This study was conducted to investigate whether changes in muscle glucose transporter GLUT-4 protein might be associated with a previously reported deterioration in glucose tolerance with aging, and, furthermore, to determine whether exercise training could increase GLUT-4 protein levels in older animals. GLUT-4 protein concentration was measured in soleus, gastrocnemius, and extensor digitorum longus muscles of trained (10 or 15 wk treadmill running) and untrained young (6-8 mo), middle-aged (15-17 mo), and old (27-29 mo) Fischer 344 rats. All GLUT-4 protein values were expressed as a percent of the mean for the young untrained group. Two-way analysis of variance demonstrated significant main effects of both training and aging in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Exercise training produced significant increases in GLUT-4 protein in the soleus muscle of young (273 +/- 32.9 vs. 100 +/- 38.5%) and middle-aged rats (215 +/- 19.9 vs. 108 +/- 33.2%) compared with sedentary controls. Similar significant increases were also found in the gastrocnemius muscle of young (169 +/- 20.1 vs. 100 +/- 5.8%) and middle-aged rats (167 +/- 46.7 vs. 60 +/- 7.9%) with training. In the oldest rats, GLUT-4 was not significantly increased with training, but the trend toward an increase was apparent in all three muscle types. The main effect of aging was primarily due to a statistically significant difference between the old trained and young trained rats. A trend toward decreased GLUT-4 with aging was apparent in the untrained animals, but this was not statistically significant.

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