scholarly journals Histopathology of Macrophomina Stem Canker Disease in Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Sandeep K. Maurya ◽  
Surinder Kaur ◽  
Vijay B. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Macrophomina phaseolina, causal agent of stem canker disease has recently emerged as an agriculturally important plant pathogen. Macrophomina stem canker disease (MSD), caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is a potentially serious disease in pigeonpea that occurs when reaches physiological maturity i.e., during flowering. The fungus incites necrotic lesions on stem and girdles the plant at the base leading to premature flower drop leading to complete witling and finally death of the entire plant. The mechanisms of infection remain to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated histopathology of MSD caused by M. phaseolina in pigeonpea seed and seedlings using light microscopy. Pigeonpea variety ‘Bahar’ was used in this study. Histopathological sections of seed, stem, root, and leaves were prepared and stained with safranin and trypan blue. Histopathology of the infected plant parts showed the presence of intercellular mycelia and microsclerotia in the cortex and vascular tissues. The germ tube colonized the plant with growth of seedlings following seed coat, cotyledon, stem, root and leaves. According to the results, the pathogen can penetrate and invade the seeds within 24 h post inoculation.

scholarly journals Volutella leaf blight and stem canker on Japanese pachysandra in the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 10-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Šafránková
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Serious Disease

Woody ornamental cover plants of Japanese pachysandra (<i>P. terminalis</i> S. et Z.) are planted in parks and gardens in the Czech Republic. A serious disease of these plants is Volutella leaf blight and stem canker caused by the fungus <i>Pseudonectria pachysandricola</i> (anamorph <i>Volutella pachysandricola</i>). It was described by DODGE (1944) in the United States and appeared in Europe in the 1980s. Volutella pachysandricola was isolated from Japanese pachysandra (<i>P. terminalis</i> cvs. Green Carpet and Variegata) from leaf spots and stem and stolon cankers in Brno in 2000&minus;2003. The tan or brown spots with brown margins, often with concentric zones, develop on infected leaves. Stem and stolon cankers appear as water-soaked diseased areas, the stem often turns brown, shrivels and girdles. The infection often begins in damaged or senescent plant parts and spreads into the healthy tissues. Pink-orange sporodochia with spores form on newly killed stems and leaves during humid spring and summer periods. Ascospores develop in red-orange perithecia on the same tissues.

Infection of different plant parts of soybean seedlings by southern Diaporthe phaseolorum and its role in the development of stem canker symptoms

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2104-2108 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Ploetz ◽  
F. M. Shokes
Keyword(s):  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Diaporthe Phaseolorum ◽  
Leaf Infection ◽  
Positive Correlations

Leaves, petioles, petiole bases, and stems of 'Hutton' soybean seedlings (V5-V6) were inoculated with ascospores and α-conidia of southern Diaporthe phaseolorum to determine the relative importance of these plant parts as infection sites. This objective was accomplished in two experiments either by removing certain plant parts after inoculation and incubation for infection (48 h) or by protecting plant parts from infection during inoculation and incubation of plants. In both cases, plant parts were assayed for infection 48 h after inoculation and after plants had reached the R3 growth stage (66 and 56 days after inoculation for experiments 1 and 2, respectively); symptom development was rated at the end of each experiment. Significant, positive correlations were detected between the incidence and severity of symptoms and the infection of either stems 48 h after inoculation (P < 0.01 and 0.05, respectively) or petiole bases at the end of the experiments (P < 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). Development of symptoms was not significantly correlated (P ≥ 0.05) with infection of petioles, petiole bases, or leaves 48 h after inoculation. These results suggest an important and causal role for infection of petiole bases and stems in the development of the symptoms of this disease. Leaf infection appears to be unimportant in the stem canker disease cycle in the southeastern United States.

scholarly journals First Report of Macrophomina phaseolina Causing Trunk and Cordon Canker Disease of Grapevine in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Nouri ◽  
G. Zhuang ◽  
C. M. Culumber ◽  
F. P. Trouillas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
First Report

scholarly journals First Report of Stem Canker Disease of Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus and H. polyrhizus) Caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 906-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Chuang ◽  
H. F. Ni ◽  
H. R. Yang ◽  
S. L. Shu ◽  
S. Y. Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
First Report ◽  
Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum ◽  
Succulent Plant ◽  
Sterile Medium ◽  
Hylocereus Undatus

Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus and H. polyrhizus Britt. & Rose), a perennial succulent plant grown in the tropics, is becoming an emerging and important fruit plant in Taiwan. In September of 2009 and 2010, a number of pitaya plants were found to have a distinctive canker on stems. The disease expanded quickly to most commercial planting areas in Taiwan (e.g., Pintung, Chiayi, and Chunghua). Symptoms on the stem were small, circular, sunken, orange spots that developed into cankers. Pycnidia were erumpent from the surface of the cankers and the stems subsequently rotted. After surface disinfestation with 0.1% sodium hypochloride, tissues adjacent to cankers were placed on acidified potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at room temperature for 1 week, after which colonies with dark gray-to-black aerial mycelium grew. Hyphae were branched, septate, and brown and disarticulated into 0- to 1-septate arthrospores. Sporulation was induced by culturing on sterile horsetail tree (Casuarina equisetifolia) leaves. Conidia (12.79 ± 0.72 × 5.14 ± 0.30 μm) from pycnidia were one-celled, hyaline, and ovate. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA was PCR amplified with primers ITS1 and ITS4 (2) and sequenced. The sequence (GenBank Accession No. HQ439174) showed 99% identity to Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (Penz.) Crous & Slippers (GenBank Accession No. GQ330903). On the basis of morphology and nucleotide-sequence identity, the isolates were identified as N. dimidiatum (1). Pathogenicity tests were conducted in two replicates by inoculating six surface-sterilized detached stems of pitaya with either mycelium or conidia. Mycelial plugs from 2-day-old cultures (incubated at 25°C under near UV) were inoculated to the detached stems after wounding with a sterile needle. Conidial suspensions (103 conidia/ml in 200 μl) were inoculated to nonwounded stems. Noninoculated controls were treated with sterile medium or water. Stems were then incubated in a plastic box at 100% relative humidity and darkness at 30°C for 2 days. The symptoms described above were observed on inoculated stems at 6 to 14 days postinoculation, whereas control stems did not develop any symptoms. N. dimidiatum was reisolated from symptomatic tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. dimidiatum causing stem canker of pitaya. References: (1) P. W. Crous et al. Stud. Mycol. 55:235, 2006. (2) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, New York, 1990.

Teratosphaeria stem canker disease on Eucalypt in Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-515
Author(s):  
Salvatore Vitale ◽  
Laura Luongo ◽  
Etienne G. J. Danchin ◽  
Giovanni Mughini ◽  
Maria Gras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Canker ◽  
Canker Disease

Diagnosing stem diseases.

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-196
Author(s):  
Shou-Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Southern Blight ◽  
Athelia Rolfsii

Abstract This chapter provides information on diagnosis of stem diseases, including disease symptoms, visual and microscopic examination, isolation and colony observation, DNA-based identification, and pathogenicity test. Stem disease management are also discussed. Hemp diseases including hemp southern blight (Athelia rolfsii), hemp charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina), hemp stem canker, stem rot and crown rot (Fusarium), hemp crown rot (Pythium) among others were used as models.

scholarly journals Phoma stem canker disease on oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in China is caused by Leptosphaeria biglobosa ‘brassicae’

2014 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Liu ◽  
Akinwunmi O. Latunde-Dada ◽  
Avice M. Hall ◽  
Bruce D. L. Fitt
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Phoma Stem Canker ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Leptosphaeria Biglobosa

scholarly journals Variability of PSPAL1 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene-1) proximal promoter sequence and expression in pea challenged with Mycosphaerella pinodes

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Okorska ◽  
D. Michalczyk ◽  
A. Okorski ◽  
A. Piotrowicz-Cieślak ◽  
P. Pupel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Proximal Promoter ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Exon 1 ◽  
Weak Negative Correlation ◽  
High Level

Part of the PSPAL1 gene (corresponding to the proximal promoter, exon 1 and intron) from eight pea varieties was sequenced and compared to the published sequence of PSPAL1 gene from Midoriusui cultivar (GenBank: D10002.1). The sequences showed a very high level of identity (96&ndash;99%), except in five varieties there occurred a motif TTATTACAAAATATTA close to the Goldberg-Hogness (TATA) box, and it was not detected in the other four varieties, including Midoriusui. Plants of eight pea varieties were subjected to controlled infection with Mycosphaerella pinodes and the disease index was determined (it ranged from 5.2 to 42.3%). The PSPAL1 gene of the most resistant cultivar (Walor) contained the above-mentioned motif and that of the most susceptible (Polar) did not. However, the relationship was not clear in varieties with intermediate levels of resistance. In four varieties (Walor, Ezop, Ramrod and Polar) the expression level of PSPAL1 gene in leaves was analysed (1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 h post inoculation) and it showed a weak negative correlation with disease severity (R= &ndash; 0.53). The activation of PSPAL1 gene occurred not only in infected pea leaves but also in stems and &ndash; to a much lower degree &ndash; in roots (with the relative level of PSPAL1 transcripts amounting to 0.15 in roots and 38.75 in leaves), indicating some kind of signal transmission beyond the infected plant tissues.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document