scholarly journals Motives, benefits, and challenges of Higher Education expansion in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Jasmin Omary Chunga ◽  
Ayubu Ismail Ngao
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Expansion ◽  
Education Expansion ◽  
Open Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Higher Education In China ◽  
Societal Problems

China believes in education as an investment of human capital for future returns. It has been a long-time desire for the Chinese government to expand and invest in higher education. The leadership of Deng Xiaoping inspired Chinese people about education it should be open over the world, for the future, and towards modernization. The purpose of higher education in global views is to promote the development of a nation in political, economic, technical, and social spheres. There are gradual changes in higher education after the open policy in China, which influences the expansion of higher education institutions. Higher education acts as a tunnel to prepare several professionals and talents, which will be helpful to the social changes in science and social science programs. Global competence leads the Chinese government to expand higher education in enrollment rate and improves the quality of higher education in acquiring competent knowledge that copes with the global market. This paper focused on reviewing literary works on motives, benefits, and challenges of higher education expansion in China through reviewing different studies from local and international perspectives. From compulsory through higher education, the curriculum should place a greater emphasis on competency. To deal with the wind of unemployment caused by the rise of higher education in China, the government should encourage and support graduates to find innovative and creative skills. For China's economy to grow quicker, a well-educated society requires graduates to apply their skills to solve many societal problems.

scholarly journals From massification towards post-massification: Policy and governance of higher education in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 221258682110460
Author(s):  
Bowen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Chinese Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Higher Education Expansion ◽  
Education Expansion ◽  
State Education ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Higher Education In China ◽  
Education In China

Chinese higher education institutions have experienced an unprecedented expansion and major reforms since the late 1990s. The revolutionary growth has not only established the largest higher education system in the world but has also transformed an elite system to a post-massified one over the last two decades. The expansion policy was largely an economically justified proposal that has emerged under certain conditions. However, reform has been criticised for not delivering the promised outcomes. The article examines the historical development of higher education expansion in China, investigating its rationales, practices and the extent to which the policy has become a paradox during massification. As China moves into the post-massification stage, the article forecasts emerging policy trends and highlights future challenges. It considers restructuring state-education relationship through mechanisms of funding, provision and regulation as options for governing the ever growing and massifying system more sustainably in the upcoming era.

scholarly journals Strategic Policy on the Development of Higher Education in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Culture Of Learning ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Strategic Policy ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Higher Education In China ◽  
Education In China

Asian Universities rank high in the global universities, while western universities decline due to the the quality of higher education. There are several reasons owing to the rise of Asian universities including the increase in the enrollment, active research circumstances, the Asian culture of learning, etc. China has the long history of education and the earliest education can be traced back to Yu period (2257-2208 BC). Then, education in China evolves according to different dynasties and country policies. What is worth to mention is that Chinese government plays an essential role in the development of higher education in China like supplying financial support, making 985 and 211 program, and enlarging of enrollment.

Internationalisation of Higher Education in China: A Critical Analysis

Social Change ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-658
Author(s):  
Tesfaldet Ghilay Frezghi ◽  
Samson Maekele Tsegay
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
International Student ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Internationalisation Of Higher Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Higher Education In China ◽  
Chinese International Student ◽  
Education In China ◽  
Academic Services

Internationalisation is becoming the main catalyst for the development of higher education in China. Through document analysis, this study explores the concept of internationalisation by examining the role of the Chinese government and student mobility. The study argues that internationalisation of higher education in China is directed by the government with financial and diplomatic leverages. The government exerts significant influence on higher education institutions (HEIs) through legislation, funding, planning and evaluation. Furthermore, the study notes that internationalisation of higher education is providing China with economic and cultural capital. However, there still is a lot of work to be done to advance the internationalisation process of Chinese HEIs. The HEIs need to further strengthen and expand their international programmes. They should also provide adequate social and academic services to international students, and promote Chinese–international student interaction.

scholarly journals Internationalization of Higher Education in China: Modern Trends

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
S. S. Donetskaya ◽  
Yan Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Internationalization Of Higher Education ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Government ◽  
Higher Education In China ◽  
Education In China

The article analyzes the processes of internationalization of higher education in China at the beginning of the 21st century. Based on data from the Ministry of Education of China, legislation and publications that are publicly available on the Chinese Internet, it is shown how the number of students visiting China, their preferences in choosing universities and educational programs changed from 2000 to 2016. Information on government activities to support international students is provided.The internationalization of higher education plays an important role in the foreign-policy activities of modern China. Foreign students teaching and expanding of Chinese language teaching in foreign countries can be considered as the “soft power” of influence of Chinese national culture. Such actions from the point of view of the Chinese government should contribute to the formation of an attractive image of China, reduce the level of external threats, increase stability and economic prosperity of the country. Therefore, the government aims to attract as many foreign students as possible, especially from neighboring countries, and spends a lot of money on these purposes. The policy of internationalization of education has achieved significant results over the past 15 years. Today, students from all over the world obtain higher educationin China. The number of foreign students increased in 2016 compared to 2000 by 8.4 times, reaching almost 450 thousand people. The possibilities for foreign students to choose profession and university have expanded. Now they come to China not only to learn Chinese, but also to obtain qualifications in engineering, economics, management and Western medicine.

scholarly journals The Internationalization Of Higher Education In China: The Role Of Government

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuhui Li
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Executive Director ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Internationalization Of Higher Education ◽  
Chinese Higher Education ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Higher Education In China ◽  
National Governments

In the process of internationalizing higher education, national governments play their role differently, and the relationship between Chinese institutions and the government is significantly different from that experienced by Western institutions. A critical distinction is that Chinese institutions are both academic entities and government institutions that implement government policies and goals. In relation to the internationalization of higher education, the Chinese government has shown a strong supporting attitude and has four main roles: national strategy designer and program planner, major funding provider, executive director, and regulator and supervisor. The internationalization of Chinese higher education has always been strategically designed and programmed by the government; consequently institutions formulate their own strategies and plans within the framework of the national ones. Though fundamental reforms are being implemented continuously, the Chinese government is still the major provider of funding for internationalization, just as it is for the whole public education sector. The Chinese government also acts like the executive director of a corporation in managing the internationalization of higher education. Government regulation and supervision are deeply embedded in the daily operation of Chinese institutions owing to political anxieties and economic considerations. The government’s four roles could be seen as inevitable and shared widely by many national governments, yet they are essential for characterizing the way the Chinese government plays its roles. This paper presents a theoretical exploration of governmental roles in internationalizing higher education, a topic that has attracted too little attention and requires further systematic analysis by educational researchers.

scholarly journals Sentiment Analysis of Public Opinions on the Higher Education Expansion Policy in China

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110407
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Yu ◽  
Shiyong Wu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Mingxi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Public Opinions ◽  
Graduate Employment ◽  
Higher Education Expansion ◽  
Education Expansion ◽  
Permanent Resident ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Expansion Policy

Drawing on sentiment analysis, this study explores public opinions on the higher education expansion policy that was specifically implemented by China’s government to navigate graduate employment difficulties against the impact of COVID-19. The results indicated that the overall degree of acceptance of the expansion plan was highly positive, but some people expressed negative opinions and concerns about over-education and deferral of employment pressure. The results also suggested that the government is expected to deal with the balance between higher education expansion and graduate employment difficulties by prioritizing domestic graduate employment rather than opening up permanent resident applications for foreigners, allocating a regionally balanced expansion quota, covering social science disciplines, and creating more employment opportunities. The findings provide important suggestions for policymakers to improve policy practice and offer a referable sample for other countries in their management of graduate employment issues influenced by COVID-19.

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