Wirelessly Controlled Irrigation System

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Zain-Aldeen S. A.Rhman
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Controlled Irrigation

Improved Patient Safety Due to Catheter-Based Gas Bubble Removal During TURBT

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Holger Fritzsche ◽  
Elmer Jeto Gomes Ataide ◽  
Axel Boese ◽  
Michael Friebe
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Gas Bubble ◽  
Suction System ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Controlled Irrigation

TURBT (transurethral resection of bladder tumor) is a standard treatment for bladder cancer. Gas bubble formation is caused by the heating of the RF-electrode from the resectoscope, which causes visual impairments and can also lead to explosive gas formation. The purpose of this work is to find a proper technical solution for removing the air bubbles and toxic gases during electro-resection thereby providing patient safety as well as better operating comfort for surgeons. A continuously controlled irrigation system and catheter based simultaneous suction system was designed, implemented and tested, with an average removal rate of 70% of the air bubbles and gases that appeared inside the urinary bladder. The setup was tested using a dedicated phantom.

Evaluation of a soil moisture sensor to reduce water and nutrient leaching in turfgrass (Cynodon dactylon cv. Wintergreen)

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Pathan ◽  
L. Barton ◽  
T. D. Colmer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Couch Grass ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Controlled Irrigation ◽  
Conventional Irrigation

This study evaluated water application rates, leaching and quality of couch grass (Cynodon dactylon cv. Wintergreen) under a soil moisture sensor-controlled irrigation system, compared with plots under conventional irrigation scheduling as recommended for domestic lawns in Perth, Western Australia by the State’s water supplier. The cumulative volume of water applied during summer to the field plots of turfgrass with the sensor-controlled system was 25% less than that applied to plots with conventional irrigation scheduling. During 154 days over summer and autumn, about 4% of the applied water drained from lysimeters in sensor-controlled plots, and about 16% drained from lysimeters in plots with conventional irrigation scheduling. Even though losses of mineral nitrogen via leaching were extremely small (representing only 1.1% of the total nitrogen applied to conventionally irrigated plots), losses were significantly lower in the sensor-controlled plots. Total clippings produced were 18% lower in sensor-controlled plots. Turfgrass colour in sensor-controlled plots was reduced during summer, but colour remained acceptable under both treatments. The soil moisture sensor-controlled irrigation system enabled automatic implementation of irrigation events to match turfgrass water requirements.

scholarly journals Petunia Growth and Maintenance in the Landscape as Influenced by Alternative Irrigation Strategies

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 771B-771
Author(s):  
Sloane M. Scheiber* ◽  
Richard C. Beeson
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Controlled Irrigation ◽  
Alternative Irrigation

Petunia `Midnight' were grown in drainage lysimeters in an open-sided clear polyethylene covered shelter to evaluate growth responses in response to alternative irrigation strategies. Three irrigation methods were evaluated: tensiometer-controlled automatic irrigation system, regularly scheduled irrigation utilizing an automated controller, and human perception of plant irrigation need. Drainage lysimeters (250 L) were backfilled with native sand field soil to simulate landscape conditions and managed with Best Management Practices. Following establishment, lysimeters irrigated by an automated controller were irrigated 1.3 cm daily. Tensiometer-controlled lysimeters were irrigated when plant available water (2.5 kPa to 1.5 MPa) had declined to 70% or less, and were irrigated back to field capacity. Canopy growth indices and leaf gas exchange measurements were evaluated relative to irrigation strategies. Actual evapotranspiration was calculated for each replication. Daily irrigation resulted in significantly higher assimilation rates, transpiration rates, and final shoot dry weights than the other treatments tested. Assimilation rates and transpiration rates were significantly higher for tensiometer-controlled irrigation than the human judged treatment, but no differences were found in final shoot dry mass.

scholarly journals Intermittent CaCl2 Sprays during Rain to Prevent Sweet Cherry Cracking

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 793F-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Thomas Fernandez ◽  
James A. Flore
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Controlled Irrigation ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Water Potential Gradient ◽  
Rain Events

Fruit of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) crack during or after rain due, in part, to absorption of water through the fruit surface driven by the water potential gradient. In 1972, J. Vittrup-Christensen suggested that overhead misting of calcium salts during precipitation may be an effective way to prevent cherry cracking by reducing the water potential gradient. We tested this hypothesis by designing a computer-controlled irrigation system to intermittently spray a 10% CaCl2 solution on trees during rain events. Spray emitters were placed in the middle and at the top of the canopy. The program turned the system on for 90 s at each 0.3 mm of rain and monitored daily rainfall and accumulated mist times. Two `Emperor Francis' and two `Ulster' were treated with equal number of controls. Intact and cracked cherries were counted on four branches per tree at three times when cherries were susceptible to cracking. Overall, cracking was reduced from 33% to 11% by the CaCl2 spray at the end of the experiment. Treated `Ulster' had 9% cracked fruit, while control had 43% cracked fruit. Differences for `Emperor Francis' were not significant. Phytotoxicity was estimated at about 15 % of leaf area. This system will be reevaluated in 1995 with the added objective of quantifying and reducing phytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Substrate Moisture Content Effects on Growth and Shelf Life of Angelonia angustifolia

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Bingham Jacobson ◽  
Terri W. Starman ◽  
Leonardo Lombardini
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Controlled Irrigation ◽  
Substrate Moisture

Wilting during shelf life is a major cause of postharvest shrink for bedding plants shipped long distances from production greenhouses to retail outlets. The objective of this research was to determine if irrigation at lower, constant substrate moisture content (SMC) during greenhouse production would be a feasible way to acclimate plants for reduced shrinkage during shelf life while potentially conserving irrigation water. In two separate experiments conducted in the fall and spring seasons, rooted plugs of Angelonia angustifolia ‘Angelface Blue’ (angelonia) were grown in greenhouse production until a marketable stage in substrates irrigated at SMC levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% using a controlled irrigation system. At the end of the greenhouse production stage, plants were irrigated to container capacity and subjected to a simulated shipping environment in shipping boxes in the dark for 2 days. After shipping, plants were placed back in the greenhouse and watered minimally to simulate a retail environment. Data were taken at the end of each stage, i.e., greenhouse production, simulated shipping, and simulated retail. Results indicated that as SMC decreased from 40% to 10%, plants were shorter in height but had proportional and more compact flowering sections. The volume of water received by the 40% SMC plants was three times greater (fall) and 12 times greater (spring) than the 20% SMC plants during greenhouse production and two times greater (fall) and nine time greater (spring) during simulated retail. During production, midday water potentials decreased as the SMC levels decreased, but at the end of the simulated retail, the midday water potentials were the same, suggesting that plants that were drought-stressed during production were acclimated to lower water levels experienced in retail settings. Overall, the 20% SMC treatment produced the best postharvest quality plant resulting from reduced plant height without detrimental effects on flowering. The results demonstrate that while conserving water, controlled irrigation at a lower SMC can produce high-quality plants that have equal shelf life to those that are irrigated at high levels.

scholarly journals Rate-controlled intraventricular endoscopic irrigation via bipolar foot pedal activation: technical note

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-438
Author(s):  
Reid Hoshide ◽  
Robert C. Rennert ◽  
Carlos E. Sanchez ◽  
Joel R. Martin ◽  
Vincent J. Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Perioperative Complications ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Irrigation Flow ◽  
Single Operator ◽  
Controlled Irrigation ◽  
Rate Controlled ◽  
Manual Manipulation

Irrigation during intraventricular endoscopic surgery is critical for visualization, with normal intracranial pressure maintained by balancing fluid ingress and egress. Although irrigation is typically achieved through manual manipulation of inexact stopcocks, the authors have developed a rate-controlled, foot pedal–activated system for precise intraventricular irrigation by using a standard irrigating bipolar electrocautery machine.This study is a retrospective review of patients who underwent endoscopic intraventricular surgery between January 1, 2018, and September 25, 2019, in which this irrigation system was used. Important components of this system include a bipolar module irrigation regulator that is set to a desired rate, a secure connection of the bipolar irrigation tubing to the endoscope, and one or more open egress ports on the endoscope for passive fluid drainage. Nineteen consecutive patients were identified on review (average age ± SD, 4.3 ± 4.1 years). Procedures performed included third ventriculostomies (n = 10); arachnoid/choroid cyst fenestrations/resections (n = 3); biopsy/tumor resection (n = 1); and combined procedures (n = 5). Foot pedal–controlled irrigation provided visualization of all intraventricular structures. A single operator was able to control the endoscope, endoscopic instruments, and irrigation, with assistance as indicated for more complex maneuvers. There were no perioperative complications. Because this setup is easily constructed from a standard irrigating bipolar machine, delivers precise irrigation flow rates, and facilitates a single-surgeon bimanual technique, these data support the utility of foot-controlled irrigation for endoscopic intraventricular surgery.

scholarly journals Arduino Controlled Irrigation System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabilananthan Asokan ◽  
Nur-E-Afra Anika ◽  
Bryar Pim
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Controlled Irrigation

scholarly journals Morphology and Irrigation Efficiency of Gaura lindheimeri Grown with Capacitance Sensor-controlled Irrigation

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1555-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie E. Burnett ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Nonpoint Source Pollution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nonpoint Source ◽  
Capacitance Sensor ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Phlox Paniculata ◽  
Controlled Irrigation ◽  
Water Contents

Gaura lindheimeri Engelm. & Gray ‘Siskiyou Pink’ (gaura) and Phlox paniculata L. ‘David’ (garden phlox) were grown for 5 weeks in substrates irrigated at volumetric water contents (Θ) of 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, or 0.45 m3·m−3 using a capacitance sensor-controlled irrigation system. Volumetric water contents of the substrate measured by the capacitance sensors controlling irrigation were correlated with measurements with a separate handheld meter (r 2 = 0.83) and with volumetric water content set points throughout the study (r 2 > 0.98). Only 3.8 (at an irrigation set point of 0.10 m3·m−3) to 53 L (0.45 m3·m−3) of water was used to irrigate gaura and phlox and 0 to 7.74 L of this water leached out of the substrates. Significant leaching occurred only at Θ set points of 0.40, or 0.45 m3·m−3. Gaura had shorter and fewer branches and reduced dry weight when grown at lower volumetric water contents, but plants irrigated at set points above 0.25 m3·m−3 were large enough to be marketable. Gaura may be grown with capacitance sensor-automated irrigation using water efficiently and minimizing or eliminating leachate and thus nonpoint source pollution.

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