Perancangan Pembangkit Listrik Pikohydro Dengan Tipe Turbin Screw

The screw type water turbine is one type of water turbine that has the potential to generate electricity on a small scale that is environmentally friendly, where this screw type water turbine is very suitable for rivers and irrigation flows in the territory of Indonesia because the use or operation of this turbine only requires low turbine head, looking at the potential for irrigation river water flow with a discharge range of 0.01-0.1 m3/s located in the lowlands in a Karawang district, it is possible to install or apply this screw type water turbine. In this study aims to be able to utilize the source of irrigation flow so that it can be converted into a source of electrical energy that can be utilized by local residents and for lighting on roads that are still poorly lit. In the process of designing a screw type water turbine, mechanical calculations are carried out to determine thedimensions of the turbine blades, turbine shaft, transmission systems such as pulleys and belts, as well as the power that can be generated by the turbine, with a relative head between 0.5 meters, 0.75 meters, and 0.9 meters and determine the correct components. The results of this calculation are obtained in the form of output power from each different head height for head 0.5, the power obtained is 220.89795 watts, for the 0.75 m head, the power is 394.29519 watts, and for the height 0.9, the output power is 356.13926 watts, the results of the design will then be made and will be realized.

Fiber-optic laser energy for pulmonary artery denervation: results of an experimental study

Background/Introduction Pulmonary artery denervation (PADN) is an interventional procedure aiming to modulate and correct pulmonary artery (PA) pressure. New technologies and energy sources are being tested currently. However, the effects of laser energy on the PA wall are unknown. Purpose To assess the acute effects and impact of laser energy for PADN procedure in normotensive sheep by applying different power settings and session times. Methods A total of 10 normotensive Katumsky sheep were included in the experiment. Percutaneous vascular access was performed under general anesthesia. A fiberoptic open-irrigated non-steerable catheter was introduced via a femoral vein through a steerable sheath. Laser applications were applied in the PA trunk and the proximal areas of the right and left PA under fluoroscopic guidance with a 5mm distance between points in the anterior, posterior and lateral walls. Applications were delivered with power 10–30W, 10–35s in duration; irrigation flow 40ml/min. After the procedure, experimental animals were euthanized and underwent an autopsy. PA samples were obtained regardless of the absence of visible laser-related lesions for histological analysis (hematoxylin staining) and immunohistochemical labelling (S100). Results A total of 108 ablation sessions were performed, 33 in the right PA, 30 in the left PA and 42 in the PA trunk. During macroscopic examination, laser-related lesions described as irregular brown hemorrhage spots and rough defects observed in the PA endothelium were not homogenous in all experimental animals. Thermal injuries either in the left or right lung lobes were identified in 5 (50%) experimental animals when using 30W during 10–20sec. In 5 (50%) sheep no collateral lung injuries were identified when using 10–20W from 20–35s. A total of 64 PA fragments underwent microscopic examination, acute thermal tissue lesions were observed in all experimental animals despite the absence of laser-related lesions in the PA endothelium; dissection, edema, disruption trough tunica layers, hemorrhage and necrosis at different depth walls. The most frequent nerve damage was obtained with 20W ablation: 5/8 PAs vs, 1/6 with 10–15W and 1/14 with 25–30W (P=0.01). At the same time, there was no difference in intima necrosis between the groups (1/6, 2/8 and 4/14 for 10–15, 20 and 25–30W groups, respectively). Conclusion(s) Percutaneous PA laser ablation is feasible, reduction of perivascular nerve expression is seen most frequently, when 20W/20–35 s ablation is performed. PA lesions may differ in depth and characteristics, and perivascular nerve damage might be seen in cases with preserved intima. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Grant of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation

Biosense Webster’s QDOT Micro™ radiofrequency ablation catheter

The QDOT Micro™ catheter (Biosense Webster, Inc., CA, USA) is a new radiofrequency ablation catheter based on the SmartTouch SF™ (Biosense Webster, Inc.). It combines diffuse external irrigation with six thermocouples located within the outer metal shell and three additional microelectrodes in a 3.5 mm-tip contact force radiofrequency catheter. This article focuses on the different characteristics of the catheter, which incorporates the ability of high power delivery, irrigation flow control based on temperature sensing through the six thermocouples and the generation of microelectrograms. An outline of its performance in preclinical and clinical setting is presented, showing promising results, especially concerning procedural efficiency and short-term safety. Additional studies need to confirm long-term effectiveness, and durability studies should evaluate whether superiority on a lesion quality level can be achieved.

Farming with drip sea water irrigation for Salicornia production in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

Farming for the sustainable production of halophyte crops should begin with the popular knowledge of saline and beneficial plants. On this way, the use of drip irrigation with seawater supply for the production of the halophytic specie Salicornia magellanica was evaluated in a small-scale culture in three growth periods; a randomized design of fifteen plantings were developed in each treatment (n=15), with two irrigation flows in two plant stages (two and seven months of initial pre-planting growth in pots). At the same time, another hydroponic growing experiment was carried out with four different concentrations of seawater (0 – 11 – 20 – 33 g.L of salts) to determine the optimal concentration. The irrigation flow showed different effects on the production parameters and plant age, where the highest yields were recorded in more developed plants in the third season. In the hydroponics with sea water those with low concentration, had a greater and significant values in survival of plants, largest length and number of shoots. These results made it possible to model the consumption of seawater for crops in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina optimizing its use in order to reduce the cost of the provision of seawater for micro crops far from the sea coast.

Monitoring and Controlling Saturation Zones in Heap Leach Piles Using Thermal Analysis

This manuscript describes a method that is based on the implementation and setup of a mechatronic system that can recognize and detect, through thermal analysis, the zones where heap leaching piles may become locally saturated. Such a condition could trigger the potential of liquefaction, generating local or general collapse in the pile. In order to reduce this potential danger, and therefore achieve full stability in the pile, the irrigation system must be properly controlled; for instance, in potentially saturated zones, the irrigation flow can be reduced or eliminated until the saturation has disappeared. The mechatronic system consists of a hexacopter, equipped with a thermal infrared camera mounted on its structure and pointing down to the ground, which is used to obtain the temperature information of the heat transfer between the heap pile and the environment. Such information is very useful, as the level of saturated zones can then be traced. The communication between the operator of the irrigation system and the mechatronic system is based on a radio-frequency link, in which geo-referenced images are transmitted.

MEMANFAATKAN IRIGASI SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI LISTRIK MIKROHIDRO DI SINGOSAREN WUKIRSARI BANTUL JOGJAKARTA

The development of contemporary technology provides a variety of environmental impacts, both positive and negative. This is a logical consequence of every development of life for people both in rural and urban areas, through the Tri Dharma for universities, a lecturer should do community service. Community service taking tofik Utilizing Irrigation as a Micro Hydro Energy Source in Singosaren Wukirsari Imogiri Bantul, Jogjakarta. Sources of electric power are a basic human need in meeting their daily needs, so that electricity plays a very important role in technological developments and future developments. The plant specifications are planned to be adjusted to the water discharge capacity and irrigation flow speed, with a capacity of 1000VA, frequency of 50 Hz, output voltage of 220 Volt with a rotation of 1500 rpm. The voltage generated is a 1-phase AC alternating voltage. With the existence of a micro hydro generator in Wukirsari Village, it will have a positive impact on the community, as a means of lighting for public roads so that the security can be maintained.

Implementation of Water Debit Measurement Using Microcontroller-Connected Flow Meters

This research was conducted to measure water flow by implementing the Flow Meter tool. This was connected to a microcontroller and monitored through the website. In addition, the research was performed in stages, including (1) problem identification; (2) data collection; (3) hardware and software analysis, design, as well as website interfaces; (4) implementation and testing; and (5) concluding the development of hardware and software created. The results indicate the successful implementation of a water flow measurement prototype. This produced real-time data, updated every minute and displayed the required information on a website for direct monitoring. The study outcome is expected to be directly applied in dam or actual irrigation flow, and monitored on both website media and Android. Therefore, further research is required.

Analytic Representation of the Optimal Flow for Gravity Irrigation

The aim of this study is the deduction of an analytic representation of the optimal irrigation flow depending on the border length, hydrodynamic properties, and soil moisture constants, with high values of the coefficient of uniformity. In order not to be limited to the simplified models, the linear relationship of the numerical simulation with the hydrodynamic model, formed by the coupled equations of Barré de Saint-Venant and Richards, was established. Sample records for 10 soil types of contrasting texture were used and were applied to three water depths. On the other hand, the analytical representation of the linear relationship using the Parlange theory of infiltration proposed for integrating the differential equation of one-dimensional vertical infiltration was established. The obtained formula for calculating the optimal unitary discharge is a function of the border strip length, the net depth, the characteristic infiltration parameters (capillary forces, sorptivity, and gravitational forces), the saturated hydraulic conductivity, and a shape parameter of the hydrodynamic characteristics. The good accordance between the numerical and analytical results allows us to recommend the formula for the design of gravity irrigation.

Irrigation return flow causing a nitrate hotspot and denitrification imprints in groundwater at Tinwald, New Zealand

Nitrate concentrations in groundwater have been historically high (N≥11.3 mg L−1) in an area surrounding Tinwald, Ashburton, since at least the mid-1980s. The local community is interested in methods to remediate the high nitrate in groundwater. To do this, they need to know where the nitrate is coming from. Tinwald groundwater exhibits two features stemming from irrigation with local groundwater (i.e. irrigation return flow). The first feature is increased concentrations of nitrate (and other chemicals and stable isotopes) in a “hotspot” around Tinwald. The chemical concentrations of the groundwater are increased by recirculation of water already relatively high in chemicals. The irrigation return flow coefficient C (irrigation return flow divided by irrigation flow) is found to be consistent with the chemical enrichments. The stable isotopes of the groundwater show a similar pattern of enrichment by irrigation return flow of up to 40 % and are also enriched by evaporation (causing a loss of about 5 % of the original water mass). Management implications are that irrigation return flow needs to be taken into account in modelling of nitrate transport through soil–groundwater systems and in avoiding overuse of nitrate fertiliser leading to greater leaching of nitrate to the groundwater and unnecessary economic cost. The second feature is the presence of “denitrification imprints” (shown by enrichment of the δ15N and δ18ONO3 values of nitrate) in even relatively oxic groundwaters. The denitrification imprints can be clearly seen because (apart from denitrification) the nitrate has a blended isotopic composition due to irrigation return flow and N being retained in the soil–plant system as organic N. The nitrate concentration and isotopic compositions of nitrate are found to be correlated with the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. This denitrification imprint is attributed to localised denitrification in fine pores or small-scale physical heterogeneity where conditions are reducing. The implication is that denitrification could be occurring where it is not expected because groundwater DO concentrations are not low.