scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF AGRICULTURAL AREAS PROTECTION IN THE SYSTEM OF BIOLOGICAL FARMING

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Yurij S. Larionov ◽  
◽  
Konstantin S. Baikov ◽  
Valeriy B. Zharnikov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Root Turnover ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Biological Regulation ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Biological Farming

The aim of the work is to study the possibilities and develop recommendations for the formation of sustainable agricultural land use, primarily in relation to the protection and preservation of agricultural land in the system of biological farming (biofarming). The article characterizes the fundamentals of bio-agriculture, the role in its implementation of the law of soil fertility (Yu. S. Larionov, 2010), which determines a new vision of the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the principles for the formation of sustainable agricultural landscapes. The main result of the research is determined as the system of basic land protection measures, which provides land fertility in the system of biolog-ical farming based on root turnover and regulation of edaphytic and epiphytic processes, and includes: the crop rotation of different root system types on each field; green manuring and mulching; performing agricultural melioration measures, providing additional conditions for interaction of biota and inert matter; saving and collecting of water, as the basic energoinformational component of the agroecosystem in root layer; preservation of the integrity of arable and other soil horizons with living organisms living in them and in adjacent areas (in the biocenosis); biological regulation of the growth and development of cultivated plants to ensure their protection; carrying out biostimulation of the organic residues decomposition processes. This is the main content of the soil protection system of agricultural land, the stable preservation of their fertility in the system of biofarming, which can become the basis of ecologically verified agricultural production in the near future.

scholarly journals Evaluation of crop effects on runoff and washout of soil from the surface of agricultural land

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
J. Podhrázská ◽  
J. Uhlířová ◽  
S. Hejduk
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Technical Character ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Selection Of

Measurements of the runoff intensity (i.e. its volume and amounts of washed out soil particles) were performed on experimental plots with the slope gradient of 5° within the period of 2004–2008. Experimental plots were covered with different types of crops: crops with wide rows (maize, potatoes), no row crops (cereals) and permanent grasslands (both extensively and intensively managed). The main objective of this study was to quantify the effect of individual crops on the reduction of runoff and erosion transport (i.e. washout) of soil from the surface of agricultural land. Data measured on individual experimental plots were compared with control, which was represented by a plot of bare soil. As compared with control, markedly reduced values of both runoff and washout (86 and 99%, respectively) were measured on plots covered with cereals within the study period. In maize stands, the corresponding values were 21 and 11%, respectively. The obtained results may support and contribute to the proposal of organisational soil protection measures and their implementation on agricultural land. In erosion-endangered localities an appropriate selection of individual crops represents an important tool, which can significantly support other protective measures, especially those of technical character.

scholarly journals Industrial zones and their benefits for society

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 258-272
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Janků ◽  
Kristina Heřmanová ◽  
Josef Kozák ◽  
Jan Jehlička ◽  
Mansoor Maitah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
Land Quality ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Industrial Zones ◽  
The Eu

Currently, we can see a rapid decline of agricultural land with new uses, especially for construction purposes. This negative trend is evident across Europe, the Czech Republic has the fastest loss of land in the EU. One reason for the significant loss of agricultural land is building industrial zones, which utilises of greenfield areas, and their occupying new areas of agricultural land, often the most the most fertile. The analysis deals with the occupied area (the area of a particular industrial zone), the percentage utilisation of that industrial zone, the number of employees in the industrial zone, and the land quality expressed by means of the agricultural land protection class. The results of the analysis show the low usability of industrial zones, the large occupation of the agricultural land, and the low benefits to the Czech state and Czech citizens. The results also show the poor land use policy in relation to the soil protection. This work is followed by the project Sustainable management of natural resources with an emphasis on non-production and production ability of the soil, the results of which will be included in legislation and be binding for spatial planning.

scholarly journals Soil Conservation Measures: Assessment of Economic Efficiency in Terms of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Soil Conservation Measures

The solution of preserving and restoring the soil fertility problem of agricultural lands in the process of economic activity is one of the main tasks in achieving global food security. Implementation of a complex of soil protection measures, as a rule, ensures the preservation and even growth of soil fertility. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to determine the economic efficiency of introducing soil protection measures in the use of agricultural land. For this purpose, the following tasks were set and solved: the analysis of the current state and trends of the land resources use in agriculture; to investigate the tendencies of carrying out measures on preservation of soil fertility and prevention of its degradation; to substantiate scientific and methodical estimation principles of economic efficiency of introduction of soil protection measures in the conditions of Ukraine. The following basic methods were used to solve the research objectives: monographic analysis – when developing scientific publications on environmentally friendly use of agricultural land; comparative and statistical analysis – in studying the dynamics of the structure of the land fund of Ukraine by main types of land and economic activity; system-structural analysis and grouping – in the study of the nature and content of ecological and economic consequences of soil degradation, as well as approaches to assessing the economic effectiveness of soil protection measures; economic analysis and calculation of relative indicators – to evaluate the economic efficiency of soil protection measures in the process of agricultural land use; abstract-logical method - for theoretical generalizations and conclusions formation, etc. Established that soil degradation is now one of the most important industrial and environmental issues, which is the main reason for the inability to achieve high rates of environmental and economic efficiency of land use in the future. It was also substantiated scientific and methodical approach to determining the economic efficiency of soil conservation measures in the current market conditions, which is based on the additional income that is received as a result of increase crop yields on protected lands. It is established that effective protection of soils from degradation is possible with the systematic implementation of soil protection measures complex, developed taking into account the specific natural and economic conditions of each region or agricultural enterprise. The priority directions of realization measures on land protection are given.

Land take and industrial zones

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Janku ◽  
Josef Kozák ◽  
Kristina Macounová ◽  
Karel Jacko ◽  
Adéla Marie Marhoul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Soil Sealing ◽  
Industrial Zones

<p>Currently, we can see a rapid decline of agricultural land, especially for construction purposes. This negative trend is evident across Europe, the Czech Republic is the country with the fastest loss of land in the EU. One reason for the significant loss of agricultural land is building industrial zones is their utilisation of greenfield areas, and their occupying new areas of agricultural land, often the most the most fertile. The analysis deals with the occupied area (the area of a particular industrial zone), the percentage utilization of that industrial zone, the number of employees in the industrial zone, and the land quality expressed by means of the agricultural land protection class. The results of the analysis show the low usability of industrial zones, the large occupation of agricultural land, and the low benefits to the Czech state and Czech citizens. The results also show poor land use policy in relation to soil protection. This work is followed by the project Sustainable management of natural resources with emphasis on non-production and production ability of soil, the results of which will be included in legislation and binding for spatial planning.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> soil sealing, land take, land use changes, agricultural land management, land agriculture protection, brownfield</p>

Ukrainian Chernozem Fertility Reproduction under Soil Conservation Agriculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Yu. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Biological Potential

In Ukraine 57.5 % of agricultural land is subjected to erosion with 10–24 million tons of humus, 0.3–0.96 million tons of nitrogen, 0.7–0.9 million tons of phosphorus and 6–12 million tons of potassium lost annually. Degradation processes are also common on chernozems, which cover about 60 % of the Ukrainian territory. The aim of the research is to defi ne the most eff ective soil conservation practices and legislative decisions aimed to conservation/recovering the Ukrainian chernozem fertility. The experimental data of the agrochemical certifi cation of Ukrainian lands, data from scientifi c papers, stock and instructional materials as well as our own fi eld and laboratory studies were used. It has been established that the long-term use of deep subsurface tillage on typical chernozem increases, compared with plowing, the content of 10–0.25 mm of air-dry and water-resistant aggregates, the bulk density, soil water storages, water infi ltration rates, the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, pHH2O, CaCO3 stocks, the contents of humic and fulvic acids, molecular weights of humic acids – by 5.5 and 3.06 %; 0.05 g/cm3; 25.5 mm; 22.6 mm/h; 0.1 and 3 mg/100 g of soil; 0.03 pHH2O; 18 t/ha, 0.02 and 0.04 %, 91195 kDa, respectively. Fertilizers may contribute to the crop yields increase from by 60% in the Polissya, by 40 % – in the Forest Steppe, by 15 % – in the Wet Steppe, by 10 % – in the Dry Steppe and by 40 % – in the Irrigated Steppe areas. In soil-conservation rotations, the crop placement and alternation are advisable to combine with strips or hills sowing, taking into account the local relief features; soil alkalinization, applying anti-erosion structures. Ukrainian agriculture will receive additional 10–12 million tons of forage units or 20–22 % from all fodder in a fi eld agriculture under increasing 8–10 % of arable lands for intercrops. It is advisable to mulch the eroded chernozems of Ukraine depending on their texture composition: 1.3 t/ha of mulch for sandy and loamy soils, 1.9 t/ha – for sandy and 1.1 t/ha – for loamy soils. The implementation of soil conservation agriculture can minimize some soil degradation processes and improve eff ective soil properties required to realize the biological potential of cultivated plants. Key words: chernozem, degradation, fertility, soil conservation technologies, agriculture policy.

scholarly journals Analysis of spatiotemporal changes of agricultural land after the Second World War in Czechia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vít Zelinka ◽  
Johana Zacharová ◽  
Jan Skaloš
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
German Population ◽  
World War ◽  
Landscape Type ◽  
Second World

AbstractThe term Sudetenland refers to large regions of the former Czechoslovakia that had been dominated by Germans. German population was expelled directly after the Second World War, between 1945 and 1947. Almost three million people left large areas in less than two years. This population change led to a break in the relationship between the people and the landscape. The aim of the study is to compare the trajectories of these changes in agricultural landscapes in lower and higher altitudes, both in depopulated areas and areas with preserved populations. This study included ten sites in the region of Northern Bohemia in Czechia (18,000 ha in total). Five of these sites represent depopulated areas, and the other five areas where populations remained preserved. Changes in the landscape were assessed through a bi-temporal analysis of land use change by using aerial photograph data from time hoirzons of 2018 and 1953. Land use changes from the 1950s to the present are corroborated in the studied depopulated and preserved areas mainly by the trajectory of agricultural land to forest. The results prove that both population displacement and landscape type are important factors that affect landscape changes, especially in agricultural landscapes.

scholarly journals Soil protection measures during sunflower farming on slopes of Rostov oblast

2021 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 012223
Author(s):  
E A Gaevaya ◽  
I N Ilyinskaya ◽  
O S Bezuglova ◽  
S A Taradin
Keyword(s):  
Rostov Oblast ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Protection Measures

scholarly journals On the Issue of Research of Information Support of Sustainable Agricultural Landscapes Formation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Shelter Belts ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Creation

Purpose. To characterize the methodological approaches that we develop in the formation of a system of information support for the creation and maintenance of the functioning of modern sustainable agricultural landscapes and to show the results of their implementation on the example of the territory of some agricultural enterprises of the Kharkiv region. Methods. Cartographic, geoinformation analysis, calculation, statistical and mathematical. Results. Some results of the work of the collective on the issues of information support for the creation and maintenance of the functioning of modern sustainable agricultural landscapes. Namely, verification of erosion models, studies of the functionality of shelter belts, the formation of an agroeconet (an extensive network of natural and quasi-natural landscapes) on agricultural land massifs, which ensures the maintenance of stable functioning of meso and macrolevel agrolandscapes, as well as the experience of using magnetic prospecting methods to verify the results of mathematical modeling of erosion processes. Conclusions. A number of methodological approaches to information support of the formation of sustainable agricultural landscapes in the natural and socio-economic conditions of Ukraine have been developed. They relate to the functioning of anti-erosion measures of permanent action, the processes of modern transformation of agro-landscapes, the ecological impact of erosion processes on the environment. The connection between the length of forest belts per unit of arable land and soil erosion is shown. A methodical approach has been developed to estimate the amount of soil washed away from arable land and to calculate the measures necessary to eliminate its harmful effects on the environment.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL LAND USE BASED ON LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-348
Author(s):  
Vladimir TATARINTSEV ◽  
◽  
Leonid TATARINTSEV ◽  
Alex MATSYURA ◽  
Andrei BONDAROVICH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Landscape Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Erosion Processes

The aim of the work was the landscape analysis of agricultural geographical landscapes in the Altai Territory and elaboration of measures aimed at the rational use of agricultural lands. Environmental and landscape (landscape) approach became the main method of scientific research used in the analysis of modern agricultural landscapes. The cartographic method, using GIS-technologies, made it possible to digitize the obtained materials. Synthesized maps of agro-ecological, natural and other zoning of territories are based on topographic, soil, geobotanical and other thematic maps made during land surveying during the field survey. Retrospective analysis, induction and deduction methods,analysis and synthesis, as well as the abstract-logic method were also used in the work. Our main result was the analysis of land use territory for agricultural enterprise in municipal district of Altai Krai. Exploration of lands indicates a pronounced plant-growing specialization of JSC “Pobeda” with a developed animal breeding direction. Limiting factors affecting the rational use of land are natural and climatic conditions, terrain,unsystematic anthropogenic activity and, as a result, the development of erosion processes. The degree of eroded and deflated arable land is more than 50%, hay and pasture lands are also very unstable. Landscapes have been typified, based on which eleven types of land have been identified and their geomorphological description has been carried out. The first five types of land can be used for agricultural production with limitations compensated by crop technology and erosion control measures, the sixth and seventh types require grassing and, in some cases,conservation, the eighth and ninth types can be partially used for pasture and area valorization; the remaining two are not suitable for agricultural use but should be potentially used for planting and forest management. As a result of the presented transformation of agricultural lands, the structure of cultivated areas has changed. The area of arable land decreased by 877 ha, and of pastures by 365 ha,while the area under hayfields, fallow lands, and forest lands increased by 295, 191, and 875 ha respectively. Low-productive lands were withdrawn from agriculture. We suggested that the sustainability of agricultural land use was mainly caused by the reduction of anthropogenic load and increase in ecological equilibrium of the territory.

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