STUDY OF THE RELIEF AND COASTLINE DYNAMICS OF LARGE COASTAL ACCUMULATIVE FORMS ACCORDING TO REMOTE SENSING DATA

The study of the relief of large coastal accumulative forms, based on modern technologies, is rele-vant for solving many applied problems. Coastal and underwater bars, shoals, banks are characteristic elements of large coastal accumulative forms’ geosystems. Previously existing methods of relief re-searches, especially underwater, were labor-intensive and expensive. Accordingly, the development and implementation of new methods of geographical research are necessary. The Dolgaya Spit, includ-ing its underwater shoal and the Elenin Bank, is one of the largest accumulative forms of the Sea of Azov. The purpose of our work was to obtain new information on the relief structure and the shoreline dynamics of the Dolgaya Spit based on the use of new research methods. Digital models of surface and underwater relief were built on the basis of processing Sentinel-2 satellite images and data from unmanned aerial photography. The subsequent analysis allowed identify regularities that reflect the current and previous hydro-lithodynamic conditions that determined the transformation of the Dolgaya Spit during its evolution. The fulfilled studies confirmed the possibility of successful use of modern remote methods for studying the relief of coastal accumulative forms.

TECHNIQUE OF AUTOMATIC MOBILE LASER SCANNING DATA FILTERING

The result of laser scanning is an array of laser points. The generation of a single point cloud in a given coordinate system is carried out during the registration process at the stage of preliminary field data processing. At this stage it is also often necessary to filter the data. Laser points with an erroneous position are eliminated during the data filleting. The number of erroneous laser points is determined by the of the laser scanner characteristics, surveyed area peculiarities and weather conditions. The devel-opment of methods and algorithms for filtering laser scanning data is carried out based on the analysis of the laser point spatial position and a certain set of additional characteristics, such as intensity value, echo signal, color value. The technique of mobile laser scanning data filtering for the territory of the road passing among the forest and close to individual industrial facilities and building. The main goal of the proposed filtration technique is to obtain data for automatic generation of an accurate digital terrain model. The filtration technique was developed for data acquired under the least favorable con-ditions – in wet weather. Accuracy estimation of generating digital terrain model based on filtered data was carried out.

SIMULATION OF DISPLACEMENT OF LANDSLIDES ON THE MATERIALS OF GEODESIC OBSERVATIONS AND ENGINEERING-GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS

The article discusses the possibilities of applying modeling of the stress-strain state of slopes to predict landslide hazard, which is very important for the successful implementation of all subsequent stages of design, construction and operation of engineering structures. The article considers the exist-ing approaches and methods used in the process of solving the problem, and determines the study as the type of mathematical modeling of the stress-strain state of a landslide body by the finite element method. It is shown that the selection of specific mathematical expressions for all subsequent calcula-tions is carried out depending on the specific type of landslide. The mechanisms of deformation and destruction of the slope under the action of gravitational forces are shown using the data of geodetic observations and engineering-geological surveys. As a result of the studies performed, calculations were made on several models illustrating the behavior of the soil massif of a landslide-prone slope. Stress patterns were obtained for a simple slope with a steepness of 35°, which coincide with the pre-viously published data of the physical experiment for the real open pit slope.

DIGITAL MODELING OF TREE AND SHRUB VEGETATION OF ACCUMULATIVE SEASHORE BASED ON AIR LASER SCANNING DATA

This article is devoted to the study of tree and shrub vegetation of the Anapa-bay bar, which has a direct impact on the formation of landscape, and affects the processes of accumulation and transfer of matter. The materials of air laser scanning made it possible to perform automated calculation of all trees and shrubs. Their quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed. The study area is divided into sections depending on the nature of the landscape and vegetation. By processing laser scanning data and digital aerial photography, digital models of each tree and shrub above 0.7 m were construct-ed. For the selected areas, the number of all elements and the area of vegetation is calculated up to each tree. As a result, of the study, the method of software selection of tree and shrub vegetation with automatic receipt of attribute information about the height and diameter of vegetation crowns was tested.

CREATION OF GIS-RESOURCES FOR PHYSIOGRAPHIC ZONING OF THE TRANSBOUNDARY RUSSIAN-MONGOLIAN TERRITORY

The article is aimed at the development of methodological foundations for the creation of geoin-formation resources of transboundary territories based on cartographic materials and remote sensing data, as well as physical and geographical zoning of the transboundary Russian-Mongolian territory. The methodological basis of the study is cartographic and statistical research methods, geoinformation technology, as well as processing and analysis of remote sensing data. As a result, the study deter-mines the features of geoinformation resources, presents their characteristics, develops a classification and substantiates their integrating value in making interstate territorial decisions. The article gives the physical and geographical characteristics of the territory, determines the scale of mapping, establishes the basic units of geoinformation mapping and modeling, creates the coverage of the basin division, and proposes a scheme for creating basic geoinformation resources for the physical and geographical zoning of the territory. Based on the analysis of the digital elevation model, the territory was zoned according to the morphometric parameters of the relief. As a result of processing and analysis of Landsat images at different times, the territory was zoned in terms of the amount of photosynthetically active biomass (NDVI). As a result of zoning, 6 physical-geographical regions and 33 physical-geographical areas were identified.

ANALYSIS OF CREATING BENCHMARK IMAGES METHODS TO TEST THE ACCURACY OF PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SOFTWARE

Digital photogrammetry is based on the use of specialized photogrammetric software (or digital photogrammetric systems) to solve problems related to the aerospace imagery processing. A wide range of programs and high price motivate consumers to choose the right software that responds to requirements of processing accuracy, amount of work, time of execution, etc. The main goal of this study is to analyze the existing methods of benchmark images creating to test photogrammetric pro-grams. The article carries out the analysis of existing techniques of creating benchmark images, classi-fication, selection of benchmark images types suitable for testing of photogrammetric software, and substantiates the necessity for checking of aerial survey results quality in specialized software.

PIPELINE TRANSPORT GEOSPACES

One of the important tasks of safe operation of pipeline systems is information support of produc-tion units. The purpose of this work was to determine approaches to the formation of geoinformation space to ensure the operation of complex man-made complexes of pipeline systems. The methodolog-ical basis of the research is based on the theoretical foundations and methodological developments of scientists devoted to the collection and processing of spatial information, presented in the works of A. P. Karpik, V. B. Zharnikov, H. K. Yambaev, A. A. Varlamov, V. G. Bondur, D. V. Lisitsky, G. A. Ustavich, A. T. Zverev, V. A. Malinnikov, A. P. Sizov, V. A. Melkiy and other well-known scientists. To create a GIS of the current pipeline transport system there was defined the procedure of forming geo-information space, including the determination of the list of production problems associated with the use of spatial information, spatial data structure, needs in aerospace survey, performance require-ments and frequency of updates of spatial information.

INFLUENCE OF ROTARY POST-EFFECT ON DISCHARGE IN THE CRUSTAL LAYER

This work represents experiments which have been performed in an attempt to establish a correla-tion between the constantly changing rotational regime of the planet and the discharge in the crustal layer. From the displacement of the TAI, UTC, and UT1 time scales taken from the site of the Interna-tional Earth Rotation Service (IERS), the average annual and monthly angular rotation rates were cal-culated for the period from 1962 to 2018, and a catalog of earthquakes with 1962 to 2018. The com-piled algorithm and the written program found partial derivatives of the total deforming potential and the distribution of annual number of earthquakes over the Earth's surface per one square kilometer. The article presents the results of analytical analysis and calculations for further investigation of the rotational regime of the Earth and other planets.

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF URBAN PLANNING

The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of the development of information support for urban planning in the context of digital transformation. The article summarizes new material on the topic under study: the latest amendments to the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation and relevant by-laws, prospects for the implementation of the national program "Digital Economy of the Russian Federation". The study provides a historical analysis of the development of information sup-port for urban planning. Particular attention is paid to the creation in the subject of the Russian Federa-tion of state information systems for ensuring urban planning with the functions of automated infor-mation and analytical support for the exercise of powers in the field of urban development (GISFUD) and the role of GIS technologies in its implementation. As a result of the study, there was proposed a scheme of information interaction between GISFUD and other information systems, including the Federal State Information System of Territorial Planning, the Federal State Information System for maintaining the Unified State Register of Real Estate, the Federal Information Address System, and the Unified State Register of expert conclusions for design documentation of capital construction facilities and the State Information System for maintaining a Unified Electronic Cartographic Basis for the ex-change of spatial data in order to provide automated support for the exercise of powers in the field of urban planning. The article defines the main trend of the digital transformation of urban planning ac-tivities, characterized by the transition to the provision of integrated services in the construction indus-try and the introduction of super services, as well as by the distribution of information models of capi-tal construction facilities and 3D printing in construction. It gives recommendations for digital trans-formation parameters in urban planning.

TECHNIQUE OF AUTOMATIC MOBILE LASER SCANNING DATA ADJUSTMENT

Adjustment is a main step in the preliminary processing of mobile laser scanning (MLS) data. As a result of this step, a point cloud is generated in a certain coordinate system. The modern software, provided with the corresponding surveying system, is capable of performing in automatic mode most stages of MLS data adjustment obtained for territories with different quantity of buildings. With a suf-ficient number of vertically arranged planar objects, such as building walls, the algorithms embedded in the software provide a high accuracy of relative adjustment, which consists in calculating and ap-plying corrections for trajectories obtained with re-scanning the same area. Absolute adjustment can also be carried out automatically, subject to the rules for placing control points in order to automatically detect them. This kind of adjustment involves transforming a point cloud with using control point coordinates measured with more accurate surveying methods. The accuracy of automatic relative adjustment can be significantly reduced with the almost complete absence of vertical flat objects. In this case, it is necessary to develop additional adjustment techniques capable of using not only flat objects of a large area, but also vertical objects, such as road signs and poles. Comprehensive technique of MLS data adjustment, which can use information on the position of road signs and poles for territories with an insufficient number of vertical flat objects is proposed. The accuracy estimation of both the relative and absolute MLS data adjustment according to the proposed technique was carried out. The choice of the required control point density for territories with different quantity of buildings is explained.