scholarly journals In Ovo Administration of Salmonella enteritidis-Immune Lymphokines Confers Protection to Neonatal Chicks Against Salmonella enteritidis Organ Infectivity

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.D. MCGRUDER ◽  
G.A. RAMIREZ ◽  
M.H. KOGUT ◽  
R.W. MOORE ◽  
D.E. CORRIER ◽  
...  
1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lacy L Genovese ◽  
Virginia K Lowry ◽  
Kenneth J Genovese ◽  
John R DeLoach ◽  
Michael H Kogut

Author(s):  
R. B. Moyes ◽  
R. E. Droleskey ◽  
M. H. Kogut ◽  
J. R. DeLoach

Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is of great concern to the poultry industry due to the organism's ability to penetrate the intestinal mucosa of the laying hen and subsequently colonize the ovaries and yolk membrane. The resultant subclinical infection can lead to SE infection of raw eggs and egg products. Interference with the ability of the organism to invade has been linked to the activation and recruitment of inflammatory polymorphonuclear cells, heterophils, to the lamina propria of the intestinal tract.Recently it has been established that heterophil activation and increased resistance to SE organ invasion can be accomplished by the administration of SE-immune lymphokines (SE-ILK) obtained from supernatants of concanavalin-A stimulated SE immune T lymphocytes from SE hyperimmunized hens. Invasion of SE into the lamina propria provides a secondary signal for directing activated heterophils to the site of SE invasion.


2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 820-823
Author(s):  
Gabriela V. G- Verduzco ◽  
Guillermo Tellez ◽  
Michael H. Kogut ◽  
Armando Isibasi ◽  
Vianney Ortiz- Navarrete

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1368-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. FLEISCHMAN ◽  
C. L. NAPIER ◽  
D. STEWART ◽  
S. A. PALUMBO

The growth response of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) on the vitelline membrane in vitro was studied with the use of a special tube devised specifically for the inoculation of SE onto the vitelline membrane and for the sampling of the yolk near the inoculation site. This latter ability allowed the detection of the movement of SE into the yolk. The growth of SE on the membrane was compared with that of SE inoculated into yolk and albumen in vitro and in ovo in fresh in-shell eggs. The incubation time was 2 days, and the incubation temperatures were 4, 8, 15, 27, and 37°C. Comparison of the results obtained for in vitro growth showed that at 4, 8, and 15°C, SE behaved as if it were in the albumen, with its numbers decreasing over time. At 27 and 37°C, SE grew as if it were in yolk, with a maximum increase of 4.5 log CFU after 2 days at 37°C. In no experiments involving growth on the vitelline membrane did SE appear in the yolk. Comparisons between in vitro and in ovo growth responses of SE in yolk and albumen indicate that SE growth on the membrane parallels that in the in-shell egg.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Thushari Gunawardana ◽  
Khawaja Ashfaque Ahmed ◽  
Kalhari Goonewardene ◽  
Shelly Popowich ◽  
Shanika Kurukulasuriya ◽  
...  

Immunoprotective function of oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) has been demonstrated in neonatal chickens against common bacterial pathogens such as E.coli and Salmonella sp. Our recent study reported that CpG-ODN administration enriches immune compartments in neonatal chicks. However, a causal relationship between CpG-ODN-induced immune enrichment and protective mechanisms remains unestablished. In this study, we investigated in ovo administered CpG-ODN-mediated immune cell recruitment in the immunological niches in lymphoid (spleen) and nonlymphoid (lungs) organs using various doses of CpG-ODN and examined whether the immunological profiles have any correlation with immunoprotection against E.coli infection. Eighteen-day-old embryonated eggs were injected with either 5, 10, 25, and 50 μg of CpG-ODN or saline (n=~40 per group). On the day of hatch (72 hr after CpG-ODN treatment), we collected the spleen and lungs (n=3‐4 per group) and examined the recruitment of macrophages/monocytes, their expression of MHCII and CD40, and the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets in the immunological niches in the spleen and lungs using flow cytometry. We observed the dose-dependent recruitment of immune cells, wherein 25 μg and 50 μg of CpG-ODN induced significant enrichment of immunological niches in both the spleen and the lungs. Four days after the CpG-ODN treatment (1-day after hatch), chicks were challenged with a virulent strain of E. coli (1×104 or 1×105 cfu, subcutaneously). Clinical outcome and mortality were monitored for 8 days postchallenge. We found that both 25 μg and 50 μg of CpG-ODN provided significant protection and reduced clinical scores compared to saline controls against E. coli infection. Overall, the present study revealed that CpG-ODNs orchestrate immunological niches in neonatal chickens in a dose-dependent manner that resulted in differential protection against E. coli infection, thus supporting a cause and effect relationship between CpG-ODN-induced immune enrichment and the antibacterial immunity.


1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. McGruder ◽  
Michael H. Kogut ◽  
Donald E. Corrier ◽  
John R. DeLoach ◽  
Billy M. Hargis

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