КАРТОГРАФИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ГЕОЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО МОНИТОРИНГА БАССЕЙНА ОЗЕРА БАЙКАЛ

Author(s):  
V.A. Snytko ◽  
Yu.M. Semenov ◽  
M.Yu. Semenov ◽  
A.V. Silayev ◽  
G.I. Lysanova

Разрабатываемая методология геоэкологического мониторинга основана на выявлении антропогенных источников вещества и наблюдении связей между ними и объектами среды путем рассмотрения объектов в качестве смесей, а источников в качестве их компонентов, с использованием подходов ландшафтного мониторинга. Обоснованы методические подходы к разработке картографического обеспечения мониторинга структуры загрязнения и распределения загрязнителей в бассейне озера Байкал. Для обоснования сети наблюдений и контроля, экстраполяции результатов мониторинга на территории, не охваченные непосредственными наблюдениями, показа оперативной информации о состоянии геосистем и экосистем требуется картографическая основа. Методика картографирования базируется на основных положениях учения о геосистемах В.Б. Сочавы. Методические приемы геоинформационного картографирования были адаптированы применительно к бассейну оз. Байкал. Модель SRTM 4й версии, взятая за основу для получения изолиний рельефа, была преобразована и приведена к масштабу 1:5 000000, а все цифровые слои были интегрированы в единую картографическую проекцию и систему координат (WGS 84). Сопоставление пространственно привязанных слоев рельефа и гидрографической сети в QGIS позволило разграничить бассейны крупных, средних и малых притоков Байкала. Инструментами выявления структуры хозяйственной деятельности служат методы ландшафтногеохимического синтеза, картографирования агроландшафтов, ландшафтного планирования и ретроспективного картографического анализа геосистем с длительной историей хозяйственного освоения. Выявление структуры загрязнения Байкала, его притоков и водосборного бассейна в целом осуществляется путем анализа пространственного и временного распределения загрязнителей в компонентах природной среды. Картографирование дифференциации загрязнителей проводится с использованием современных методов геоинформационного анализа и моделирования, которые реализованы в программе ArcGIS 10. Расчет составов выбросов неизвестных источников проводится с применением методов многомерного анализа. Проанализированы основные параметры ландшафтногеохимической дифференциации бассейна озера Байкал, составлена карта дифференциации поверхностных вод по способности вод к самоочищению, разработана схема районирования территории по способности обеспечивать тот или иной состав вод. The developed methodology of geoenvironmental monitoring is based on identification of anthropogenic sources of substance and the observation of communications between them and the objects of the environment by consideration of the objects as mixes, and the sources as their components, with use of approaches of landscape monitoring. Methodical approaches to development of cartographic ensuring of monitoring of pollution and distribution of pollutants in the basin of Lake Baikal are proved. The cartographic basis is necessary for justification of the network of observations and monitoring, extrapolation of results of monitoring on the territories which are not captured by immediate observations, display of operational information on a condition of geosystems and ecosystems. The technique of mapping is based on original positions of V.B. Sochava doctrine about geosystems. Methodical techniques of geoinformation mapping were adapted in relation to the basin of Lake Baikal. The SRTM model of the 4th version taken as a basis for receiving isolines of a relief was transformed and scaled by 1:5,000,000. All digital layers were integrated into a uniform cartographic projection and a frame (WGS 84). Comparison of spatially attached layers of a relief and a hydrographic network in QGIS allowed us to differentiate the pools of the large, average and small inflows of Baikal. The methods of landscapegeochemical synthesis, mapping of agrolandscapes, landscape planning and the retrospective cartographic analysis of geosystems with the long history of economic development served as the instruments of identification of the structure of economic activity. Identification of pollution structure of Lake Baikal, its inflows and a catchment basin in general is carried out by the analysis of spatial and temporary distribution of pollutants in environment components. Mapping of pollutants differentiation is carried out with use of the modern methods of the geoinformational analysis and the model operation, which are realized in the ArcGIS 10 program. Calculation of compositions for the emissions of unknown sources is carried out with application of methods of the multidimensional analysis. Key parameters of landscapegeochemical differentiation of the basin of Lake Baikal are analyzed. The map of differentiation of the surface water on ability of waters to selfcleaning has been compiled. The scheme of regionalization for the territory on ability to provide this or that composition of waters has been developed.

Author(s):  
V.A. Snytko ◽  
Yu.M. Semenov ◽  
M.Yu. Semenov ◽  
A.V. Silayev ◽  
G.I. Lysanova

Разрабатываемая методология геоэкологического мониторинга основана на выявлении антропогенных источников вещества и наблюдении связей между ними и объектами среды путем рассмотрения объектов в качестве смесей, а источников в качестве их компонентов, с использованием подходов ландшафтного мониторинга. Обоснованы методические подходы к разработке картографического обеспечения мониторинга структуры загрязнения и распределения загрязнителей в бассейне озера Байкал. Для обоснования сети наблюдений и контроля, экстраполяции результатов мониторинга на территории, не охваченные непосредственными наблюдениями, показа оперативной информации о состоянии геосистем и экосистем требуется картографическая основа. Методика картографирования базируется на основных положениях учения о геосистемах В.Б. Сочавы. Методические приемы геоинформационного картографирования были адаптированы применительно к бассейну оз. Байкал. Модель SRTM 4й версии, взятая за основу для получения изолиний рельефа, была преобразована и приведена к масштабу 1:5 000000, а все цифровые слои были интегрированы в единую картографическую проекцию и систему координат (WGS 84). Сопоставление пространственно привязанных слоев рельефа и гидрографической сети в QGIS позволило разграничить бассейны крупных, средних и малых притоков Байкала. Инструментами выявления структуры хозяйственной деятельности служат методы ландшафтногеохимического синтеза, картографирования агроландшафтов, ландшафтного планирования и ретроспективного картографического анализа геосистем с длительной историей хозяйственного освоения. Выявление структуры загрязнения Байкала, его притоков и водосборного бассейна в целом осуществляется путем анализа пространственного и временного распределения загрязнителей в компонентах природной среды. Картографирование дифференциации загрязнителей проводится с использованием современных методов геоинформационного анализа и моделирования, которые реализованы в программе ArcGIS 10. Расчет составов выбросов неизвестных источников проводится с применением методов многомерного анализа. Проанализированы основные параметры ландшафтногеохимической дифференциации бассейна озера Байкал, составлена карта дифференциации поверхностных вод по способности вод к самоочищению, разработана схема районирования территории по способности обеспечивать тот или иной состав вод. The developed methodology of geoenvironmental monitoring is based on identification of anthropogenic sources of substance and the observation of communications between them and the objects of the environment by consideration of the objects as mixes, and the sources as their components, with use of approaches of landscape monitoring. Methodical approaches to development of cartographic ensuring of monitoring of pollution and distribution of pollutants in the basin of Lake Baikal are proved. The cartographic basis is necessary for justification of the network of observations and monitoring, extrapolation of results of monitoring on the territories which are not captured by immediate observations, display of operational information on a condition of geosystems and ecosystems. The technique of mapping is based on original positions of V.B. Sochava doctrine about geosystems. Methodical techniques of geoinformation mapping were adapted in relation to the basin of Lake Baikal. The SRTM model of the 4th version taken as a basis for receiving isolines of a relief was transformed and scaled by 1:5,000,000. All digital layers were integrated into a uniform cartographic projection and a frame (WGS 84). Comparison of spatially attached layers of a relief and a hydrographic network in QGIS allowed us to differentiate the pools of the large, average and small inflows of Baikal. The methods of landscapegeochemical synthesis, mapping of agrolandscapes, landscape planning and the retrospective cartographic analysis of geosystems with the long history of economic development served as the instruments of identification of the structure of economic activity. Identification of pollution structure of Lake Baikal, its inflows and a catchment basin in general is carried out by the analysis of spatial and temporary distribution of pollutants in environment components. Mapping of pollutants differentiation is carried out with use of the modern methods of the geoinformational analysis and the model operation, which are realized in the ArcGIS 10 program. Calculation of compositions for the emissions of unknown sources is carried out with application of methods of the multidimensional analysis. Key parameters of landscapegeochemical differentiation of the basin of Lake Baikal are analyzed. The map of differentiation of the surface water on ability of waters to selfcleaning has been compiled. The scheme of regionalization for the territory on ability to provide this or that composition of waters has been developed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwu Li ◽  
Guoshuang Hao ◽  
Xudong Wang ◽  
Li Ruan ◽  
Jinjie Zhou

AbstractIsotopic ratios were used to identify the source of Lead (Pb) contamination in rural soils from Southeast China. Enrichment of Pb in surface soils was detected from three sampling locations, with the 206Pb/207Pb ratio indicating recent anthropogenic input. The 206Pb/207Pb ratio from deeper soil profiles reflected the ratio from parent basalt. Mass fractions of anthropogenic-derived Pb for soil samples in the upper profiles was as high as 50%, implying that surface soils in the current study were impacted by anthropogenic activity. The 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/206Pb ratios were similar to anthropogenic sources including the combustion of coal, which has been common practice in the region for 2500 years. Considering the relatively short history of petroleum use in this area and the rural location of soils, anthropogenic Pb source from coal burning was considered to be the main cause of lead pollution.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-535
Author(s):  
Jihane El Mokhtari ◽  
Anas Abou El Kalam ◽  
Siham Benhaddou ◽  
Jean-Philippe Leroy

This article is devoted to the topic of coupling access and inference controls into security policies. The coupling of these two mechanisms is necessary to strengthen the protection of the privacy of complex systems users. Although the PrivOrBAC access control model covers several privacy protection requirements, the risk of inferring sensitive data may exist. Indeed, the accumulation of several pieces of data to which access is authorized can create an inference. This work proposes an inference control mechanism implemented through multidimensional analysis. This analysis will take into account several elements such as the history of access to the data that may create an inference, as well as their influence on the inference. The idea is that this mechanism delivers metrics that reflect the level of risk. These measures will be considered in the access control rules and will participate in the refusal or authorization decision with or without obligation. This is how the coupling of access and inference controls will be applied. The implementation of this coupling will be done via the multidimensional OLAP databases which will be requested by the Policy Information Point, the gateway brick of XACML to the various external data sources, which will route the inference measurements to the decision-making point.


2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Gagarinova ◽  
O. A. Koval’chuk

Crustaceana ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 921-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravil Masalimovich Kamaltynov

AbstractIt is suggested that the ancestors of the Baikalian amphipods originated in Central Asian brackish-water basins in the Late Mesozoic, while the geological history of the Baikalian rift valley and subsequent Cenozoic glaciations influenced the evolution of the group. Il est suggere que les ancetres des amphipodes du lac Baikal ont leur origine dans les bassins d'eau saumatre d'Asie centrale a la fin du Mesozoique, bien que l'histoire geologique de la fosse du Baikal et les glaciations cenozoiques subsequentes aient influe sur l'evolution du groupe.


2010 ◽  
Vol 294 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 16-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.L. Goldberg ◽  
E.P. Chebykin ◽  
N.A. Zhuchenko ◽  
S.S.Vorobyeva ◽  
O.G. Stepanova ◽  
...  

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e0128314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Nomokonova ◽  
Robert J. Losey ◽  
Ol’ga I. Goriunova ◽  
Alexei G. Novikov ◽  
Andrzej W. Weber
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Anton Silaev ◽  
Yury Semenov ◽  
Mikhail Semenov

Lake Baikal is a unique natural facility and the largest drinking water reservoir in the region. Therefore, monitoring the environmental status of its basin remains an urgent task. In order to develop measures to reduce the content of pollutants in the surface and groundwater of the lake basin and to prevent the negative impact of pollutants on the health of the inhabitants of the region, research is needed to identify the spatial and temporal structure of pollution in the lake basin. Basic approaches to biogeoecological monitoring methodology for Baikal basin ecosystems have been developed. It is based on the identification of anthropogenic sources of the substance and the observation of the links between them and the objects of the environment by considering the objects as mixtures and the sources as their components. Landscape monitoring approaches are used, taking into account the organization of geosystems and patterns of distribution of pollutants. Methodological approaches to the development of cartographic support for monitoring the pollution structure and distribution of pollutants in the Lake Baikal basin have been justified. Monitoring is based on the analysis of many data on physical and geographical conditions, economic structure, pollution level, spatial distribution and quality composition of pollutants. Since it uses a variety of materials and data, the necessary step is to bring them to a geometrically comparable view — a single scale and projection, that is, mutual transformation, which is an important element of GIS technology. The mapping methodology is based on the basic provisions of the geosystems exercise. The main parameters of landscape-geochemical differentiation of the basin are analyzed, maps of differentiation of surface waters by the ability of waters to self-cleanand the scheme of zoning of the territory by the ability to provide certain water composition are drawn up.


Author(s):  
T. E. Isachenko ◽  
A. V. Kosarev

The article traces the history of the development of legal legislation related to the recreational development of the territory. Five stages of formation are considered. For each stage the types of recreational areas are characterized. These types are reflected in the regulatory legal acts of each time period. Recreational nature management takes a significant place in the structure of nature management in Russia. It's modern regulatory and legal framework is analyzed in particular. The study revealed the main problems of involving territories in the recreational sphere from the standpoint of the main normative documents — the codes of the Russian Federation: Land, Water, Forest and Town-planning and Federal laws supplementing them. The analysis of the current legislation and the terminology used in it provides the basis for the correlation of recreational nature management with five categories of land: forest lands, agricultural lands, water resources, build-up areas (settlements) and lands of specially protected areas and objects. The necessity of integration of the concepts of «cultural landscape», «landscape planning» and «landscape plan» in the legal field with the aim of streamlining the process of planning and design of recreational areas and synchronization of the legislation in the sphere of recreational nature management is suggested in the article.


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