scholarly journals What Caused Racial Disparities in Particulate Exposure to Fall? New Evidence from the Clean Air Act and Satellite-Based Measures of Air Quality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Currie ◽  
John Voorheis ◽  
Reed Walker
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Particulate Exposure ◽  
New Evidence

scholarly journals Effectiveness of SOx, NOx, and Primary Particulate Matter Control Strategies in the Improvement of Ambient PM Concentration in Taiwan

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Jiun-Horng Tsai ◽  
Ming-Ye Lee ◽  
Hung-Lung Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) measurement was employed for evaluating the effectiveness of fine particulate matter control strategies in Taiwan. There are three scenarios as follows: (I) the 2014 baseline year emission, (II) 2020 emissions reduced via the Clean Air Act (CAA), and (III) other emissions reduced stringently via the Clean Air Act. Based on the Taiwan Emission Data System (TEDs) 8.1, established in 2014, the emission of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) was 73.5 thousand tons y−1, that of SOx was 121.3 thousand tons y−1, and that of NOx was 404.4 thousand tons y−1 in Taiwan. The CMAQ model simulation indicated that the PM2.5 concentration was 21.9 μg m−3. This could be underestimated by 24% in comparison with data from the ambient air quality monitoring stations of the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA). The results of the simulation of the PM2.5 concentration showed high PM2.5 concentrations in central and southwestern Taiwan, especially in Taichung and Kaohsiung. Compared to scenario I, the average annual concentrations of PM2.5 for scenario II and scenario III showed reductions of 20.1% and 28.8%, respectively. From the results derived from the simulation, it can be seen that control of NOx emissions may improve daily airborne PM2.5 concentrations in Taiwan significantly and control of directly emitted PM2.5 emissions may improve airborne PM2.5 concentrations each month. Nevertheless, the results reveal that the preliminary control plan could not achievethe air quality standard. Therefore, the efficacy and effectiveness of the control measures must be considered to better reduce emissions in the future.

Did the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 really improve air quality?

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winston Harrington ◽  
Richard Morgenstern ◽  
Jhih-Shyang Shih ◽  
Michelle L. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
Clean Air Act Amendments ◽  
Clean Air

scholarly journals The Unintended Disincentive in the Clean Air Act

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. List ◽  
Daniel L Millimet ◽  
Warren McHone
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
The Us ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Current Standards

Abstract The Clean Air Act and its subsequent amendments have been lauded as the primary stimulant to the impressive improvement in local air quality in the US since 1970. A key component of these regulations is the New Source Review (NSR) requirement, which includes the contentious stipulation that when an existing plant seeks to modify its operations, the entire plant must comply with current standards for new sources. This requirement was included to improve air quality in dirty areas, and prevent a deterioration of air quality in clean areas. Yet, whether NSR provides the proper plant-level incentives is unclear: there are strong disincentives to undertake major plant modifications to avoid NSR. In our examination of more than 2500 and 2200 plant-level modification decisions and closures, respectively, we find empirical evidence suggesting that NSR retards modification rates, while doing little to hasten the closure of existing dirty plants.

scholarly journals Drawing Boundaries for Air Quality Control Under the Clean Air Act: The Importance of NOT Being Nonattainment

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
William V. Luneburg
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Air Quality Control ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Regulatory Controls

Much has changed with regard to air pollution control since 1970 whenCongress revised the Clean Air Act to assume a form that, in very broad terms,it retains today.  From a legal point of view, while states1 still retained at thattime wide-ranging discretion to design the regulatory controls necessary toattain the air quality goals of the Act, that discretion was significantly limitedwhen Congress revisited the Act in 1977.  State discretion diminished to aneven greater extent, particularly with regard to the air pollutants ozone, carbonmonoxide, and particulate matter, when President George H.W. Bush signedthe Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.

scholarly journals What Do Economists Have to Say about the Clean Air Act 50 Years after the Establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency?

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Currie ◽  
Reed Walker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clean Air

Air quality in the United States has improved dramatically over the past 50 years in large part due to the introduction of the Clean Air Act and the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency to enforce it. This article is a reflection on the 50-year anniversary of the formation of the Environmental Protection Agency, describing what economic research says about the ways in which the Clean Air Act has shaped our society—in terms of costs, benefits, and important distributional concerns. We conclude with a discussion of how recent changes to both policy and technology present new opportunities for researchers in this area.

Unwatched Pollution: The Effect of Intermittent Monitoring on Air Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 2101-2126
Author(s):  
Eric Yongchen Zou
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Strategic Responses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
High Pollution

Intermittent monitoring of environmental standards may induce strategic changes in polluting activities. This paper documents local strategic responses to a cyclical, once-every-six-day air quality monitoring schedule under the federal Clean Air Act. Using satellite data of monitored areas, I show that air quality is significantly worse on unmonitored days. This effect is explained by short-term suppression of pollution on monitored days, especially during high-pollution periods when the city’s noncompliance risk is high. Cities’ use of air quality warnings increases on monitored days, which suggests local governments’ role in coordinating emission reductions. (JEL K32, Q35, Q58, R11)

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