scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOME ESSENTIAL OILS ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF FRUIT ROT OF LEMON CAUSED BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER UNDER IN-VITRO CONDITIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ali ◽  
Manzoor A. Abro ◽  
Rehana N. Syed ◽  
Moeezullah Khan ◽  
Hassan Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Rose Oil

It is common observations that during storage, transportation and marketing fruits and vegetables suffer from many postharvest diseases. Generally the diseases are controlled by applying different chemicals in the form of fungicides. On the other hand, these fungicides are also hazardous for health and disturb the equilibrium of the natural environment. In this regard, researchers have found that certain plant essential oils not only keep away the insects but also show fungicidal actions against some plant pathogens. The aim of current investigation is to find out some suitable and effective essential oils against the growth fruit rot of lemon caused by Aspergillus niger under in-vitro conditions. For this purpose, pathogenicity test against A. niger was performed. The antifungal components of some essential oils like clove, tarpin, neem, castor, chamomile, and rose oil were carried out at different doses i.e. 50 µl and 100µl to find out their effectiveness against A. niger. The results showed that, high severity of disease was determined through the cut method of inoculation as compared to the injection method. Minimum colony growth (1.11% and 0.55%) was examined when plates treated with clove oil at the dosage of 50µl and 100µl followed by tarpin oil (42.22% and 38.89%), neem oil (42.96% and 41.11%), castor oil (52.96% and 50.00%) and chamomile oil (71.85% and 67.77%) respectively. In comparison to control (100%), maximum growth (91.85% and 89.62%) was observed when treated with rose oil at the dosage of 50µl and 100µl. When the inoculated lemon fruits were treated with aqueous solution of essential oils, it was observed that minimum rotting (12.53%) was recorded for clove oil followed by neem oil (13.30%), tarpin oil (13.42%), rose oil (14.27%), castor oil (15.16%) and chamomile oil (17.25%), respectively as compared to control (23.37%). On the basis of present investigation it was concluded that clove oil is highly effective against linear colony growth of A. niger under in-vitro conditions.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT ESSENTIAL OILS AND BIO CONTROL AGENTS AGAINST ALTERNARIA ALTERNATA THE CAUSAL AGENT OF FRUIT ROT OF JUJUBE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Neem Oil

This study was carried out on the evaluation of different essential oils and biocontrol agents against Alternaria alternata the causal agent of fruit rot. For the pathogenicity test against A. alternata was performed through cut and injection inoculation methods. The antifungal potential of different essential oils like turpentine, laung, neem and castus root was carried out at different doses i.e. 5, 10 and 15% by food poisoned method to find out the effective and suitable oil for the growth inhibition of A. alternata and evaluate the effect of some biocontrol agents on growth inhibition of A. alternata. The findings of this investigation stated that cut method of inoculation showed higher percentage (2.60) of rotting as compared to injection method of inoculation (2.35). Minimum colony growth of A. alternata (31.60, 21.25 and 15.16%) was examined under Laung oil at the dosage of 5, 10 and 15% followed by Neem oil (42.60, 31.60 and 21.30%), respectively. Maximum colony growth of A. alternata (62.71, 52.40 and 41.75%) was observed under Castus root oil at the dosage of 5, 10 and 15%. Zero growth of target pathogen was examined under Turpentine at 5, 10 and 15%. Under control the A. alternata showed (90 mm) colony growth. Minimum linear colony growth of A. alternata was observed for Hypoxylon Sp1 (50.31%), followed by Neurospora spp. (52.97%), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (54.7%), Chactomium subaffine (57.07%) and Fusarium sp. (65.4%). Maximum mycelial colony growth (90%) was recorded in control. Based on present investigation, Similarly, for controlling the linear colony growth of A. alternata under in vitro conditions Turpentine oil ranked 1st, Laung oil ranked 2nd, Neem oil ranked 3rd, Castus root oil ranked 4th.

In Vitro efficacy of essential oils on mycelial growth of Magnaporthe griseaca using blast in basmati rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 170-173
Author(s):  
Vipin Kumar ◽  
Prashant Mishra ◽  
Joginder Singh ◽  
Raju .
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Poison Food Technique

Management of Pyriculari agrisea by eco-friendly approaches is promising. In this study the essential oils from Coriander sativum (Coriander), Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) were tested against Pyricularia grisea in vitro by poison food technique. The pure culture of P. grisea was allowed to grow at 300ppm, 500ppm and 1000ppm concentration of essential oils on PDA medium. Clove oil was found most effective to inhibit mycelial growth completely at 300, 500 and 1000ppm after72 hrs, 96 hrs and 120 hrs. Next effective oil was observed neem oil followed by coriander oil. This indicated that clove oil is most effective against P. oryzae pathogen. Neem and coriander oil is less effective. The results of the current study indicated that each of the three essential oils tested, reduced the radial growth of P. oryzae.

In vivo and in vitro control activity of plant essential oils against three strains of Aspergillus niger

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (27) ◽  
pp. 21948-21959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peeyush Kumar ◽  
Sapna Mishra ◽  
Atul Kumar ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Chandra Shekhar Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Plant Essential Oils

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Plant's Essential Oils against Post Harvest Fungal Disease of Apple Fruit

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 86-100
Author(s):  
Nirjan Oli ◽  
Uday Kumar Singh ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Cinnamomum Tamala ◽  
Postharvest Rot ◽  
Apple Fruits

Bioactive natural compounds are developed as alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the control of rot diseases of apple fruit. The antifungal activity of essential oils exudes from five plants, namely, Cinnamomum tamala, Lantana camara, Ageratina adenophora, Citrus limetta and Eucalyptus citriodora were evaluated in vitro against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata causing postharvest rot disease in apple fruits. The pathogens were isolated from infected apple fruits collected from local markets of Kathamandu, Nepal. The essential oils were extracted through hydro-distillation process using Clevenger apparatus. The pathogenicity test was confirmed by inoculating pathogen into healthy apple fruit. The assessment of fungi toxicity was carried out by poison food technique using five different concentrations: 2.5μl/ml, 5μl/ml, 10μl/ml, 20μl/ml and 40μl/ml and controls were set to determine percentage inhibition of mycelial growth to test fungi. Among tested five essential oils, Cinnamomum tamala showed most effective antifungal activity against all three pathogens, which inhibited mycelium growth by 100% at 40 μl/ml concentrations. However, Eucalyptus citriodora showed all three pathogens inhibited mycelium growth by 65.87%, 73.17% and 86.91%, respectively at 40 μl/ml concentration.

scholarly journals Essential oils in the management of soft rot of kale in the brazilian semiarid region

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Ferreira Queiroz ◽  
Meridiana Araujo Gonçalves Lima ◽  
Josineide Edinalva Pereira ◽  
Karol Alves Barroso ◽  
Cristiane Domingos Da Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Lemongrass Oil

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of essential oils on the control of soft rot of kale. Clove essential oil at 0.25%, lemongrass and palmarosa essential oils at 0.5%, melaleuca and orange essential oils at 0.75%, bergamot, rosemary, sage and ginger essential oils at 1% were evaluated for the in vitro inhibition of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis (Pcb) and control of soft rot of kale, sprayed 72 hours before or seven hours after inoculation. Clove, citronella, bergamot, rosemary, palmarosa, sage, melaleuca, and lemongrass oils completely inhibited the growth of Pcb. Lemongrass oil (0.5%) caused 0% of disease incidence (INC), providing 100% of disease control in both periods of inoculation. Clove oil (0.25%) showed a lower INC (25%) when applied after inoculation, providing a control percentage of 71.42%. The lemongrass and clove essential oils were analyzed by GC/FID (Gas Chromatography – Flame Ionization Detector) and by GC/MS (Gas Chromatography /Mass Spectrometer). The major components were eugenol (91,9%) for clove oil and citral, isometric mixture of neral (34,1%) and geranial (42,9%) for lemongrass oil. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of lemongrass, clove oils and their major components (citral and eugenol, respectively) was determined by using a broth macrodilution technique, as well as they were evaluated at different concentrations on the control of soft rot of kale, sprayed according descriptions above. The MIC was 0.03125% for citral, and 0.0625 and 0.125% for lemongrass and clove oils, respectively. Eugenol didn't show MIC. Lemongrass oil at 0.125% (post-inoculation) and citral at 0.125% (pre and post-inoculation) provided the highest percentages of disease control (33.33, 50, and 100%, respectively). Clove oil at 0.125% (post-inoculation) showed better effectiveness than eugenol (0.25%), providing a percentage of disease control of 16.67%. Lemongrass and clove essential oils were the most effective in control of soft rot of kale, suggesting that these oils have a potential to be used as antibacterial agents.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Activity of Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) and Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Essential Oils and Functional Extracts Against Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Laila Muñoz Castellanos ◽  
Nubia Amaya Olivas ◽  
Juan Ayala-Soto ◽  
Carmen Miriam De La O Contreras ◽  
Miriam Zermeño Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Fruit Samples

In this study, hydrodistillation was used to obtain essential oils (EOs) from pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) and co-hydrodistillation (addition of fatty acid ethyl esters as extraction co-solvents) was used to obtain functional extracts (FEs). Antifungal activity of EOs and FEs was evaluated by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger. The results showed that pepper (Piper nigrum) and clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oils and their functional extracts are effective in vitro at concentrations from 400 to 500 ppm after 10 days of culturing. The essential oils and functional extracts were used on tomato fruit samples at three different concentrations: 350, 400, and 450 ppm5. Clove essential oil reduced the growth of Aspergillus niger from 50% to 70% and Fusarium oxysporum to 40%. The functional extracts (FEs) of clove and pepper, mixed with ethyl decanoate (FEs-C10), were the best combination for protecting the tomato fruit in vivo against both phytopathogenic fungi. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify eugenol as the principal compound in clove oil and limonene, sabinene, and β-caryophyllene in pepper oil.

scholarly journals Essential oils for the treatment of demodex

2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 04034
Author(s):  
Chun-Xia Huang ◽  
Hai-gang Li ◽  
Huai-Qing Luo ◽  
Qing-Ming Fu ◽  
Bin-Sheng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Acaricide Resistance ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Structure Activity Relations ◽  
Demodex Infestation

The Demodex infestation is widely spread among older people. The conventional treatment of demodex involves chemicals and antibiotics. However, these treatments have a number of side effects, such as environmental risks, acaricide resistance, toxicity to humans and animals. Benefit from abundant sources of plants and plant extractions have been a new choice for treating demodex infections. This review summarizes the anti-demodex and side effects of certain botanical essential oils. The high efficacy and low side effects of essential oils, such as TTO and its active ingredient terpinen-4-oil, camphor oil, sage oil, peppermint oil, neem oil, clove oil make them good candidates for the treatment of mites. Further studies on the biological mechanisms of the acaricide effects of these active essential oils and the structure-activity relations are necessary to clarify the functions of these drugs.

scholarly journals Application of Rosemary and Eucalyptus Essential Oils and Their Main Component on the Preservation of Apple and Pear Fruits

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Panayiota Xylia ◽  
Antonios Chrysargyris ◽  
Zienab F. R. Ahmed ◽  
Nikolaos Tzortzakis
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Main Component

Nowadays, increase fruit losses are being reported due to the development of fungal postharvest diseases. In an attempt to reduce the use of synthetic fungicides, a turn towards natural products such as essential oils (EOs) and natural compounds has been made. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of eucalyptus (Euc), rosemary (Ros) EO, their mixture (50:50 v/v) and their common main component (i.e., eucalyptol) on the quality parameters, fruit response and inhibition of blue rot (Penicillium expansum) in apple and pear fruits during their shelf life. The results of the present study revealed that fungal colony growth decreased in vitro with exposure at eucalyptus EO (Euc-300 μL/L), rosemary EO (Ros-300 μL/L) and their mixture (Euc + Ros 100 and 300 μL/L). The exposure at Ros-100 μL/L stimulated spore production, whilst Euc + Ros (100 and 300 μL/L) and eucalyptol (100 and 300 μL/L) decreased spore germination. Moreover, the in vivo applied treatments resulted in decreased lesion growth of P. expansum in apple and pear fruits. Respiration rate increased with the application of Euc + Ros at 300 μL/L and eucalyptus EO (Euc-100 μL/L and Euc-300 μL/L) for both assessed fruits. On the other hand, no significant differences were reported on apples and pears total soluble solids and acidity values. The application of Euc + Ros-300 μL/L in apples increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, whilst Euc-100 and Euc-300 μL/L increased lipid peroxidation levels. Regarding pear fruits, exposure to Euc-100 μL/L and Ros-100 μL/L resulted in increased H2O2 whereas, Euc-100 μL/L, Ros- (100 and 300 μL/L) and eucalyptol (100 and 300 μL/L) also increased lipid peroxidation. The findings of this study indicate that the investigated natural products can be explored for the preservation of fresh apples and pears, as alternative natural fungicides with consideration of the fresh produce quality attributes.

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