scholarly journals SIL Implementation on Safety Functions in Mass Transit System

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-270
Author(s):  
James Li
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transit ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Safety Integrity Level ◽  
Iec 61508 ◽  
Safety Function ◽  
Defense Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
World Demand ◽  
En 50129

The concept of Safety Integrity Level (SIL) has been developed within different systems of standards (IEC 61508, EN50129 and DEF-STAN 00-56). These standards are applied in different areas: control technology (IEC 61508), railway technology (EN50128 and EN 50129), and defense technology (DEF-STAN-00-56). Nowadays, a lot of the mass transit turnkey projects around the world demand the contractors to follow CENELEC standards and SIL concept for the safety function implementation. Although the concept of SIL is mentioned in these standards, the interpretation of the concept of SIL in these standards is not consistent and unequivocal. This paper is written to elaborate the anomalies of SIL interpretation among these various standards in order for safety engineers to obtain a more detailed view on the concept of SIL over these standards.

MODEL DISTRIBUSI PERJALANAN PENDUDUK UNTUK PENENTUAN KORIDOR ‘LRT’ DI PULAU BATAM

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djoko Prijo Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Mass Transit ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Trip Distribution ◽  
Home Interview ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Private Car

In consequence of the increasing of regional economic activities in Pulau Batam, a reliable transportation system is required. Decreasing road network performance as a result of increasing traffic volume needs a strategic planning to anticipate the worsening condition in the future. One of the solutions is by providing mass transit system which is expected to attract private car users. Therefore, determination of potential corridor of mass transit system need to be identified so that the system provide better accessibility. Trip pattern in Pulau Batam must be known by developing trip distribution model. The trip distribution model is calibrated using origin-destination (O-D) data that is based on home interview survey. The validated model will be used to forecast and simulate travel demand onto transport network. Result of model calibration process shows mean trip length difference between model and survey is equal 0.141 %. From simulation of trip assignment is obtained that potential corridor for mass transit system using LRT is Batu Ampar – Batu Aji via Muka Kuning. Passenger forecast in the year 2030 is 193,990 passenger/day (2 directions).

Mathematical Approaches in Functional Safety Assessment for E/E/PE Safety-Related Software

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150043
Author(s):  
Shinji Inoue ◽  
Takaji Fujiwara ◽  
Shigeru Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Software Reliability ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Functional Safety ◽  
Reliability Modeling ◽  
Software Failure ◽  
Safety Integrity Level ◽  
Iec 61508 ◽  
Systematic Failure ◽  
Quantitative Safety Assessment

Safety integrity level (SIL)-based functional safety assessment is widely required in designing safety functions and checking their validity of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic (E/E/PE) safety-related systems after being issued IEC 61508 in 2010. For the hardware of E/E/PE safety-related systems, quantitative functional safety assessment based on target failure measures is needed for deciding or allocating the level of SIL. On the other hand, IEC 61508 does not provide any quantitative safety assessment method for allocating SIL for the software of E/E/PE safety-related systems because the software failure is treated as a systematic failure in IEC 61508. We discuss the needfulness of quantitative safety assessment for software of E/E/PE safety-related systems and propose mathematical fundamentals for conducting quantitative SIL-based safety assessment for the software of E/E/PE safety-related systems by applying the notion of software reliability modeling and assessment technologies. We show numerical examples for explaining how to use our approaches.

Future perspectives

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 3110-3111
Author(s):  
Thomas Münzel ◽  
Sanjay Rajagopalan ◽  
Mette Sørenson ◽  
Dave Newby ◽  
Robert D. Brook
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Mass Transit ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
The World ◽  
Vehicle Technologies ◽  
Motorized Vehicles

Efforts to mitigate air pollution and noise are a complex endeavour as they involve addressing their sources, which vary depending on the country and region of the world and complex economic and geopolitical considerations. Measures such as mandatory or voluntary greenhouse emissions or fuel efficiency standards, shifting to lower-carbon fuels, legislating the use of motorized vehicles/kilometres driven, introduction of electric mass transit, congestion pricing/taxes, vehicle and fuel taxes, and advanced vehicle technologies (e.g. battery electric cars, hybrids, plug-in hybrids, and fuel cell cars) may help simultaneously alleviate air and noise pollution and climate change goals.

Managing the Network of Supply and Demand at AGL Energy

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tim Coltman ◽  
Peter Reynolds ◽  
Frank Schlosser ◽  
Alan Thorogood
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Price Variability ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Customer Churn ◽  
The World ◽  
World Demand

AGL Energy operates in one of the most fiercely competitive markets in the world. Demand is volatile with high customer churn rates and supply procurement is real time with huge price variability. These characteristics make supply chain management difficult and the case study describes how information is used to match supply with demand.

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