Future perspectives

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 3110-3111
Author(s):  
Thomas Münzel ◽  
Sanjay Rajagopalan ◽  
Mette Sørenson ◽  
Dave Newby ◽  
Robert D. Brook

Efforts to mitigate air pollution and noise are a complex endeavour as they involve addressing their sources, which vary depending on the country and region of the world and complex economic and geopolitical considerations. Measures such as mandatory or voluntary greenhouse emissions or fuel efficiency standards, shifting to lower-carbon fuels, legislating the use of motorized vehicles/kilometres driven, introduction of electric mass transit, congestion pricing/taxes, vehicle and fuel taxes, and advanced vehicle technologies (e.g. battery electric cars, hybrids, plug-in hybrids, and fuel cell cars) may help simultaneously alleviate air and noise pollution and climate change goals.

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mohajer ◽  
Mohsen Gerami

RESUMOO Irã como país em desenvolvimento está enfrentando uma quantidade excessiva de poluição do ar em suas grandes cidades. Parece que usar veículos elétricos / híbridos é uma solução apropriada, mas qual carro será mais compatível com a sociedade, o ambiente e as pessoas do Irã ainda é vago? Para responder a essa pergunta, projetamos nosso modelo no qual os quatro híbridos mais populares mundialmente / A eletricidade foi analisada com base nas idéias de especialistas. Em geral, é utilizado o método analítico-descritivo, a comunidade da pesquisa inclui todos os especialistas no campo da gestão ambiental e o tamanho da amostra é obtido usando o método objetivo não aleatório (10 especialistas foram questionados) para priorizar entre carros diferentes com base em um método processo analítico de hierarquia. Os resultados mostraram que, com base na perspectiva dos especialistas, veículos totalmente elétricos são preferencialmente mais compatíveis com a situação do Irã do que veículos híbridos. A característica mais significativa que é contribuída para os veículos elétricos é o alto nível de eficiência de combustível e a menor quantidade de poluição atribuída ao seu motor elétrico, o que significa que eles não liberarão nenhuma poluição no ar. Finalmente, com base nos resultados, sugerimos algumas estratégias, entre as quais a substituição de veículos a combustível antigos e de baixa eficiência, aplicando impostos excessivos regularmente.Palavras-chave: Veículos Elétricos / Híbridos, Poluição do Ar, Transporte Urbano.USING GREEN VEHICLES AS AN APPROACH TO IMPROVE AIR QUALITY IN IRANIAN METROPOLISESNowadays due to the overwhelming levels of pollution, especially in large cities, going green, which means products have higher levels of energy consumption efficiency, is one of the crucial features of any product. In fact being green for vehicles which are responsible for majority of air pollution is significant, therefore companies are trying to product more environment-friendly cars and governments are more intended to place more environmental standards on this industry. Iran as a developing country is facing excessive amount of air pollution in its big cities and it is necessary for this country to invest on more environmental products, especially in transportation system which release a numerous level of air and noise pollution into the environment. It seems, it will be an appropriate approach for this country to produce or import Electric/Hybrid vehicles, but which car will be more compatible with Iran’s society, environment and people situation is still vague, in order of answering this question we designed our model in which 4 most globally popular Hybrid/Electric has been analyzed based on experts’ ideas. In general, descriptive-analytic method is used, the survey community is included all experts in the field of environmental management and sample size is obtained using non-random objective method (10 experts have been questioned) for prioritizing between different cars based on an analytic hierarchy process. The results showed that based on the experts’ perspective, fully electric vehicles are would rather be more compatible with Iran’s situation than Hybrid ones. The most significant feature that is contributed to Electric vehicles is about their high level of fuel efficiency and the least amount of pollution attributed to their Electric engine, which means they will release no pollution into the air. We finally based on the results, suggested some strategies, among which replacing old and low efficient fuel vehicles, placing excessive tax on regular cars and Tax exemption(for driving, importing and manufacturing electric cars) are the practical approaches for government in order to engage people buying-using more efficient cars. Keywords: Electric / Hybrid Vehicles, Air Pollution, Urban Transportation


2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 9223-9236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Knorr ◽  
Frank Dentener ◽  
Jean-François Lamarque ◽  
Leiwen Jiang ◽  
Almut Arneth

Abstract. Wildfires pose a significant risk to human livelihoods and are a substantial health hazard due to emissions of toxic smoke. Previous studies have shown that climate change, increasing atmospheric CO2, and human demographic dynamics can lead to substantially altered wildfire risk in the future, with fire activity increasing in some regions and decreasing in others. The present study re-examines these results from the perspective of air pollution risk, focussing on emissions of airborne particulate matter (PM2. 5), combining an existing ensemble of simulations using a coupled fire–dynamic vegetation model with current observation-based estimates of wildfire emissions and simulations with a chemical transport model. Currently, wildfire PM2. 5 emissions exceed those from anthropogenic sources in large parts of the world. We further analyse two extreme sets of future wildfire emissions in a socio-economic, demographic climate change context and compare them to anthropogenic emission scenarios reflecting current and ambitious air pollution legislation. In most regions of the world, ambitious reductions of anthropogenic air pollutant emissions have the potential to limit mean annual pollutant PM2. 5 levels to comply with World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines for PM2. 5. Worst-case future wildfire emissions are not likely to interfere with these annual goals, largely due to fire seasonality, as well as a tendency of wildfire sources to be situated in areas of intermediate population density, as opposed to anthropogenic sources that tend to be highest at the highest population densities. However, during the high-fire season, we find many regions where future PM2. 5 pollution levels can reach dangerous levels even for a scenario of aggressive reduction of anthropogenic emissions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Thi Hoa Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thuy Hoa Phan

Environmental pollution has become a problem not only for one nation, one region but also for the common concern of all humanity. The process of socio-economic development of the countries in the world has led to tremendous impacts on the environment, causing the human environment to change and become increasingly degraded. important. These are climate change - global warming, depletion of the ozone layer and acid rain ... especially air pollution caused by transportation. In Vietnam, environmental pollution in big cities is becoming a pressing problem. The problem of overcrowding of transport in big cities, which has been very difficult, now adds a serious situation of pollution that is increasing to worrying levels. What a challenging problem that is posing on the shoulders of managers. The paper presents the realities of environmental pollution, especially air pollution from vehicle emissions. Besides, also initially offering solutions to reduce pollution caused by urban transport in Vietnam.


Author(s):  
Md. Mahfuzar Rahman Chowdhury

Air pollution is the natural processes caused by human activities through which certain substances enter the atmosphere at a sufficient concentration to cause environmental pollution. The World Health Organization reported that 80% of the world's cases of heart disease and stroke deaths were due to air pollution, and a total of 7 million people in the world died of air pollution in 2012. Unplanned urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural activities contribute to air pollution. Climate change affects air pollution in a number of factors including changes in temperature, solar radiation, humidity, precipitation, atmospheric transport, and biogenic emissions. Increasing scientific evidence shows that air pollution and climate change policies must be integrated to achieve sustainable development and a low carbon (LC) society. Combined efforts to deal with air pollution and climate issues at the urban level will be particularly important as most people are exposed to air pollution, and 75% of global GHG emissions are generated in urban areas.


ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 3109-3110
Author(s):  
Thomas Münzel ◽  
Sanjay Rajagopalan ◽  
Mette Sørenson ◽  
Dave Newby ◽  
Robert D. Brook

Several studies suggest traffic-related air and noise pollution are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In general, efforts to mitigate air pollution and noise are complex endeavours as they involve addressing their sources, which vary depending on the country and region of the world and complex economic and geopolitical considerations. This chapter describes interventions and mitigating measures aimed at reducing both air and noise pollution emitted from traffic. Interventions identified with the greatest potential benefits largely focus on the air and noise pollutant source, such as reductions in traffic volume and air pollutant emissions.


Author(s):  
Gennaro D’Amato ◽  
Carlos E. Baena-Cagnani ◽  
Lorenzo Cecchi ◽  
Isabella Annesi-Maesano ◽  
Carlos Nunes ◽  
...  

The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases has increased dramatically during the past few decades not only in industrialized countries. Urban air pollution from motor vehicles has been indicated as one of the major risk factors responsible for this increase. Although genetic factors are important in the development of asthma and allergic diseases, the rising trend can be explained only in changes occurred in the environment. Despite some differences in the air pollution profile and decreasing trends of some key air pollutants, air quality is an important concern for public health in the cities throughout the world. Due to climate change, air pollution patterns are changing in several urbanized areas of the world, with a significant effect on respiratory health. The observational evidence indicates that recent regional changes in climate, particularly temperature increases, have already affected a diverse set of physical and biological systems in many parts of the world. Associations between thunderstorms and asthma morbidity in pollinosis subjects have been also identified in multiple locations around the world. Allergens patterns are also changing in response to climate change and air pollution can modify the allergenic potential of pollens especially in presence of specific weather conditions. The underlying mechanisms of all these interactions are not well known yet. The consequences on health vary from decreases in lung function to allergic diseases, new onset of diseases, and exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases. Factor clouding the issue is that laboratory evaluations do not reflect what happens during natural exposition, when atmospheric pollution mixtures in polluted cities are inhaled. In addition, it is important to recall that an individual’s response to pollution exposure depends on the source and components of air pollution, as well as meteorological conditions. Indeed, some air pollution-related incidents with asthma aggravation do not depend only on the increased production of air pollution, but rather on atmospheric factors that favour the accumulation of air pollutants at ground level. Considering these aspects governments worldwide and international organizations such as the World Health Organization and the European Union are facing a growing problem of the respiratory effects induced by gaseous and particulate pollutants arising from motor vehicle emissions.


Author(s):  
Khwanjira Ponsree ◽  
Nathatenee Gebsombut ◽  
Vorrapol Paiyasen ◽  
Tanat Archariyapibal ◽  
Sedthawut Srichiangwang ◽  
...  

The world is being heavily polluted, which is contributing to many natural disasters. Attempts are being made to come up with innovations that lessen the impact of pollution. Electric cars are one such innovation. Here we investigate the awareness of and decision making about buying electric vehicles among 204 young adults. We propose that consumer decisions related to several factors, which include global warming, air pollution, electric cars, travel and socialization, green self-identity of young adults, and intentions on the use of electric cars. This research was able to show that independent variables can affect consumer awareness and decision making towards the purchase or adoption of electric cars.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shamik Kumar Roy ◽  
Sahitya Mondal

Climate change and Environmental Hazards has been burning issues all around the world. Air Pollution is a major contribution to the Environmental Pollution. Using Big Data and machine learning algorithm to formulate a solution to this burning global issue with an idea that applies techniques of IoT (Internet of Things) and Data Analytics to predict and prevent air pollution substantially. In this paper the main concern is to judge different works which are related to the air pollution and prevention mechanism which will definitely help the researchers for this domain.


2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim K Takaro ◽  
Sarah B Henderson

Climate change is already affecting the cardiorespiratory health of populations around the world, and these impacts are expected to increase. The present overview serves as a primer for respirologists who are concerned about how these profound environmental changes may affect their patients. The authors consider recent peer-reviewed literature with a focus on climate interactions with air pollution. They do not discuss in detail cardiorespiratory health effects for which the potential link to climate change is poorly understood. For example, pneumonia and influenza, which affect >500 million people per year, are not addressed, although clear seasonal variation suggests climate-related effects. Additionally, large global health impacts in low-resource countries, including migration precipitated by environmental change, are omitted. The major cardiorespiratory health impacts addressed are due to heat, air pollution and wildfires, shifts in allergens and infectious diseases along with respiratory impacts from flooding. Personal and societal choices about carbon use and fossil energy infrastructure should be informed by their impacts on health, and respirologists can play an important role in this discussion.


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