scholarly journals AtMYB12-Expressing Transgenic Tobacco Increases Resistance to Several Phytopathogens and Aphids

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Ding ◽  
Haimiao Zhang ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Ziyi Yin ◽  
Zhaohui Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Regulated Expression ◽  
Single Stress ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Viral Oncogene Homolog

Phytopathogens and pests are two major factors that limit the growth of plants. The expression of a flavonoid regulator gene, AtMYB12(AT2G47460), has been reported to increase the endogenous flavonoid content of tobacco and tomato. Previous research has only focused on the regulation mechanism of v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) transcription factors under single stress conditions. Here, research showed that AtMYB12 was involved in regulating the resistance of tobacco to multiple biological stresses such as phytopathogens and aphid. We reported that transgenic tobacco carrying AtMYB12 was more resistant to Ralstonia solanacearum when the up-regulated expression of several defense-related markers, such as NbPR1a, NbNOA1, and NbrbohB, was activated, suggesting that the priming defense of a plant may contribute to bacterial disease resistance. The improvement of the resistance of AtMYB12-expressing transgenic tobacco is achieved by promoting the production of ROS, H2O2, and NO. AtMYB12-expressing transgenic tobacco also has resistance to fungal pathogens, such as Colletotrichum nicotianae Averna and Alternaria alternate. The enrichment of flavonols components, such as rutin, which directly inhibit the growth of C. nicotianae and A. alternate, may also contribute to the defense mediated by AtMYB12 over-expression. At the same time, the results also confirm that AtMYB12-expressing transgenic tobacco enhanced plant resistance to aphid-infested (Aphidoidea) pests. These results suggest that the AtMYB12 gene is a good candidate for pest and disease control, with limited resistance costs and enrichment in flavonols, and that AtMYB12 has a potential in the breeding of disease-resistant tobacco crops.

The KLF6 Super Enhancer Modulates Cell Proliferation via MiR-1301 in Human Hepatoma Cells

MicroRNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
KumChol Ri ◽  
Chol Kim ◽  
CholJin Pak ◽  
PhyongChol Ri ◽  
HyonChol Om
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Hepatoma Cells ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Hepatoma ◽  
Human Hepatoma Cells ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Super Enhancer ◽  
Engineering Changes

Background: Recent studies have attempted to elucidate the function of super enhancers by means of microRNAs. Although the functional outcomes of miR-1301 have become clearer, the pathways that regulate the expressions of miR-1301 remain unclear. Objective: The objective of this paper was to consider the pathway regulating expression of miR- 1301 and miR-1301 signaling pathways with the inhibition of cell proliferation. Methods: In this study, we prepared the cell clones that the KLF6 super enhancer was deleted by means of the CRISPR/Cas9 system-mediated genetic engineering. Changes in miR-1301 expression after the deletion of the KLF6 super enhancer were evaluated by RT-PCR analysis, and the signal pathway of miR-1301 with inhibition of the cell proliferation was examined using RNA interference technology. Results: The results showed that miR-1301 expression was significantly increased after the deletion of the KLF6 super enhancer. Over-expression of miR-1301 induced by deletion of the KLF6 super enhancer also regulated the expression of p21 and p53 in human hepatoma cells. functional modeling of findings using siRNA specific to miR-1301 showed that expression level changes had direct biological effects on cellular proliferation in Human hepatoma cells. Furthermore, cellular proliferation assay was shown to be directly associated with miR-1301 levels. Conclusion: As a result, it was demonstrated that the over-expression of miR-1301 induced by the disruption of the KLF6 super enhancer leads to a significant inhibition of proliferation in HepG2 cells. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the KLF6 super enhancer regulates the cell-proliferative effects which are mediated, at least in part, by the induction of p21and p53 in a p53-dependent manner. Our results provide the functional significance of miR-1301 in understanding the transcriptional regulation mechanism of the KLF6 super enhancer.

Transgenic expression of gallerimycin, a novel antifungal insect defensin from the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella, confers resistance to pathogenic fungi in tobacco

2006 ◽  
Vol 387 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Langen ◽  
Jafargholi Imani ◽  
Boran Altincicek ◽  
Gernot Kieseritzky ◽  
Karl-Heinz Kogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Transgenic Expression ◽  
Greater Wax Moth ◽  
Insect Defensin ◽  
Wax Moth

Abstract A cDNA encoding gallerimycin, a novel antifungal peptide from the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella, was isolated from a cDNA library of genes expressed during innate immune response in the caterpillars. Upon ectopic expression of gallerimycin in tobacco, using Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a vector, gallerimycin conferred resistance to the fungal pathogens Erysiphe cichoracearum and Sclerotinia minor. Quantification of gallerimycin mRNA in transgenic tobacco by real-time PCR confirmed transgenic expression under control of the inducible mannopine synthase promoter. Leaf sap and intercellular washing fluid from transgenic tobacco inhibited in vitro germination and growth of the fungal pathogens, demonstrating that gallerimycin is secreted into intercellular spaces. The feasibility of the use of gallerimycin to counteract fungal diseases in crop plants is discussed.

scholarly journals Induced Expression of Sarcotoxin IA Enhanced Host Resistance Against Both Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens in Transgenic Tobacco

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 860-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Mitsuhara ◽  
Hiroki Matsufuru ◽  
Masahiro Ohshima ◽  
Hisatoshi Kaku ◽  
Yuki Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Induced Expression ◽  
Sarcotoxin Ia ◽  
Resistance To Infection

We demonstrate here that induced expression of sarcotoxin IA, a bactericidal peptide from Sarcophaga peregrina, enhanced the resistance of transgenic tobacco plants to both bacterial and fungal pathogens. The peptide was produced with a modified PR1a promoter, which is further activated by salicylic acid treatment and necrotic lesion formation by pathogen infection. Host resistance to infection of bacteria Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci was shown to be dependent on the amounts of sarcotoxin IA expressed. Since we found antifungal activity of the peptide in vitro, transgenic seedlings were also inoculated with fungal pathogens Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum. Transgenic plants expressing higher levels of sarcotoxin were able to withstand fungal infection and remained healthy even after 4 weeks, while control plants were dead by fungal infection after 2 weeks.

scholarly journals Screening of Antagonistic Bacteria from Endophytes against Walnut Blight Pathogen Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benzhong Fu ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
Bokai Wang ◽  
Cao Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Identification ◽  
Xanthomonas Arboricola ◽  
Walnut Blight

Walnut blight caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Xaj) is the most important bacterial disease in walnut production worldwide. To seek biocontrol agents against Xaj, we screened 152 endophytic bacteria isolated from 87 plants. Through dual-culture method screening, we obtained four antagonistic bacteria, ATE17, BME17, CIE17, and OFE17 which were isolated from Amaranthus tricolor, Bambusa multiplex, Canna indica, and Osmanthus fragrans plants respectively. The inhibition ratios of ATE18, BME17, CIE18, and OFE17 against Xaj on plates were 1.5, 1.6, 1.3, and 1.6, respectively. These indicated they have good biocontrol potential for walnut bacterial blight. Subsequently, the four endophytic bacteria were identified by morphology, Gram staining, Microbial Identification System (fatty acid methyl ester analysis), as well as 16S rDNA and gyrB sequencing. It turns out that all four strains were identified as Bacillus sp. Furthermore, the two strains BME17 and OFE17 can suppress multiple plant fungal pathogens and bacterial pathogens on plates.

Thaumatin gene confers resistance to fungal pathogens as well as tolerance to abiotic stresses in transgenic tobacco plants

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Rajam ◽  
N. Chandola ◽  
P. Goud ◽  
D. Singh ◽  
V. Kashyap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco Plants ◽  
Tobacco Plants

Science and the Green Revolution 1945-1975

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Major Factors

In the years after the end of World War II, farmers, agricultural scientists, and policy makers in many countries all knew, or learned, that higher yields of wheat were what they wanted, and they were successful in achieving them. Their specific motivations were different, but their objectives were not. Not only were the objectives clear, but a central method by which the higher yields were to be achieved was plant breeding. Plant breeding itself was an applied science that had to be nested within organizations that supported it and its allies in the agricultural, biological, and engineering sciences. By 1950 wheat breeders believed that the number of factors governing yield was small, which meant that the research avenues likely to be fruitful were also few in number. The amount of water available and the responsiveness to soil fertility, especially nitrogen, were in most cases the key ingredients for higher yields. For wheat, the ability of the plant to resist invasion by fungal pathogens was almost as important as water and soil fertility. Water and fertility were needed in every crop year, but damage from fungal pathogens varied with weather. Thus plant disease was not necessarily a destructive factor every year. Control of water, soil fertility, and plant disease was therefore at the center of research programs in wheat breeding. A wheat breeder would find success if his or her program produced new varieties that gave higher yields within the context of water, soil fertility, and plant disease existing in the area. Ancillary questions also existed and in some cases matched the major factors in importance. Weed control was always a problem, so high-yielding wheat had to have some capacity to resist competition from weeds. Similarly, in some areas and some years, insects could cause damage. Wheat varieties therefore had to be able to withstand them somehow. Other factors of importance to wheat breeders were habit of growth and the color and quality of the grain. Winter wheats were useful in climates that had winters mild enough to allow planting in the fall and thus higher yields the next summer.

scholarly journals Over-expression of poplar NAC15 gene enhances wood formation in transgenic tobacco

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Yao ◽  
Dawei Zhang ◽  
Boru Zhou ◽  
Jianping Wang ◽  
Renhua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Populus Simonii ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Potential Candidate Gene ◽  
Relative Expression Level ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Highly Expressed Genes

Abstract Background NAC (NAM/ATAF/CUC) is one of the largest plant-specific transcription factor (TF) families known to play significant roles in wood formation. Acting as master gene regulators, a few NAC genes can activate secondary wall biosynthesis during wood formation in woody plants. Results In the present study, firstly, we screened 110 differentially expressed NAC genes in the leaves, stems, and roots of di-haploid Populus simonii×P. nigra by RNA-Seq. Then we identified a nucleus-targeted gene, NAC15 gene, which was one of the highly expressed genes in the stem among 110 NAC family members. Thirdly, we conducted expression pattern analysis of NAC15 gene, and observed NAC15 gene was most highly expressed in the xylem by RT-qPCR. Moreover, we transferred NAC15 gene into tobacco and obtained 12 transgenic lines overexpressing NAC15 gene (TLs). And the relative higher content of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin was observed in the TLs compared to the control lines containing empty vector (CLs). It also showed darker staining in the culms of the TLs with phloroglucinol staining, compared to the CLs. Furthermore, the relative expression level of a few lignin- and cellulose-related genes was significantly higher in the TLs than that in the CLs. Conclusions The overall results indicated that NAC15 gene is highly expressed in the xylem of poplar and may be a potential candidate gene playing an important role in wood formation in transgenic tobacco.

Protein 4.1R Exon 16 Splicing Mediated by Regulated Expression of RBM9 and PTB during Erythroid Differentiation.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 538-538
Author(s):  
Guang Yang ◽  
Shu-Ching Huang ◽  
Edward J. Benz
Keyword(s):  
Erythroid Differentiation ◽  
Cis Elements ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Regulated Expression ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Intronic Splicing Enhancer ◽  
Protein 4.1R ◽  
Splicing Enhancer

Abstract Protein 4.1R (4.1R), a vital component of the red cell membrane cytoskeleton, stabilizes the spectrin-actin lattice and attaches it to the embedded membrane proteins. The inclusion of exon 16, which encodes peptides critical for spectrin/actin binding, occurs via an intricate interplay between the auxiliary cis-elements and transacting factors. An intronic splicing enhancer, UGCAUG, is present in triplicate and is situated between two polypyrimidinetract-binding (PTB) sites, TCTT, in the intron downstream of exon 16. In addition, PTB binding sites are also present in triplicate in the upstream intron of exon 16. In this study, we characterized the splicing factors that orchestrate the erythroid differentiation stage-specific switch in exon 16 splicing through these cis-elements using two cell systems: mouse erythroleukemia cells (MELC) that can be induced to erythroid differentiation and G1E-ER cells that undergo synchronous erythroid maturation after induced GATA-1 expression. We identified two RBM9 isoforms (RBM9-1A and RBM9-1F) with distinct amino-termini that interact with the intronic splicing enhancer UGCAUG. The expression of RBM9-1A is erythroid-specific while RBM9-1F can be detected in a wide variety of cell types. Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses showed that RBM9-1A expression is significantly increased while RBM9-1F is reduced during induced erythroid differentiation in both MELC and G1E-ER4 cells. The up-regulation of RBM9-1A correlated with exon 16 inclusion in differentiated cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of RBM9 expression by isoform specific-shRNA reversed 1A enhancing activity, but not that of 1F on exon 16 inclusion in differentiated cells. Thus, exon 16 splicing is mediated by a cell type-specific RBM9 isoform and its up-regulation in late erythroid differentiation is vital for exon 16 splicing. However, over-expression of PTB completely diminished the enhancing effect of RBM9-1A on exon 16 splicing in both differentiated MELC and G1E-ER4 cells, suggesting that PTB plays a role in exon 16 splicing. We analyzed PTB expression and its effect on the exon 16 splicing switch during erythroid differentiation. PTB, a repressive regulator of alternative splicing, binds to the exon 16 upstream and downstream intronic silencers. Its over-expression reduced exon 16 inclusion in both endogenous 4.1R and transfected exon 16 minigenes. Moreover, PTB expression was down-regulated and coincided with increased exon 16 splicing during erythroid differentiation suggesting that regulated expression of repressor PTB mediates exon 16 splicing. Our results further suggest that the differentiation-specific exon 16 splicing switch is achieved by varying the amount of either ubiquitously expressed or cell-type specific activators and inhibitors, and hence the relative efficiency of spliceosome recruitment in the exon inclusion pathway.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document