scholarly journals Salicylic Acid and Nitric Oxide: Insight Into the Transcriptional Regulation of Their Metabolism and Regulatory Functions in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Kumar Rai ◽  
Neha Pandey ◽  
Nagendra Rai ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Rai ◽  
Shashi Pandey-Rai
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Plant Microbe Interaction ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
No Signaling

Salicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) are key signaling molecules required to activate the plant's innate immunity against abiotic stresses and biotrophic attackers. Stress-induced signaling and accumulation of SA and NO triggers extensive transcriptional reprogramming of defense-related genes, induced biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and anti-microbial compounds, thereby protecting/steering plant growth and immunity. Transcriptional regulation of SA and NO signaling are crucial for fine-tuning important cellular and metabolic functions, thus making plant defense impervious against many pathogens. The development of an impenetrable immune response is often associated with an unavoidable trade-off in the form of active suppression of plant growth and reproduction. Therefore, we highlighted recent advancements and research to unravel transcriptional regulation of SA and NO signaling essential for fulfilling their role as defense signaling molecules. We also emphasized comprehensive knowledge related to transcriptional reprogramming of SA and NO signaling important in strengthening plant growth-immunity trade-off. We also highlighted the progress on SA and NO signaling playing an indispensable role in stimulating plant-microbe interaction to modulate crucial plant functions.

scholarly journals Differential Induction of Tobacco MAP Kinases by the Defense Signals Nitric Oxide, Salicylic Acid, Ethylene, and Jasmonic Acid

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhirendra Kumar ◽  
Daniel F. Klessig
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Map Kinases ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Protein Map ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
No Signaling ◽  
Elicitor Treatment

In tobacco, two mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, designated salicylic acid (SA)-induced protein kinase (SIPK) and wounding-induced protein kinase (WIPK) are activated in a disease resistance-specific manner following pathogen infection or elicitor treatment. To investigate whether nitric oxide (NO), SA, ethylene, or jasmonic acid (JA) are involved in this phenomenon, the ability of these defense signals to activate these kinases was assessed. Both NO and SA activated SIPK; however, they did not activate WIPK. Additional analyses with transgenic NahG tobacco revealed that SA is required for the NO-mediated induction of SIPK. Neither JA nor ethylene activated SIPK or WIPK. Thus, SIPK may function downstream of SA in the NO signaling pathway for defense responses, while the signals responsible for resistance-associated WIPK activation have yet to be determined.

Salicylic acid and nitric oxide increase photosynthesis and antioxidant defense in wheat under UV-B stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Yan ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
H. Sheng ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
H. Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Defense

scholarly journals Interaction of 7SK with the Smn complex modulates snRNP production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhe Ji ◽  
Jakob Bader ◽  
Pradhipa Ramanathan ◽  
Luisa Hennlein ◽  
Felix Meissner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Functional Association ◽  
Transcriptional Inhibition ◽  
Smn Complex ◽  
Core Components

AbstractGene expression requires tight coordination of the molecular machineries that mediate transcription and splicing. While the interplay between transcription kinetics and spliceosome fidelity has been investigated before, less is known about mechanisms regulating the assembly of the spliceosomal machinery in response to transcription changes. Here, we report an association of the Smn complex, which mediates spliceosomal snRNP biogenesis, with the 7SK complex involved in transcriptional regulation. We found that Smn interacts with the 7SK core components Larp7 and Mepce and specifically associates with 7SK subcomplexes containing hnRNP R. The association between Smn and 7SK complexes is enhanced upon transcriptional inhibition leading to reduced production of snRNPs. Taken together, our findings reveal a functional association of Smn and 7SK complexes that is governed by global changes in transcription. Thus, in addition to its canonical nuclear role in transcriptional regulation, 7SK has cytosolic functions in fine-tuning spliceosome production according to transcriptional demand.

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