scholarly journals RNAi Targets in Agricultural Pest Insects: Advancements, Knowledge Gaps, and IPM

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Willow ◽  
Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning ◽  
Samantha M. Cook ◽  
Silva Sulg ◽  
Ana I. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Crop Pest ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Plant Allelochemicals

The unprecedented target-specificity of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), due to its sequence-specific mode of action, puts dsRNA at the forefront of biosafe insecticide technology. Since 2007, sensitive target genes have been identified in numerous crop pest insects, with an end goal of applying RNA interference (RNAi) in pest management. Key RNAi targets identified include genes involved in (1) feeding and digestion, (2) production of dsRNases, (3) resistance to insecticides and plant allelochemicals, (4) reproductive fitness, and (5) transmission of plant viruses. Despite the advances, there remain critical knowledge gaps in each of these areas. Particular emphasis must be placed on ensuring RNAi's compatibility with integrated pest management (IPM), via further identification of molecular targets that reduce crop damage while sustaining pest (host) populations for highly specialized biocontrol agents, the latter representing a core pillar of IPM.

Role of farming awareness in crop pest management - A mathematical model

2019 ◽  
Vol 461 ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Al Basir ◽  
Arnab Banerjee ◽  
Santanu Ray
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Crop Pest ◽  
Farming Awareness

scholarly journals Florida Crop/Pest Management Profile: Atemoya and Sugar Apple

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2002 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Mossler ◽  
Olaf Norman Nesheim
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Cooperative Extension ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Food Science ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Crop Pest ◽  
Agricultural Sciences

This document is CIR 417 one of a series of the Pesticide Information Office, Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: September 2002.

The "Sangoma" or the Healthcare Center? Health-Seeking Practices of Women Living in the Mangaung Township (Bloemfontein, South Africa)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-227
Author(s):  
Naomi Yvonne Mbelekani ◽  
Amanda M. Young-Hauser ◽  
Jan K. Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Western Medicine ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Narrative Study ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
Healthcare Center ◽  
Different Types

Traditional and Western medicine are both commonplace in South Africa, and are often consulted in conjunction with each other. The article aims to fill critical knowledge gaps in understanding how women as caregivers decide on medication when experiencing illness in the home. In order to achieve valid and rich in-depth understanding about the types of medicine that individuals opt for, a narrative study was conducted. The research participants are women from Bloemfontein’s townships. Analysis of the participants’ narratives suggests that there are social-economic, traditional, and cultural trajectories associated with negotiating medical treatment. The findings indicate that the context in which individuals give meaning to, diagnose, and treat illness influences their remedial choices. Accordingly, many individuals constantly shift between different types of remedies, as they believe that they yield different, but unique possibilities and solutions.

Principles of Integrated Pest Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 370-380
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Vittum
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Activity Setting ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Cost

This chapter examines the principles of integrated pest management (IPM). IPM often is defined as a program that, in the context of the environment and the population dynamics of pests, uses many different techniques and strategies in as compatible a manner as possible to maintain pest population levels below those causing economic injury. The concept of IPM was initially developed in traditional agriculture, where the success of a crop was measured in economic yield (quantity and quality of produce). The key to such agricultural IPM programs has always been establishing consistent and reliable “economic thresholds” — pest populations at which the cost of expected crop damage exceeds the cost of implementing control. In turf, the expected economic benefit from reducing a pest population usually is much more difficult to measure than in agriculture. It is difficult, if not impossible, to determine the economic value of suppressing pest insects. As a result, “economic thresholds” in turf IPM usually are more accurately described as “tolerance levels,” or “action thresholds.” In a turf IPM program, the turf manager must determine what pest populations can be tolerated without incurring unacceptable damage. The basic components of an IPM approach include assessing a site, monitoring and predicting pest activity, setting thresholds, managing turf stress, identifying and optimizing management options, and evaluating the results.

scholarly journals RNAi-Mediated Management of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci by Oral Delivery of Double-stranded RNAs

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Jain ◽  
Robinson ◽  
Mitter
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Potential Game ◽  
Viable Approach

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a significant global pest of economically important vegetable, fibre, and ornamental crops. Whiteflies directly damage the plants by piercing and sucking essential nutrients, indirectly through honeydew secretion and by transmitting more than 200 plant viruses that cause millions of dollars in produce losses per year. Whitefly management is mostly reliant on the heavy use of chemical insecticides. However, this ultimately leads to increasing resistance development, detrimental effects on beneficial insects and biomagnification of ecologically harmful chemicals in the environment. Responding to consumer demands for more selective, less toxic, non-GM insect control strategies, RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a potential game-changing solution. The RNA interference (RNAi) is a homology-dependent mechanism of gene silencing that represents a feasible and sustainable technology for the management of insect pests. In the present study, twenty-two whitefly genes were selected based on their essential function in the insect and tested in artificial diet bioassays for mortality and gene silencing efficacy. The nine most effective dsRNA constructs showed moderate-to-high whitefly mortality as compared to negative controls six days post-feeding. qPCR analysis further demonstrated significant knockdown of target gene mRNA expression. Additionally, uptake and spread of fluorescently labelled dsRNA was evident beyond the midgut of the whitefly supporting the systemic spreading of RNAi effectors. Taken together, the oral delivery of dsRNA shows effective RNAi mediated gene silencing of target genes and offers a viable approach for the development of dsRNA biopesticides against hemipteran pest.

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