scholarly journals Diet Diversity Through the Life-Course as an Opportunity Toward Food Allergy Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia C. I. Spolidoro ◽  
Domenico Azzolino ◽  
Matteo Cesari ◽  
Carlo Agostoni
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Allergy Prevention ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Food Antigens ◽  
The Life Course

The prevalence of food allergies (FA) is increasing worldwide. Generally, the onset of allergies, including FA, begins in early childhood and may persist and/or develop through the life-course. Even though epidemiological studies have focused mainly on children, allergies can also occur for the first-time during adulthood. Within the prolongation of life, it is expected that allergies will be encountered more often even in older people. Recent findings suggest that an early exposure to diverse food antigens may promote the development of immune tolerance. Accordingly, diet diversity during the first year of life or even earlier may have a positive impact on the prevention of allergies. The anti-inflammatory properties of some dietary nutrients may positively contribute to a tolerogenic immune environment too. Diet diversity is associated with a more favorable microbiome, and increasing evidence suggests a promising role of gut microbiota manipulation in inducing immune tolerance. Unjustified avoidance of allergenic foods may expose to intakes of some nutrients below recommended levels through the life-course, even more in cases of self-diagnosis and treatment of presumed forms of food intolerance. Nutritional strategies including the early exposure to a variety of food antigens are a promising area of research for preventive purposes through the life-course possibly extending positive outcomes to older stages. The aim of this paper is to highlight the role of diet diversity in preventing the development of FA starting in early life, as well as to provide an overview of the main strategies to prevent related nutritional issues throughout the life-course.

Environment

2013 ◽  
pp. 290-295
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Holroyd ◽  
Nicholas C. Harvey ◽  
Mark H. Edwards ◽  
Cyrus Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Life Course

Musculoskeletal disease covers a broad spectrum of conditions whose aetiology comprises variable genetic and environmental contributions. More recently it has become clear that, particularly early in life, the interaction of gene and environment is critical to the development of later disease. Additionally, only a small proportion of the variation in adult traits such as bone mineral density has been explained by specific genes in genome-wide association studies, suggesting that gene-environment interaction may explain a much larger part of the inheritance of disease risk than previously thought. It is therefore critically important to evaluate the environmental factors which may predispose to diseases such as osteorthritis, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis both at the individual and at the population level. In this chapter we describe the environmental contributors, across the whole life course, to osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, as exemplar conditions. We consider factors such as age, gender, nutrition (including the role of vitamin D), geography, occupation, and the clues that secular changes of disease pattern may yield. We describe the accumulating evidence that conditions such as osteoporosis may be partly determined by the early interplay of environment and genotype, through aetiological mechanisms such as DNA methylation and other epigenetic phenomena. Such studies, and those examining the role of environmental influences across other stages of the life course, suggest that these issues should be addressed at all ages, starting from before conception, in order to optimally reduce the burden of musculoskeletal disorders in future generations.

Early Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences and Youth Delinquent Behavior in Fragile Families

2020 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2090875
Author(s):  
Melissa S. Jones ◽  
Hayley Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Delinquent Behavior ◽  
Fragile Families ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Youth Delinquency ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Using Data

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been identified as a key risk factor for a variety of negative health, psychiatric, and behavioral outcomes across the life course. Although recent research has begun to consider the role of ACEs in criminogenic behaviors among youth, few studies to date have assessed the association between early exposure to ACEs and delinquent behavior among nonincarcerated youth. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCW; n = 3,402) and a life course theoretical framework, this study aims to address this gap in the literature by examining the relationships between individual, cumulative, and clustering of ACEs and delinquency in the lives of youth. The results of our empirical study indicate that individual, cumulative, and clustering of ACEs by the age of 5 years are associated with youth delinquent behavior. Based on our results, sociologists and criminologists should critically consider the role of ACEs in understanding youth delinquency.

scholarly journals Intracohort Trends in Ethnic Earnings Gaps: The Role of Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237802311984574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meir Yaish ◽  
Limor Gabay-Egozi
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Ethnic Inequality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
The Life Course

This study demonstrates that studying ethnic/racial inequality on the basis of cross-sectional data conceals how such inequality might unfold over the life course. Moving beyond a snapshot perspective, we ask, Do Israel’s Jewish ethnic groups differ in their long-term earnings trajectories? Analyzing nearly 20 years of registered earnings data, the authors find that for the same cohort (25- to 32-year-old Jews in 1995), the ethnic earnings gap has widened over these years. This trend, we demonstrate, is explained largely by increasing wage premiums for college degree, even when these premiums are ethnicity blind. That is, ethnic inequality in educational attainment is translated to increasing ethnic earnings inequality over the life course. This pattern cannot be detected in previous research in Israel, which relied on the snapshot perspective on the basis of cross-sectional data. The consequences of these findings for changes in inequality in divided societies are discussed.

scholarly journals LONGITUDINAL TRAJECTORIES OF MULTIMORBIDITY IN OLD AGE: THE ROLE OF SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS OVER THE LIFE COURSE

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 710-711
Author(s):  
S Dekhtyar ◽  
D Vetrano ◽  
A Marengoni ◽  
H Wang ◽  
K Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Trajectories ◽  
The Life Course
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