scholarly journals Pterostilbene Alleviates Chlorpyrifos-Induced Damage During Porcine Oocyte Maturation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Guo ◽  
Yongda Zhao ◽  
Yanjun Huan
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Porcine Oocyte ◽  
High Level ◽  
Polar Body Extrusion

Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used organophosphate pesticide, is reported to severely impair mammalian reproductive system. Pterostilbene (PTS), an effective free radical scavenger, is considered as beneficial for mammalian reproduction. However, the toxicity of CPF on oocyte maturation and whether PTS can eliminate the detrimental effect of CPF on oocytes remain unclear. Here, porcine oocytes were applied to investigate the potential effect and possible mechanism of CPF and PTS during oocyte maturation. This work demonstrated that CPF significantly delayed the meiotic progression and decreased the polar body extrusion by disturbing spindle assembly and chromosome alignment and causing DNA damage in oocytes (p < 0.05). And, CPF significantly impaired oocyte cytoplasmic maturation by inducing the high level of reactive oxygen species and decreasing glutathione content (p < 0.05). Moreover, CPF significantly triggered embryo apoptosis and reduced the blastocyst rate and cell number following parthenogenetic activation (p < 0.05). Whereas CPF-exposed oocytes were treated with PTS, these defects caused by CPF were obviously rescued, and oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development were also significantly ameliorated (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these results revealed that CPF exerted the toxic effect on porcine oocytes, while PTS effectively alleviated CPF-induced damage on oocytes. This work provides a potential strategy to protect oocyte maturation in mammalian species.

Involvement of dynamin 2 in actin-based polar-body extrusion during porcine oocyte maturation

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 725-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Qiao-Chu Wang ◽  
Jun Han ◽  
Rui Cao ◽  
Xiang-Shun Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Porcine Oocyte ◽  
Polar Body Extrusion ◽  
Dynamin 2

scholarly journals Comparison of the toxic effects of different mycotoxins on porcine and mouse oocyte meiosis

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujie Lu ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Jia-Qian Liu ◽  
Peng Zou ◽  
Lu Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Mouse Oocyte ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Mouse Oocytes ◽  
Oocyte Meiosis ◽  
Porcine Oocyte ◽  
Polar Body Extrusion

Background Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), HT-2, ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA) are the most common mycotoxins that are found in corn-based animal feed which have multiple toxic effects on animals and humans. Previous studies reported that these mycotoxins impaired mammalian oocyte quality. However, the effective concentrations of mycotoxins to animal oocytes were different. Methods In this study we aimed to compare the sensitivity of mouse and porcine oocytes to AFB1, DON, HT-2, OTA, and ZEA for mycotoxin research. We adopted the polar body extrusion rate of mouse and porcine oocyte as the standard for the effects of mycotoxins on oocyte maturation. Results and Discussion Our results showed that 10 μM AFB1 and 1 μM DON significantly affected porcine oocyte maturation compared with 50 μM AFB1 and 2 μM DON on mouse oocytes. However, 10 nM HT-2 significantly affected mouse oocyte maturation compared with 50 nM HT-2 on porcine oocytes. Moreover, 5 μM OTA and 10 μM ZEA significantly affected porcine oocyte maturation compared with 300 μM OTA and 50 μM ZEA on mouse oocytes. In summary, our results showed that porcine oocytes were more sensitive to AFB1, DON, OTA, and ZEA than mouse oocytes except HT-2 toxin.

scholarly journals Ral GTPase is essential for actin dynamics and Golgi apparatus distribution in mouse oocyte maturation

Cell Division ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Hong Sun ◽  
Lin-Lin Hu ◽  
Chao-Ying Zhao ◽  
Xiang Lu ◽  
Yan-Ping Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Mouse Oocyte ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Mouse Oocytes ◽  
Oocyte Meiosis ◽  
Ral Gtpase ◽  
Polar Body Extrusion ◽  
Cytoskeleton Dynamics

Abstract Background Ral family is a member of Ras-like GTPase superfamily, which includes RalA and RalB. RalA/B play important roles in many cell biological functions, including cytoskeleton dynamics, cell division, membrane transport, gene expression and signal transduction. However, whether RalA/B involve into the mammalian oocyte meiosis is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the roles of RalA/B during mouse oocyte maturation. Results Our results showed that RalA/B expressed at all stages of oocyte maturation, and they were enriched at the spindle periphery area after meiosis resumption. The injection of RalA/B siRNAs into the oocytes significantly disturbed the polar body extrusion, indicating the essential roles of RalA/B for oocyte maturation. We observed that in the RalA/B knockdown oocytes the actin filament fluorescence intensity was significantly increased at the both cortex and cytoplasm, and the chromosomes were failed to locate near the cortex, indicating that RalA/B regulate actin dynamics for spindle migration in mouse oocytes. Moreover, we also found that the Golgi apparatus distribution at the spindle periphery was disturbed after RalA/B depletion. Conclusions In summary, our results indicated that RalA/B affect actin dynamics for chromosome positioning and Golgi apparatus distribution in mouse oocytes.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Anti Aging Assays of Oryza sativa Extracts, Vanillin and Coumaric Acid

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Widowati ◽  
Nurul Fauziah ◽  
Heddy Herdiman ◽  
Merry Afni ◽  
Ervi Afifah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
High Level

Aging is a natural process in humans as accumulation of oxygen-derived free radicals which leads to the activation of hyaluronidase, collagenase and elastase, that can further contribute to cellular and tissue damage. Bioactive compounds from plants have been used as antioxidant that might inhibit aging processes as well. This study aimed to determine antioxidant and anti aging properties of <em>Oryza sativa</em> Extract (OSE), and its compounds, vanillin and coumaric acid. The phytochemical analysis of OSE was performed with Farnsworth modified method. Antioxidant activities were performed by measurement of 2,2-diphenyl 1-pichylhydazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenger, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) reducing activity, while anti aging assay were observed through inhibitory of elastase, collagenase, and hyaluronidase activities. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of terpenoids and saponins in high level. OSE showed lowest DPPH activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 314.51 μg/mL) compared to vanillin (IC<sub>50</sub> = 283 μg/mL) and coumaric acid (IC<sub>50</sub> = 255.69 μg/mL). In ABTS assay, OSE resulted lowest activity(IC<sub>50</sub> = 145.67 μg/mL), compared to vanillin (IC<sub>50</sub> = 4.96 μg/mL) and coumaric acid (IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.67 μg/mL). OSE also showed the lowest FRAP-reducing activity (21.26 μM Fe(II)/μg), compared to vanillin (35.05 μM Fe(II)/μg) and coumaric acid (48.52μM Fe(II)/μg). OSE showed the lowest collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibitory activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 816.78,107.51, and 203.13 μg/mL), compared to vanillin (IC<sub>50</sub> = 16.27, 14.46, 45.23 μg/mL respectively) and coumaric acid (IC<sub>50</sub> = 146.89, 25.38, 8.21 μg/mL respectively). In summary, OSE possess the lowest antioxidant and anti aging activities compared to vanillin and coumaric acid.

scholarly journals 301EFFECT OF THE MII-AGE AND ACTIVATION PROTOCOL ON THE PARTHENOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT OF PORCINE OOCYTES

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
I. Lagutina ◽  
G. Lazzari ◽  
C. Galli
Keyword(s):  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Blastocyst Formation ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Electric Impulse ◽  
Polar Body Extrusion

The completion of porcine oocyte nuclear maturation (MII) in vitro, characterized by the time of polar body extrusion, starts at about 32h of maturation and lasts more than 12h. This leads to the simultaneous presence in the population of matured oocytes with differing abilities to be activated. We investigated age-dependent changes in pig oocyte maturation, activation and development in SOFaa in response to electric impulse (EL) in the presence of cytochalasin B (CB) and EL in combination with cycloheximide and cytochalasin B (EL+CHX+CB). Oocytes were matured in TCM 199 with 10% FCS, cysteine, LH, FSH (Pergovet, Serono, Geneva, Switzerland) for 36h and then decumulated. Matured oocytes were activated at 40 and 44h by double pulse of 30μs DC 1, 5kVcm−1 and cultured in 5μgmL−1 CB for 4h or by EL followed by incubation in 10μgmL−1 CHX+5μgmL−1 CB for 4h. According to the MII-age before activation oocytes were divided into 2 age classes: 3–7 and 7–11h after polar body extrusion. Embryos were cultured in SOFaa in 5% CO2, 5% O2 at 38.5°C. The rates of cleavage, blastocyst formation and cell number of BL on Day 7 (BLD7) were recorded. Our results showed that the average rate of maturation at 44h was 72% (n=1377). About 50% and 87% of oocytes, that eventually matured, extruded the polar body at 37 and 40h, respectively. The average cell number of BLD7 developed in SOFaa was 80±36 (n=52) and was not affected by activation protocol. Seventy-nine and 27% of BL had more than 50 and 100 cells per BL, respectively. Porcine oocytes activated by EL acquired their developmental competence gradually, achieving the highest rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation 7h after polar body extrusion. By contrast, oocytes activated by EL+CHX+CB showed their maximal developmental competence earlier (3–7h group). In conclusion, we demonstrate that electric impulse in combination with CHX+CB treatment permits earlier efficient activation of porcine oocytes (3–7h after polar body extrusion).

216 PRONUCLEAR FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE OF MATURE PORCINE OOCYTES DERIVED FROM SMALL- AND MEDIUM-SIZED FOLLICLES

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
C. Kohata ◽  
H. Funahashi
Keyword(s):  
Polar Body ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Blastocyst Formation ◽  
Dibutyryl Camp ◽  
First Polar Body ◽  
Porcine Oocyte ◽  
Sperm Penetration ◽  
Pronuclear Formation

The maturation rate of oocytes derived from small follicles (SF) is known to be lower than that of oocytes from medium follicles (MF). The objective of this study was to assess the fertilizability and developmental competence of mature SF oocytes that were selected by the presence of the first polar body. Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) were aspirated from SF (1 to 2 mm in diameter) or MF (3 to 6 mm in diameter) of prepuberal ovaries. The COC were cultured in modified porcine oocyte medium supplemented with gonadotropins and dibutyryl cAMP for the first 20-h period and then in gonadotropin-free and dibutyryl cAMP-free porcine oocyte medium for another 24 h. Following IVM culture, mature oocytes with the first polar body were selected under a stereomicroscope, co-incubated with spermatozoa in a drop of modified TCM-199 containing 0.4% BSA and 5 mM caffeine for 6 h, and then incubated in porcine zygote medium-5 for 7 days. Sperm penetration, cleavage, and early development of the oocytes were examined before culture in porcine zygote medium-5 on Days 2 and 7 of culture. To analyse the fertilizability and developmental competence of oocytes from the SF and MF groups, sperm penetration, pronuclear formation, cleavage, blastocyst formation, and mean cell number in a blastocyst (as determined by fluorescence observation following Hoechst 33342 staining) were examined. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA with a Bonferroni-Dunn post-hoc test (P < 0.05). The percentages of oocytes in which the first polar body could be observed were 51.0 ± 4.5% and 78.5 ± 2.8% for SF- and MF-oocytes, respectively, whereas the maturation rates were 83.8 ± 4.0% and 62.8 ± 4.4% following fixation and staining. When only mature oocytes were co-cultured with sperm for 6 and 9 h, sperm penetration, monospermic penetration, and pronuclear formation were not different (P > 0.33) between mature SF- and MF-oocytes. Although there was no difference in cleavage rates between the mature SF- and MF-oocyte groups, blastocyst formation rate and mean cell number in the blastocyst were higher in mature MF-oocytes (31.0 ± 3.6% and 38.7 ± 1.9 cells, respectively) than in mature SF-oocytes (14.7 ± 3.2% and 31.2 ± 2.0 cells). From these results, we conclude that mature oocytes derived from SF have a similar fertilizability when compared with mature MF-oocytes, but the developmental competence to the blastocyst stage following IVF is significantly lower in mature SF-oocytes than in mature MF-oocytes.

The Novel Free Radical Scavenger, Edaravone, Increases Neural Stem Cell Number Around the Area of Damage Following Rat Traumatic Brain Injury

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuki Itoh ◽  
Takao Satou ◽  
Shozo Nishida ◽  
Masahiro Tsubaki ◽  
Shigeo Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neural Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
The Novel

Treatment of allicin improves maturation of immature oocytes and subsequent developmental ability of preimplantation embryos

Zygote ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Gi Jeong ◽  
Seung-Eun Lee ◽  
Yun-Gwi Park ◽  
Yeo-Jin Son ◽  
Min-Young Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Porcine Oocyte

SummaryAllicin (AL) regulates the cellular redox, proliferation, viability, and cell cycle of different cells against extracellular-derived stress. This study investigated the effects of allicin treatment on porcine oocyte maturation and developmental competence. Porcine oocytes were cultured in medium supplemented with 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM AL, respectively, during in vitro maturation (IVM). The rate of polar body emission was higher in the 0.1 AL-treated group (74.5% ± 2.3%) than in the control (68.0% ± 2.6%) (P < 0.1). After parthenogenetic activation, the rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation were significantly higher in the 0.1 AL-treated group than in the control (P < 0.05). The reactive oxygen species level at metaphase II did not significantly differ among all groups. In matured oocytes, the expression of both BAK and CASP3, and BIRC5 was significantly lower and higher, respectively, in the 0.1 AL-treated group than in the control. Similarly, the expression of BMP15 and CCNB1, and the activity of phospho-p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), significantly increased. These results indicate that supplementation of oocyte maturation medium with allicin during IVM improves the maturation of oocytes and the subsequent developmental competence of porcine oocytes.

scholarly journals SIRT6 Maintains Redox Homeostasis to Promote Porcine Oocyte Maturation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Li ◽  
Yilong Miao ◽  
Jingyue Chen ◽  
Bo Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Genome Stability ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Cumulus Cell ◽  
Telomere Maintenance ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Oocyte Meiosis ◽  
Porcine Oocyte ◽  
Polar Body Extrusion

SIRT6, the sixth member of the sirtuin family proteins, has been characterized as a crucial regulator in multiple molecular pathways related to aging, including genome stability, DNA damage repair, telomere maintenance, and inflammation. However, the exact roles of SIRT6 during female germ cell development have not yet been fully determined. Here, we assessed the acquisition of meiotic competency of porcine oocytes by inhibition of SIRT6 activity. We observed that SIRT6 inhibition led to the oocyte meiotic defects by showing the impairment of polar body extrusion and cumulus cell expansion. Meanwhile, the compromised spindle/chromosome structure and actin dynamics were also present in SIRT6-inhibited oocytes. Moreover, SIRT6 inhibition resulted in the defective cytoplasmic maturation by displaying the disturbed distribution dynamics of cortical granules and their content ovastacin. Notably, we identified that transcript levels of genes related to oocyte meiosis, oxidative phosphorylation, and cellular senescence were remarkably altered in SIRT6-inhibited oocytes by transcriptome analysis and validated that the meiotic defects caused by SIRT6 inhibition might result from the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced early apoptosis in oocytes. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that SIRT6 promotes the porcine oocyte meiotic maturation through maintaining the redox homeostasis.

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