Animal Silk-Derived Amorphous Carbon Fibers for Electricity Generation and Solar Steam Evaporation

Animal silk-derived carbon materials are of interest to various applications, such as smart cloth and wearable sensors. However, it remains a challenge to massively transform silks into continuous carbon fibers. In this work, carbon fibers based on two kinds of animal silks, i.e., Bombyx mori (B. mori) silk and Antheraea pernyi (A. pernyi) silk, are prepared by using a large-scale-capable one-step heating process without any additives or activation process. These carbon fibers and yarns are electroconductive and mechanically robust. To expand the application of these carbonized silks, we further weaved them with cotton yarns to obtain composite fabrics with different textures and evaluated their performance for solar steam evaporation. Our results confirmed that the advantages of these composite fabrics in light absorption, large surface area, and hierarchical liquid transport channels allowed them to be used as a solar steam generation for desalination and sewage treatment. In addition, we reported that these conductive carbon fibers could be assembled into fluidic nanogenerators to generate electricity from the water flow. This work is expected to guide a large-scale preparation and use of animal silk-derived amorphous carbon fibers.

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Use of lime for the upgrading of existing wastewater treatment systems

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0626 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (12) ◽

pp. 279-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Güldner ◽

W. Hegemann ◽

N. Peschen ◽

K. Sölter

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Chemical Precipitation ◽

Fatty Acid Production ◽

German States ◽

Lime Solution ◽

First Results ◽

Pre Treatment

The integration of the chemical precipitation unit which would inject a lime solution into a series of mechanical-biological processes, including nitrification/denitrification, and the sludge treatment are the subject of this project. The essential target is the large-scale reconstruction of a mechanical-biological sewage treatment plant with insufficient cleaning performance in the new German states and the adjustment of the precipitation stage to the unsteady inflow of sewage. First results indicate that the pre-treatment performance could be improved by ≅ 20% and the discharge of concentrations of COD, BOD, N and P could be reduced and homogenized. In addition, experiments on hydrolysis and acidifiability of the pre-treatment sludge have been carried out on a laboratory level with the object of making sources of carbon readily available for denitrification. In the course of the experiment, inhibition of fatty acid production by calcareous primary sludge could not be detected. The characteristics of the sludge, such as draining and thickening were considerably improved by the adding of lime.

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Multi-scale modelling of a large scale shell-and-tube latent heat storage system for direct steam generation power plants

10.1063/5.0028816 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Clément Beust ◽

Erwin Franquet ◽

Jean-Pierre Bédécarrats ◽

Pierre Garcia ◽

Jérôme Pouvreau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Plants ◽

Large Scale ◽

Storage System ◽

Steam Generation ◽

Latent Heat Storage ◽

Multi Scale ◽

Direct Steam ◽

Scale Modelling ◽

Shell And Tube ◽

Generation Power

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Large-scale demonstration of the sulfate reduction autotrophic denitrification nitrification integrated (SANI®) process in saline sewage treatment

Water Research ◽

10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.052 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 ◽

pp. 496-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Di Wu ◽

George A. Ekama ◽

Ho-Kwong Chui ◽

Bo Wang ◽

Yan-Xiang Cui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sulfate Reduction ◽

Large Scale ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Autotrophic Denitrification

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One-pot synthesis of carbon coated Fe3O4 nanosheets with superior lithium storage capability

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c4ta05725b ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (8) ◽

pp. 4716-4721 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Guoxin Gao ◽

Shiyao Lu ◽

Bitao Dong ◽

Zhicheng Zhang ◽

Yuansuo Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amorphous Carbon ◽

Large Scale ◽

Solution Method ◽

Lithium Storage ◽

One Pot ◽

One Pot Synthesis ◽

Carbon Coated ◽

Storage Properties

Large-scale flat Fe3O4 nanosheets coated by an amorphous carbon overlayer (denoted as Fe3O4@C NSs) was prepared via a simple one-pot solution method. When evaluated as an electrode for LIBs, the as-prepared Fe3O4@C NSs hybrids exhibit highly enhanced lithium storage properties.

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Feasibility and Characterization of Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing With Long Fiber Reinforced Composites

Volume 1: Additive Manufacturing; Advanced Materials Manufacturing; Biomanufacturing; Life Cycle Engineering; Manufacturing Equipment and Automation ◽

10.1115/msec2020-8257 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aditya R. Thakur ◽

Ming C. Leu ◽

Xiangyang Dong

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Carbon Fiber ◽

Carbon Fibers ◽

Large Scale ◽

Flexural Modulus ◽

High Deposition Rate ◽

Reinforced Composites ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Continuous Fiber ◽

Long Carbon Fibers

Abstract A new additive manufacturing (AM) approach to fabricate long fiber reinforced composites (LFRC) was proposed in this study. A high deposition rate was achieved by the implementation of a single-screw extruder, which directly used thermoplastic pellets and continuous fiber tows as feedstock materials. Thus, the proposed method was also used as a large-scale additive manufacturing (LSAM) method for printing large-volume components. Using polylactic acid (PLA) pellets and continuous carbon fiber tows, the feasibility of the proposed AM method was investigated through printing LFRC samples and further demonstrated by fabricating large-volume components with complex geometries. The printed LFRC samples were compared with pure thermoplastic and continuous fiber reinforced composite (CFRC) counterparts via mechanical tests and microstructural analyses. With comparable flexural modulus, the flexural strength of the LFRC samples was slightly lower than that of the CFRC samples. An average improvement of 28% in flexural strength and 50% in flexural modulus were achieved compared to those of pure PLA parts, respectively. Discontinuous long carbon fibers, with an average fiber length of 20.1 mm, were successfully incorporated into the printed LFRC samples. The carbon fiber orientation, distribution of carbon fiber length, and dispersion of carbon fiber as well as porosity were further studied. The carbon fibers were highly oriented along the printing direction with a relatively uniformly distributed fiber reinforcement across the LFRC cross section. With high deposition rate (up to 0.8 kg/hr) and low material costs (< $10/kg), this study demonstrated the potentials of the proposed printing method in LSAM of high strength polymer composites reinforced with long carbon fibers.

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Synthesis of large-scale SiC–SiO2 nanowires decorated with amorphous carbon nanoparticles and Raman and PL properties

Chemical Physics Letters ◽

10.1016/j.cplett.2009.05.013 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 475 (1-3) ◽

pp. 86-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ryongjin Kim ◽

Weiping Qin ◽

Guodong Wei ◽

Guofeng Wang ◽

Lili Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amorphous Carbon ◽

Carbon Nanoparticles ◽

Large Scale ◽

Sio2 Nanowires

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Large-scale and patternable graphene: direct transformation of amorphous carbon film into graphene/graphite on insulators via Cu mediation engineering and its application to all-carbon based devices

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/c4nr04627g ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 1678-1687 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Yu-Ze Chen ◽

Henry Medina ◽

Hung-Chiao Lin ◽

Hung-Wei Tsai ◽

Teng-Yu Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amorphous Carbon ◽

Large Scale ◽

Carbon Film ◽

Amorphous Carbon Film ◽

Direct Transformation ◽

Carbon Based

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Minimising Nuisances by Covering Compact Sewage Treatment Plants

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1992.0515 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 25 (4-5) ◽

pp. 363-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. Rogalla ◽

G. Roudon ◽

J. Sibony ◽

F. Blondeau

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Mediterranean Coast ◽

High Rate ◽

Parallel Plates ◽

Multiple Use ◽

Treatment Technology ◽

Sewage Treatment Plants

Stringent effluent quality programs to limit wastewater discharges into receiving waters require extensive upgrading of conventional wastewater treatment plants. Large facilities built some decades ago are now often located in densely urbanised areas where land is unavailable. Since nitrogen and phophorus removal often require additional unit processes, innovative solutions have to be found to upgrade existing plants for nutrient removal. This paper shows large scale examples of compact technology and the additional upgrading flexibility provided. New facilities are implemented in sensitive neighborhoods by creative siting under sports stadiums, parks or buildings. In covered plants, air emission control becomes of primary importance. To reduce visual impacts and facilitate odour control, more and more underground treatment plants are constructed, allowing multiple use of plant surfaces. Several plants are illustrated in inner-city locations, avoiding infrastructure cost to pump sewage to remote sites. Most of the presented plants incorporate spacesaving settling facilities and high rate biological reactors to reduce the ‘footprints' of the installations and thus favour coverage. Parallel plates in primary setllers reduce the surface to about one tenth of conventional systems. Biocarbone aerated filters combine biodegradation with very high removal rates and retention of particles in one reactor, without additional clarification or filtration. Air treatment for large plant is mostly performed by chemical scrubbing, completely eliminating environmental nuisances. Performance results of both air and water treatment technology are given. Examples include recent sewage treatment plants on the French Mediterranean Coast. A physico-chemical treatment plant for 1 Million p.e. has operated since 1987 under a stadium in Marseille. In Monaco, the sewage treatment plant for 100 000 p.e.is located in the city center underneath a building of 3000 m2. Primary lamella settlers are followed by biological treatment on Biocarbone aerated filters and air is chemically deodourised. Similar technology is used in Antibes' 200 000 p.e. plant, integrated underneath a park close to the beach.

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Aeration optimization of large-scale membrane bioreactors in a sewage treatment plant

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2019.003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 198-202

Author(s):

M. Tang ◽

J. Liu

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Membrane Bioreactors ◽

Fouling Control ◽

Conventional Activated Sludge ◽

Plant Trial ◽

Activated Sludge Processes ◽

Discharge Criteria

Abstract Increasing stringency of environmental discharge standards has triggered an industry-wide inclination towards membrane bioreactors over conventional activated sludge processes to ensure fulfilment of environmental discharge criteria. Yet, despite its plentiful advantages, high aeration costs remain as a key deterrent to the widespread adoption of the MBR technology. This backdrop created an impetus for a wastewater treatment company to develop an efficient MBR air scouring protocol that can be realized in existing plants without retrofitting. Known as pulsed cyclic aeration, plant trial applications have demonstrated that fouling control and aeration savings can be improved by >30%, resulting in scouring energy consumptions that can be as low as 0.049 kWh/m3.

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