scholarly journals Genetic Manipulation of Ticks: A Paradigm Shift in Tick and Tick-Borne Diseases Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Nuss ◽  
Arvind Sharma ◽  
Monika Gulia-Nuss
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Genetic Tools ◽  
Arthropod Vectors ◽  
Hematophagous Arthropods

Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods that are distributed worldwide and are one of the most important vectors of pathogens affecting humans and animals. Despite the growing burden of tick-borne diseases, research on ticks has lagged behind other arthropod vectors, such as mosquitoes. This is largely because of challenges in applying functional genomics and genetic tools to the idiosyncrasies unique to tick biology, particularly techniques for stable genetic transformations. CRISPR-Cas9 is transforming non-model organism research; however, successful germline editing has yet to be accomplished in ticks. Here, we review the ancillary methods needed for transgenic tick development and the use of CRISPR/Cas9, the most promising gene-editing approach, for tick genetic transformation.

scholarly journals Establishment of a Genetic Transformation System in Guanophilic Fungus Amphichorda guana

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Min Liang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Landa Qi ◽  
Guocan Chen ◽  
Lei Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽  
Protoplast Regeneration ◽  
Transformation System ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Genetic Transformation System ◽  
Major Facilitator

Fungi from unique environments exhibit special physiological characters and plenty of bioactive natural products. However, the recalcitrant genetics or poor transformation efficiencies prevent scientists from systematically studying molecular biological mechanisms and exploiting their metabolites. In this study, we targeted a guanophilic fungus Amphichorda guana LC5815 and developed a genetic transformation system. We firstly established an efficient protoplast preparing method by conditional optimization of sporulation and protoplast regeneration. The regeneration rate of the protoplast is up to about 34.6% with 0.8 M sucrose as the osmotic pressure stabilizer. To develop the genetic transformation, we used the polyethylene glycol-mediated protoplast transformation, and the testing gene AG04914 encoding a major facilitator superfamily transporter was deleted in strain LC5815, which proves the feasibility of this genetic manipulation system. Furthermore, a uridine/uracil auxotrophic strain was created by using a positive screening protocol with 5-fluoroorotic acid as a selective reagent. Finally, the genetic transformation system was successfully established in the guanophilic fungus strain LC5815, which lays the foundation for the molecular genetics research and will facilitate the exploitation of bioactive secondary metabolites in fungi.

scholarly journals Lactose-Inducible System for Metabolic Engineering of Clostridium ljungdahlii

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 2410-2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Areen Banerjee ◽  
Ching Leang ◽  
Toshiyuki Ueki ◽  
Kelly P. Nevin ◽  
Derek R. Lovley
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Inducible Expression ◽  
Carbon Flow ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microbial Electrosynthesis ◽  
Clostridium Ljungdahlii

ABSTRACTThe development of tools for genetic manipulation ofClostridium ljungdahliihas increased its attractiveness as a chassis for autotrophic production of organic commodities and biofuels from syngas and microbial electrosynthesis and established it as a model organism for the study of the basic physiology of acetogenesis. In an attempt to expand the genetic toolbox forC. ljungdahlii, the possibility of adapting a lactose-inducible system for gene expression, previously reported forClostridium perfringens, was investigated. The plasmid pAH2, originally developed forC. perfringenswith agusAreporter gene, functioned as an effective lactose-inducible system inC. ljungdahlii. Lactose induction ofC. ljungdahliicontaining pB1, in which the gene for the aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase AdhE1 was downstream of the lactose-inducible promoter, increased expression ofadhE130-fold over the wild-type level, increasing ethanol production 1.5-fold, with a corresponding decrease in acetate production. Lactose-inducible expression ofadhE1in a strain in whichadhE1and theadhE1homologadhE2had been deleted from the chromosome restored ethanol production to levels comparable to those in the wild-type strain. Inducing expression ofadhE2similarly failed to restore ethanol production, suggesting thatadhE1is the homolog responsible for ethanol production. Lactose-inducible expression of the four heterologous genes necessary to convert acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to acetone diverted ca. 60% of carbon flow to acetone production during growth on fructose, and 25% of carbon flow went to acetone when carbon monoxide was the electron donor. These studies demonstrate that the lactose-inducible system described here will be useful for redirecting carbon and electron flow for the biosynthesis of products more valuable than acetate. Furthermore, this tool should aid in optimizing microbial electrosynthesis and for basic studies on the physiology of acetogenesis.

scholarly journals Meeting Highlights: Genome Sequencing and Biology 2001

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-251
Author(s):  
Jo Wixon
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Model Organism

We bring you a report from the CSHL Genome Sequencing and Biology Meeting, which has a long and prestigious history. This year there were sessions on large-scale sequencing and analysis, polymorphisms (covering discovery and technologies and mapping and analysis), comparative genomics of mammalian and model organism genomes, functional genomics and bioinformatics.

New Data and New Features of the FunRiceGenes (Functionally Characterized Rice Genes) Database: 2021 Update

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Huang ◽  
Yingru Jiang ◽  
Tiantian Chen ◽  
Haoran Li ◽  
Mengjia Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Major Food

Abstract As a major food crop and model organism, rice has been mostly studied with the largest number of functionally characterized genes among all crops. We previously built the funRiceGenes database including ∼2800 functionally characterized rice genes and ∼5000 members of different gene families. Since being published, the funRiceGenes database has been accessed by more than 49,000 users with over 490,000 page views. The funRiceGenes database has been continuously updated with newly cloned rice genes and newly published literature, based on the progress of rice functional genomics studies. Up to Nov 2021, ≥4100 functionally characterized rice genes and ∼6000 members of different gene families were collected in funRiceGenes, accounting for 22.3% of the 39,045 annotated protein-coding genes in the rice genome. Here, we summarized the update of the funRiceGenes database with new data and new features in the last five years.

scholarly journals Colony size measurement of the yeast gene deletion strains for functional genomics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Memarian ◽  
Matthew Jessulat ◽  
Javad Alirezaie ◽  
Nadereh Mir-Rashed ◽  
Jianhua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Colony Size ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Antifungal Compound ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Manual Inspection ◽  
Growth Differences

Background Numerous functional genomics approaches have been developed to study the model organism yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with the aim of systematically understanding the biology of the cell. Some of these techniques are based on yeast growth differences under different conditions, such as those generated by gene mutations, chemicals or both. Manual inspection of the yeast colonies that are grown under different conditions is often used as a method to detect such growth differences. Results Here, we developed a computerized image analysis system called Growth Detector (GD), to automatically acquire quantitative and comparative information for yeast colony growth. GD offers great convenience and accuracy over the currently used manual growth measurement method. It distinguishes true yeast colonies in a digital image and provides an accurate coordinate oriented map of the colony areas. Some post-processing calculations are also conducted. Using GD, we successfully detected a genetic linkage between the molecular activity of the plant-derived antifungal compound berberine and gene expression components, among other cellular processes. A novel association for the yeast mek1 gene with DNA damage repair was also identified by GD and confirmed by a plasmid repair assay. The results demonstrate the usefulness of GD for yeast functional genomics research. Conclusion GD offers significant improvement over the manual inspection method to detect relative yeast colony size differences. The speed and accuracy associated with GD makes it an ideal choice for large-scale functional genomics investigations.

scholarly journals Functional Genomics of the Chicken—A Model Organism

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 2059-2094 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Cogburn ◽  
T.E. Porter ◽  
M.J. Duclos ◽  
J. Simon ◽  
S.C. Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Model Organism

Repurposing CRISPR-Cas Systems as Genetic Tools for the Enterobacteriales

EcoSal Plus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Backes ◽  
Gregory J. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Plasmid Curing ◽  
Genetic Tools ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Eukaryotic Genomes

Over the last decade, the study of CRISPR-Cas systems has progressed from a newly discovered bacterial defense mechanism to a diverse suite of genetic tools that have been applied across all domains of life. While the initial applications of CRISPR-Cas technology fulfilled a need to more precisely edit eukaryotic genomes, creative “repurposing” of this adaptive immune system has led to new approaches for genetic analysis of microorganisms, including improved gene editing, conditional gene regulation, plasmid curing and manipulation, and other novel uses.

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