Characterization of Coxsackievirus A6 Strains Isolated From Children With Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) is a key pathogen causing hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). However, there are currently no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines for treating infections caused by CVA6. In this study, human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD), African green monkey kidney (Vero), and human embryonic lung diploid fibroblast (KMB17) cells were used to isolate CVA6 from 327 anal swab and fecal samples obtained during HFMD monitoring between 2009 and 2017. The VP1 genes of the isolates were sequenced and genotyped, and the biological characteristics of the representative CVA6 strains were analyzed. A total of 37 CVA6 strains of the D3 gene subtypes were isolated from RD cells, all of which belonged to the epidemic strains in mainland China. Using the adaptive culture method, 10 KMB17 cell-adapted strains were obtained; however, no Vero cell-adapted strains were acquired. Among the KMB17 cell-adapted strains, only KYN-A1205 caused disease or partial death in suckling mice, and its virulence was stronger than its RD cell-adapted strain. The pathogenic KYN-A1205 strain caused strong tropism to the muscle tissue and led to pathological changes, including muscle necrosis and nuclear fragmentation in the forelimb and hindlimb. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the KYN-A1205 strain exhibited multiple amino acid mutations after KMB17 cell adaptation. Moreover, it showed strong pathogenicity, good immunogenicity and genetic stability, and could be used as an experimental CVA6 vaccine candidate.

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An outbreak of Coxsackievirus A6–associated hand, foot, and mouth disease in a kindergarten in Beijing in 2015

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-018-1253-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jie Li ◽

Rong Zhu ◽

Da Huo ◽

Yiwei Du ◽

Yuxiang Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Coxsackievirus A6 ◽

Foot And Mouth

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Assessment of foot-and-mouth disease risk areas in mainland China based spatial multi-criteria decision analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-424752/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wang Haoran ◽

Xiao Jianhua ◽

Ouyang Maolin ◽

Gao Hongyan ◽

Bie Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Decision Analysis ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Mainland China ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Multi Criteria Decision Analysis ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

Risk Areas ◽

And Control

Abstract Background Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. As a transboundary animal disease, the prevention and control of FMD are important. This study was based on spatial multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to assess FMD risk areas in mainland China. Ten risk factors were identified for constructing risk maps by scoring, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to calculate the criteria weights of all factors. Different risk factors had different units and attributes, and fuzzy membership was used to standardize the risk factors. The weighted linear combination (WLC) and one-at-a-time (OAT) were used to obtain risk and uncertainty maps as well as to perform sensitivity analysis. Results Four major risk areas were identified in mainland China, including western (Xinjiang and Tibet), southern (Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Guangdong), northern (Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia), and eastern (Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong). We found spring as the main season for FMD outbreaks. Risk areas were associated with the distance to previous outbreak points, grazing areas and cattle density. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the risk map had good predictive power (AUC = 0.8532). Conclusions These results can be used to delineate FMD risk areas in mainland China, and provinces can adopt the targeted preventive measures and control strategies.

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