scholarly journals Understanding the Role of User Needs and Perceptions Related to Sub-Seasonal and Seasonal Forecasts on Farmers' Decisions in Kenya: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Muita ◽  
Andrew Dougill ◽  
Joseph Mutemi ◽  
Stella Aura ◽  
Richard Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Seasonal Forecasts ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Barriers To Use

One major challenge facing farmers and other end users of weather and climate information (WCI) in Kenya is the linkage between their perceptions, needs, and engagements with producers of the information. This is highlighted by increased interest in understanding the constraints on appropriate use of weather information by farmers in decision-making. The choice between sub-seasonal and seasonal forecasts can enable better decisions by farmers if the forecast information is reliable and integrated through a coproduction process. This study analyzes user needs and perceptions of crop farmers, pastoralists, and agro-pastoralists in relation to sub-seasonal and seasonal forecasts for five counties in Kenya. A total of 258 peer-reviewed articles and gray literature were systematically analyzed using Search, Appraisal, Synthesis and Analysis (SALSA) to understand how the needs and perceptions of users of WCI shaped access and use in decision-making. The study also evaluated factors influencing use and uptake of sub-seasonal and seasonal forecasts as well as the barriers to use. Results show that farmers' perceptions shaped the choice of WCI that is used and also highlight how sub-seasonal and seasonal forecasts were used for diverse applications. Gender, availability of resources, access, and mode of communication were key factors influencing the use of seasonal forecasts. For example, access to seasonal forecasts of farmers in drier counties enabled them to manage floods and reduce risk. One lesson learned was that farmers combined WCI with other coping practices such as agronomic practices and water efficiency management. Despite a number of challenges by forecast users such as insufficient resources and lack of access to information, there is potential to improve forecasts according to user needs through a coproduction process. This study recommends stakeholder engagements with producers in the development and evaluation of forecast products and communication pathways to improve uptake and use of forecasts in decision-making.

scholarly journals Artificial floating islands for water quality improvement

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueya Chang ◽  
He Cui ◽  
Minsheng Huang ◽  
Yan He
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Water Quality Improvement ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Wetland Treatment ◽  
Improve Water Quality

Artificial floating islands (AFIs) are a variation of wetland treatment systems for water quality improvement. This paper provides a review concerning AFIs in terms of their development, classification, and applications in the removal of nutrients, heavy metals, and chemical oxygen demand on waterways. The role of microorganisms, aquatic plants, and aquatic animals in AFIs for water decontamination and purification was also discussed. Additionally, some key factors influencing the AFIs’ performances were discussed and comparisons between AFIs and constructed wetlands were reviewed. Finally, further perspectives of artificial floating islands were identified to possibly improve their performances. The understanding of the mechanisms in AFIs that drive removal of various contaminants to improve water quality is crucial, and is also highlighted in this paper.

Ownership, Incentives and Regulation of CCP Risks

2016 ◽  
pp. 272-303
Author(s):  
Louise Carter ◽  
Jennifer Hancock ◽  
Mark Manning
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Central Counterparties

This chapter develops a framework to analyse the factors influencing central counterparties' (CCPs') risk controls and the role of regulation. The framework illustrates the importance of sound regulation of CCPs and helps to explain why different CCPs may make different risk management choices. Key factors include ownership, governance and the profile and preferences of participants. International standards for the design and operation of CCPs and other financial market infrastructures (FMIs) are reflected in the Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures (PFMIs). Modelling key elements of these standards, the chapter demonstrates the importance of a flexible regulatory framework that achieves the desired level of stability while allowing the mix of risk controls applied by each CCP to vary according to its particular incentives and operating environment. The chapter goes on to discuss the emerging trends towards competition and interoperability between CCPs and cross-border provision of clearing services, and consider the implications for CCPs' risk management choices.

Why do Restatements Decrease in a Clawback Environment? An Investigation into Financial Reporting Executives' Decision-Making during the Restatement Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 2515-2536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Pyzoha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Compensation ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Archival Studies ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Auditor Quality

ABSTRACT Prior archival studies find that firms that voluntarily adopted clawback policies have experienced a reduction in restatements. I experimentally examine this outcome by investigating the influence of two key factors (i.e., executive compensation structure and auditor quality) on financial reporting executives' (hereafter, “executives”) decision-making regarding a proposed restatement that will lead to a clawback of their incentives. I find that executives (i.e., CFOs, controllers, and treasurers) facing a lower quality auditor are less likely to agree with amending prior financial statements when a higher proportion of their pay is incentive-based. However, this tendency is reduced when executives face a higher quality auditor, indicating that higher quality auditors can act as effective monitors. My results identify an ex post unintended consequence of clawback regulation that could at least partially offset the benefits of the ex ante deterrent effects of clawbacks, and that could contribute to findings of less frequent restatements when clawback policies are in place. I discuss potential implications regarding the role of executives during restatement decisions and auditors' risk assessments in a clawback environment. Data Availability: Data are available from the author upon request.

scholarly journals Influential Factors and the Realization Mechanism of Sustainable Information-Sharing in Virtual Communities from a Knowledge Fermenting Perspective

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402097400
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Minghe Sun ◽  
Datian Bi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Communication Environment ◽  
Catalytic Role

Little is known about sustainable information-sharing in virtual communities, although it is increasingly recognized as a useful information-sharing tool. The aim of this study is to explore the influential factors and the realization mechanism of sustainable information-sharing in virtual communities. Starting from the similarity between biological fermentation and the information-sharing process in virtual communities, the present study creatively introduces the knowledge fermenting theory used in the analysis. Six factors influencing sustainable information-sharing in virtual communities are first identified based on this theory, which include sharing bodies, interactive topics, communication mechanism, supporting technology, communication environment, and platform scale. The relations among these six factors are then analyzed using the Decision-Making and Trial Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method. The results indicate that the factor of sharing bodies has the strongest influence on other factors and the factor of interactive topics receives the most influences from the other factors. On this basis, the realization mechanism of sustainable information-sharing in virtual communities is elaborated from the following four aspects: the four stages of the information-sharing realization, the guide role of “strain,” the catalytic role of “enzyme,” and the effect of environment. The results indicate that sustainable information-sharing in virtual communities is a process of spiral evolution. Finally, recommendations are given to virtual community managers, users, and business firms.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Investor’s Decision Making: The Moderating Role of Locus of Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 535-543
Author(s):  
Hafiz Waqas KAMRAN ◽  
Abthal QAISAR ◽  
Nayyer SULTANA ◽  
Muhammad Atif NAWAZ ◽  
Hafiz Tanveer AHMAD
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Moderating Role

scholarly journals Inteligencia y contrainteligencia militar frente a fallos y desafíos. El caso de Culiacán, México (2019)/ Fails and Challenges of Military Intelligence and Counterintelligence: Culiacan, Mexico (2019) as Case Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-56
Author(s):  
Paloma Mendoza Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Military Intelligence ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Mexican Government

El presente artículo se deriva de la tesis doctoral El proceso de toma de decisiones en el Ejército Mexicano: la función de la Inteligencia Militar. La investigación es retomada para analizar la operación de captura de Ovidio Guzmán, en Culiacán, Sinaloa, México. Se confrontan fuentes de primera mano de inteligencia militar con información de fuentes abiertas y se determinan los posibles fallos de inteligencia y contrainteligencia que condujeron al gobierno mexicano a tomar la decisión de liberar a Ovidio Guzmán frente a los actos de violencia y al uso del ciberespacio por el crimen organizado para tal fin. A partir de la información consultada, se concluye que existió una falta de cooperación interagencial y fallos del Gabinete de Seguridad de México en el proceso de toma de decisiones en situaciones críticas. Abstract This analysis is based on the dissertation The Mexican Army decision-making process: The role of Military Intelligence. The original research is applied to the case of the Ovidio Guzmán capture operation in Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico. First-hand sources of military intelligence are confronted with information from open sources to evaluate the possible intelligence and counterintelligence failures that can explain the Mexican government´s decision to release Ovidio Guzman after members of his cartel committed acts of extreme violence and exploited social media. Based on the sources consulted, the author concludes the key factors that led to the failure of the operation were the lack of inter-agency cooperation and deficiencies in the decision-making process by the Security Cabinet of Mexico.

scholarly journals The Psychology of Risk Management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Vallée-Tourangeau ◽  
Frédéric Vallée-Tourangeau
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Decision Making Under Uncertainty ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Investment Performance ◽  
Human Risk ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Shed Light

A better understanding of how human factors may shape risk perception and risk-taking is key to improve investment performance. This chapter draws on research on the psychology of risk and decision-making under uncertainty to shed light on these issues. The first part focuses on the evaluation of risk and uncertainty. After outlining the different psychological concepts of uncertainty, we review the different factors influencing individuals’ subjective perception of risk as well as the heuristics they may use to gauge risk and uncertainty. The second part of this chapter focuses on the different factors influencing human risk-taking behaviour, ranging from attitudes to risk to the contexts in which risky decisions take place, and the role of emotions in risk-taking.

Ownership, Incentives and Regulation of CCP Risks

2018 ◽  
pp. 489-521
Author(s):  
Louise Carter ◽  
Jennifer Hancock ◽  
Mark Manning
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Central Counterparties

This chapter develops a framework to analyse the factors influencing central counterparties' (CCPs') risk controls and the role of regulation. The framework illustrates the importance of sound regulation of CCPs and helps to explain why different CCPs may make different risk management choices. Key factors include ownership, governance and the profile and preferences of participants. International standards for the design and operation of CCPs and other financial market infrastructures (FMIs) are reflected in the Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures (PFMIs). Modelling key elements of these standards, the chapter demonstrates the importance of a flexible regulatory framework that achieves the desired level of stability while allowing the mix of risk controls applied by each CCP to vary according to its particular incentives and operating environment. The chapter goes on to discuss the emerging trends towards competition and interoperability between CCPs and cross-border provision of clearing services, and consider the implications for CCPs' risk management choices.

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