scholarly journals Biocompatibility and Application of Carbon Fibers in Heart Valve Tissue Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Tsan Tseng ◽  
Nabil F. Grace ◽  
Heba Aguib ◽  
Padmini Sarathchandra ◽  
Ann McCormack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Cellular Interaction ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Vital Function ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Scaffold Degradation ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valves

The success of tissue-engineered heart valves rely on a balance between polymer degradation, appropriate cell repopulation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, in order for the valves to continue their vital function. However, the process of remodeling is highly dynamic and species dependent. The carbon fibers have been well used in the construction industry for their high tensile strength and flexibility and, therefore, might be relevant to support tissue-engineered hearts valve during this transition in the mechanically demanding environment of the circulation. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of the carbon fibers to be incorporated into tissue-engineered heart valves, with respect to optimizing their cellular interaction and mechanical flexibility during valve opening and closure. The morphology and surface oxidation of the carbon fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Their ability to interact with human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) was assessed with respect to cell attachment and phenotypic changes. hADSCs attached and maintained their expression of stem cell markers with negligible differentiation to other lineages. Incorporation of the carbon fibers into a stand-alone tissue-engineered aortic root, comprised of jet-sprayed polycaprolactone aligned carbon fibers, had no negative effects on the opening and closure characteristics of the valve when simulated in a pulsatile bioreactor. In conclusion, the carbon fibers were found to be conducive to hADSC attachment and maintaining their phenotype. The carbon fibers were sufficiently flexible for full motion of valvular opening and closure. This study provides a proof-of-concept for the incorporation of the carbon fibers into tissue-engineered heart valves to continue their vital function during scaffold degradation.

In vivo repopulation of tissue engineered heart valves

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Dohmen ◽  
A Lembcke ◽  
S Holinski ◽  
JP Braun ◽  
W Konertz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valves ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valves

scholarly journals Biocompatibility studies of polyurethane electrospun membranes based on arginine as chain extender

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Alejandra Venegas-Cervera ◽  
Andrés Iván Oliva ◽  
Alejandro Avila-Ortega ◽  
José Manuel Cervantes-Uc ◽  
Leydi Maribel Carrillo-Cocom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Chain Extender ◽  
Cellular Interaction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polyurethane Membranes ◽  
Electrospun Membranes

AbstractElectrospun polymers are an example of multi-functional biomaterials that improve the material-cellular interaction and aimed at enhancing wound healing. The main objective of this work is to fabricate electrospun polyurethane membranes using arginine as chain extender (PUUR) in order to test the fibroblasts affinity and adhesion on the material and the polymer toxicity. Polyurethane membranes were prepared in two steps: (i) the polyurethane synthesis, and ii) the electrospinning process. The membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. The evaluation of PUUR as a scaffolding biomaterial for growing and developing of cells on the material was realized by LIVE/DEAD staining. The results show that the fluorescent surface area of human fibroblasts (hFB), was greater in control dense membranes made from Tecoflex than in electrospun and dense PUUR. From SEM analysis, the electrospun membranes show relatively uniform attachment of cells with a well-spread shape, while Tecoflex dense membranes show a non-proliferating round shape, which is attributed to the fiber’s structure in electrospun membranes. The cell morphology and the cell attachment assay results reveal the well spreading of hFB cells on the surface of electrospun PUUR membranes which indicates a good response related to cell adhesion.

scholarly journals Computational modelling to reduce outcome variability in tissue-engineered heart valves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery L Visser ◽  
Polina Zaytseva ◽  
Sarah E Motta ◽  
Sandra Loerakker ◽  
Simon P Hoerstrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valves ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valves

scholarly journals Reinforcement of timber beams with carbon fibers reinforced plastics

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gugutsidze ◽  
F. Draškovič
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Material ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Reinforced Beams ◽  
Modern Engineering ◽  
Timber Constructions ◽  
Timber Beams

Reinforcement of timber beams with carbon fibers reinforced plasticsWood is a polymeric material with many valuable features and which also lacks some negative features. In order to keep up with high construction rates and the minimization of negative effects, wood has become one of the most valuable materials in modern engineering. But the use of timber material economically is also an actual problem in order to protect the environment and improve natural surroundings. A panel of scientists is interested in solving these problems and in creating rational structures, where timber can be used efficiently. These constructions are as follows: glue-laminated (gluelam), composed and reinforced wooden constructions. Composed and reinforced wooden constructions are examined less, but according to researches already carried out, it is clear that significant work can be accomplished in creating rational, highly effective and economic timber constructions. The paper deals with research on the formation of composed fiber-reinforced beams (CFRP) made of timber and provide evidence of their effectiveness. The aim of the paper is to investigate cross-bending of CFRP-reinforced gluelaminated timber beams. According to the results we were able to determine the additional effectiveness of reinforcement with CFRP (which depends on the CFRP material's quality, quantity and module of elasticity) on the mechanical features of timber and a whole beam.

The use of polymer based scaffolds in tissue-engineered heart valves

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Fong ◽  
Toshiharu Shin'oka ◽  
Reynold I. Lopez-Soler ◽  
Christopher Breuer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valves ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valves

Large Displacement Flexural Properties of Tissue Engineered Heart Valve Scaffolds

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Sacks ◽  
Sanjay Kaushal ◽  
John E. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Critical Test ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Property Evaluation ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valve ◽  
Valve Prostheses ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valves

Abstract The need for improved heart valve prostheses is especially critical in pediatric applications, where growth and remodeling are essential. Tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV) have functioned in the pulmonary circulation of growing lambs for up to four months [1], and thus can potentially overcome limitations of current bioprosthetic heart valves. Despite these promising results, significant questions remain. In particular, the role of scaffold mechanical properties in optimal extra-cellular matrix development, as well as TEHV durability, are largely unexplored. We have previously demonstrated flexure testing as a sensitive and critical test for BHV tissue mechanical property evaluation [2]. The following study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using this technique to provide fundamental information required for optimizing TEHV scaffold designs.

Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Tissue Engineered Heart Valve

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soontaree Petchdee ◽  
Wilairat Chumsing ◽  
Suruk Udomsom ◽  
Kittiya Thunsiri
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Acquired Heart Disease ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valves

Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration is the most acquired heart disease in dogs. To reduce the clinical progression of mitral valve degeneration and achieve the hemodynamic outcomes, many medical or surgical treatments have been motivated. The objectives of this study is to investigate the suitability of puppy deciduous teeth stem cells as a cell source for tissue engineered heart valves in dog with degenerative valve disease. Puppy deciduous teeth stem cells (pDSCs) were seeded on the scaffolds which made from polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PLC) and silicone. The mechanical properties of the tissue engineered heart valves leaflets were characterized by biaxial tensile tests. Results showed that, deciduous teeth stem cells capable of differentiating into a variety of cell types. However, the ability of puppy deciduous teeth stem cells to differentiate declined with increasing passage number which correspond to the number of protein surface marker detection have been shown to decrease substantially by the fifth passage. PLA scaffold is significantly higher tensile strength than other materials. However, silicone showed the highest flaccidity. The results from this study may provide high regenerative capability and the essential information for future directions of heart valve tissue engineering.

Abstract 219: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Potential Cell Source for Tissue Engineered Heart Valves

2016 ◽  
Vol 119 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline L Yonezawa ◽  
Monalisa Singh ◽  
David Safranski ◽  
Kenneth M Dupont ◽  
Chunhui Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Cell Source ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valves

Despite recent advances in tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV), one of the major challenges is finding a suitable cell source for seeding TEHV scaffolds. Native heart valves are durable because valve interstitial cells (VICs) maintain tissue homeostasis by synthesizing and remodeling the extracellular matrix. In this study, we demonstrate that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be derived into induced mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) using our feeder-free protocol and then further differentiated into VICs using a 3D cell culture environment. The differentiation efficiency was quantified using flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry staining, RT-PCR, and trilineage differentiation. In addition, iMSCs were encapsulated in polyethylene (glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels of varying stiffness, grafted with adhesion peptide (RGDS), to promote cell proliferation, remodeling, and further differentiation into VIC-like cells. VICs phenotype was characterized by the expression of αSMA, vimentin, F-actin, and the ECM production after 7, 14, and 21 days. The results demonstrated that using our feeder-free differentiation protocol, iMSCs were differentiated from iPSCs. Our iMSCs had a 99.9% and 99.4% positive expression for MSC markers CD90 and CD44, respectively. As expected, there was 0.019% expression of CD45, which is a hematopoietic marker. In addition, iMSCs differentiated into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic. When MSC derived cells were encapsulated in PEGDA hydrogels that mimic the leaflet modulus, we observed expression of αSMA and F-actin after 7 days. Thus, the results from this study suggest that iPSCs can be a suitable cell source for TEHV by using a feeder-free differentiation approach and 3D culture.

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