Large Displacement Flexural Properties of Tissue Engineered Heart Valve Scaffolds

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Sacks ◽  
Sanjay Kaushal ◽  
John E. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Critical Test ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Property Evaluation ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valve ◽  
Valve Prostheses ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valves

Abstract The need for improved heart valve prostheses is especially critical in pediatric applications, where growth and remodeling are essential. Tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV) have functioned in the pulmonary circulation of growing lambs for up to four months [1], and thus can potentially overcome limitations of current bioprosthetic heart valves. Despite these promising results, significant questions remain. In particular, the role of scaffold mechanical properties in optimal extra-cellular matrix development, as well as TEHV durability, are largely unexplored. We have previously demonstrated flexure testing as a sensitive and critical test for BHV tissue mechanical property evaluation [2]. The following study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using this technique to provide fundamental information required for optimizing TEHV scaffold designs.

Biomechanical Simulations of Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Deformations

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Sun ◽  
Hengchu Cao ◽  
Jim Davidson ◽  
Michael Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Structural Fatigue ◽  
Structural Deterioration ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Valve Prostheses ◽  
Opening And Closing

Previous research has suggested that the structural deterioration in porcine bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) may be correlated with the regions of high tensile and bending stresses acting on the leaflets during opening and closing[1, 2]. Stress concentrations within the cusp can either directly accelerate tissue structural fatigue damage, or initiate calcification by causing structural disintegration, enabling multiple pathways of calcification that can lead to valve failure[3,4]. In the case of bovine pericardial heart valve prostheses, structural failure of the leaflets is rare but calcification has been observed. Although details of the process are unclear, it is generally assumed that the design of the pericardial valve, which gives a stress-reduced state of the leaflets, is likely to provide improved performance in long-term applications.

scholarly journals Recellularization of decellularized heart valves: Progress toward the tissue-engineered heart valve

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204173141772632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell C VeDepo ◽  
Michael S Detamore ◽  
Richard A Hopkins ◽  
Gabriel L Converse
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Mechanical Conditioning ◽  
New Era ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valve ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valves

The tissue-engineered heart valve portends a new era in the field of valve replacement. Decellularized heart valves are of great interest as a scaffold for the tissue-engineered heart valve due to their naturally bioactive composition, clinical relevance as a stand-alone implant, and partial recellularization in vivo. However, a significant challenge remains in realizing the tissue-engineered heart valve: assuring consistent recellularization of the entire valve leaflets by phenotypically appropriate cells. Many creative strategies have pursued complete biological valve recellularization; however, identifying the optimal recellularization method, including in situ or in vitro recellularization and chemical and/or mechanical conditioning, has proven difficult. Furthermore, while many studies have focused on individual parameters for increasing valve interstitial recellularization, a general understanding of the interacting dynamics is likely necessary to achieve success. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to explore and compare the various processing strategies used for the decellularization and subsequent recellularization of tissue-engineered heart valves.

Tissue Engineered Heart Valves Develop Native-Like Collagen Architecture

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn A. J. Cox ◽  
Jeroen Kortsmit ◽  
Carlijn V. C. Bouten ◽  
Frank P. T. Baaijens
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Fiber Architecture ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valve ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valves ◽  
Valve Diseases

Over the last few years, research interest in tissue engineering as an alternative for current treatment and replacement strategies for cardiovascular and heart valve diseases has significantly increased. For a tissue engineered heart valve to be functional, it should be able to withstand the high pressures and flows that occur in vivo. Nature’s solution for this challenge can be found in the complex collagen fiber architecture of the native aortic valve (Fig. 1).

Novel Tissue-Engineered Heart Valve

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Syedain ◽  
Lee Meier ◽  
Jay Reimer ◽  
Robert Tranquillo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Pulse Flow ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Fibrin Scaffold ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valve ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valves

Tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHV) have the potential to revolutionize valve replacements therapies, especially for pediatric patients. While much progress has been made toward implanting a TEHV, a major limitation to date has been in vivo leaflet retraction due to the contractile nature of the cells transplanted within the TEHV. This phenomenon has been problematic in numerous studies, particularly for approaches employing the use of a fibrin scaffold (Syedain et al. 2011, Flanagan et al. 2009). Additional challenges in the development of a TEHV include designing a 3D mold that allows for proper coaptation and functionality of engineered leaflets. Herein, we present a novel approach for developing a TEHV from a decellularized engineered tube fabricated from fibrin that is remodeled by entrapped dermal fibroblasts, and matured using a custom pulse flow-stretch bioreactor. This approach has the potential to deliver an off-the-shelf engineered heart valve that exhibits the ability to be readily recellularized in contrast to current clinically employed tissue-based valve replacements.

Dialdehyde pectin-crosslinked and hirudin-loaded decellularized porcine pericardium with improved matrix stability, enhanced anti-calcification and anticoagulant for bioprosthetic heart valves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyue Hu ◽  
Xu Peng ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Xiaoshuang Yu ◽  
Can Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Heart Valve Diseases ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Matrix Stability ◽  
Transcatheter Valve ◽  
Valve Diseases ◽  
Porcine Pericardium

To conveniently and effectively cure heart valve diseases or defects, combining with transcatheter valve technology, bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) originated from the decellularized porcine pericardium (D-PP) have been broadly used...

Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Tissue Engineered Heart Valve

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soontaree Petchdee ◽  
Wilairat Chumsing ◽  
Suruk Udomsom ◽  
Kittiya Thunsiri
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Acquired Heart Disease ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valves

Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration is the most acquired heart disease in dogs. To reduce the clinical progression of mitral valve degeneration and achieve the hemodynamic outcomes, many medical or surgical treatments have been motivated. The objectives of this study is to investigate the suitability of puppy deciduous teeth stem cells as a cell source for tissue engineered heart valves in dog with degenerative valve disease. Puppy deciduous teeth stem cells (pDSCs) were seeded on the scaffolds which made from polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PLC) and silicone. The mechanical properties of the tissue engineered heart valves leaflets were characterized by biaxial tensile tests. Results showed that, deciduous teeth stem cells capable of differentiating into a variety of cell types. However, the ability of puppy deciduous teeth stem cells to differentiate declined with increasing passage number which correspond to the number of protein surface marker detection have been shown to decrease substantially by the fifth passage. PLA scaffold is significantly higher tensile strength than other materials. However, silicone showed the highest flaccidity. The results from this study may provide high regenerative capability and the essential information for future directions of heart valve tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Decellularized tissue-engineered heart valves calcification: what do animal and clinical studies tell us?

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel F. Badria ◽  
Petros G. Koutsoukos ◽  
Dimosthenis Mavrilas
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valve ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Decellularized Tissue ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valves

AbstractCardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death worldwide. Among different heart malfunctions, heart valve failure due to calcification is still a challenging problem. While drug-dependent treatment for the early stage calcification could slow down its progression, heart valve replacement is inevitable in the late stages. Currently, heart valve replacements involve mainly two types of substitutes: mechanical and biological heart valves. Despite their significant advantages in restoring the cardiac function, both types of valves suffered from serious drawbacks in the long term. On the one hand, the mechanical one showed non-physiological hemodynamics and the need for the chronic anticoagulation therapy. On the other hand, the biological one showed stenosis and/or regurgitation due to calcification. Nowadays, new promising heart valve substitutes have emerged, known as decellularized tissue-engineered heart valves (dTEHV). Decellularized tissues of different types have been widely tested in bioprosthetic and tissue-engineered valves because of their superior biomechanics, biocompatibility, and biomimetic material composition. Such advantages allow successful cell attachment, growth and function leading finally to a living regenerative valvular tissue in vivo. Yet, there are no comprehensive studies that are covering the performance of dTEHV scaffolds in terms of their efficiency for the calcification problem. In this review article, we sought to answer the question of whether decellularized heart valves calcify or not. Also, which factors make them calcify and which ones lower and/or prevent their calcification. In addition, the review discussed the possible mechanisms for dTEHV calcification in comparison to the calcification in the native and bioprosthetic heart valves. For this purpose, we did a retrospective study for all the published work of decellularized heart valves. Only animal and clinical studies were included in this review. Those animal and clinical studies were further subcategorized into 4 categories for each depending on the effect of decellularization on calcification. Due to the complex nature of calcification in heart valves, other in vitro and in silico studies were not included. Finally, we compared the different results and summed up all the solid findings of whether decellularized heart valves calcify or not. Based on our review, the selection of the proper heart valve tissue sources (no immunological provoking residues), decellularization technique (no damaged exposed residues of the decellularized tissues, no remnants of dead cells, no remnants of decellularizing agents) and implantation techniques (avoiding suturing during the surgical implantation) could provide a perfect anticalcification potential even without in vitro cell seeding or additional scaffold treatment.

Regurgitant Commissure Flow Through a Closed Polymeric Heart Valve

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Corbett ◽  
Hamid N.-Hashemi ◽  
Ahmet U. Coskun
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Flow Disturbances ◽  
Limited Life ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Valve Prostheses ◽  
Improve Patient

While heart valve prostheses have been used successfully since 1960, outcomes are far from ideal. The underlying problem with bioprostheses is a limited life from structural changes such as calcification and leaflet wear, leading to valve failure. The underlying problem with mechanical heart valves is the presence of flow disturbances which necessitate anticoagulation. A polyurethane valve has the potential to improve upon the shortcomings of existing valves and ultimately improve patient survival.

Simulations of Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Dynamics Using a Sharp Interface Method

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Vigmostad ◽  
Brian D. Jeffrey ◽  
Sreedevi Krishnan ◽  
H. S. Udaykumar ◽  
K. B. Chandran
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Animal Tissue ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valve ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Sharp Interface Method ◽  
Valve Dynamics ◽  
Heart Valve Dynamics

Bioprosthetic heart valves are valve replacements constructed from animal tissue. They are deformable and offer similar mechanical properties to their native counterpart. While tearing of these valves is frequently observed, it is still not fully understood, but may be the result of high induced bending and shear stresses in the valve leaflets[1].

Characterization of a Novel Polymeric Trileaflet Heart Valve Prosthesis

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Corbett ◽  
Neil Verma ◽  
Parnian Boloori Zadeh ◽  
Ahmet U. Coskun ◽  
Hamid N.-Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Valve Prosthesis ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Limited Life ◽  
Valve Prostheses ◽  
Improve Patient

While heart valve prostheses have been used successfully since 1960, 10-year survival rates still range from 37–58% [1]. The underlying problem with bioprostheses is a limited life from structural changes such as calcification and leaflet wear, leading to valve failure [2]. Biological tissue fixation and methods used to mount the tissue to a supporting stent can be blamed for this shortcoming. The underlying problem with mechanical heart valves is the presence of a centrally located leaflet, or occluder. It propagates high velocity jets, turbulence and areas of stagnation: the disturbances which necessitate anticoagulation [3]. A polyurethane valve has the potential to improve upon the shortcomings of existing valves and ultimately improve patient survival.

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