Contrasting Geomorphic and Stratigraphic Responses to Normal Fault Development During Single and Multi-Phase Rifting

Understanding the impact of tectonics on surface processes and the resultant stratigraphic evolution in multi-phase rifts is challenging, as patterns of erosion and deposition related to older phases of extension are overprinted by the subsequent extensional phases. In this study, we use a one-way coupled numerical modelling approach between a tectonic and a surface processes model to investigate topographic evolution, erosion and basin stratigraphy during single and multi-phase rifting. We compare the results from the single and the multi-phase rift experiments for a 5 Myr period during which they experience equal amounts of extension, but with the multi-phase experiment experiencing fault topography inherited from a previous phase of extension. Our results demonstrate a very dynamic evolution of the drainage network that occurs in response to fault growth and linkage and to depocentre overfilling and overspilling. We observe profound differences between topographic and depocenter development during single and multi-phase rifting with implications for sedimentary facies architecture. Our quantitative approach, enables us to better understand the impact of changing extension direction on the distribution of sediment source areas and the syn-rift stratigraphic development through time and space.

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Contrasting geomorphic and stratigraphic responses to normal fault development during single and multi-phase rifting

10.31223/x5j03h ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sofia Pechlivanidou ◽

Anneleen Geurts ◽

Guillaume Duclaux ◽

Robert Gawthorpe ◽

Christos Pennos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Normal Fault ◽

Sedimentary Facies ◽

Surface Processes ◽

Extension Direction ◽

Multi Phase ◽

Fault Growth ◽

Stratigraphic Evolution ◽

The Impact ◽

Topographic Evolution ◽

Previous Phase

Understanding the impact of tectonics on surface processes and the resultant stratigraphic evolution in multi-phase rifts is challenging, as patterns of erosion and deposition related to older phases of extension are overprinted by the subsequent extensional phases. In this study, we use a one-way coupled numerical modelling approach between a tectonic and a surface processes model to investigate topographic evolution, erosion and basin stratigraphy during single and multi-phase rifting. We compare the results from the single and the multi-phase rift experiments for a 5 Myr period during which they experience equal amounts of extension, but with the multi-phase experiment experiencing fault topography inherited from a previous phase of extension. Our results demonstrate a very dynamic evolution of the drainage network that occurs in response to fault growth and linkage and, to depocentre overfilling and overspilling. However, we observe profound differences between topographic and depocenter development during single and multi-phase rifting with implications for sedimentary facies development. Our quantitative approach, enables us to better understand the impact of changing extension direction on the distribution of sediment source areas and the syn-rift stratigraphic development through time and space.

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Normal fault growth in continental rifting: Insights from changes in displacement and length fault populations due to increasing extension in the Central Kenya Rift

Tectonophysics ◽

10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228964 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 228964

Author(s):

Ahmad K. Shmela ◽

Douglas A. Paton ◽

Richard E. Collier ◽

Rebecca E. Bell

Keyword(s):

Normal Fault ◽

Continental Rifting ◽

Kenya Rift ◽

Fault Growth ◽

Central Kenya

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Excitation mechanism in the intracluster filaments surrounding the Brightest Cluster Galaxies

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921320002343 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (S359) ◽

pp. 185-187

Author(s):

Fiorella L. Polles

Keyword(s):

Active Galactic Nuclei ◽

Galactic Nuclei ◽

Elliptical Galaxies ◽

Cluster Galaxies ◽

Cooling Flow ◽

Submillimeter Wavelengths ◽

Hot Plasma ◽

Brightest Cluster Galaxies ◽

Multi Phase ◽

The Impact

AbstractMulti-phase filamentary structures surrounding giant elliptical galaxies at the center of cool-core clusters, the Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs), have been detected from optical to submillimeter wavelengths. The source of the ionisation in the filaments is still debated. Studying the excitation of these structures is key to our understanding of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) feedback in general, and more precisely of the impact of environmental and local effects on star formation. One possible contributor to the excitation of the filaments is the thermal radiation from the cooling of the hot plasma surrounding the BCGs, the so-called cooling flow.

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Evaluation of the impact of multi-phase flow on reservoir signatures in the Wolfcamp shale

Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.jngse.2020.103187 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 ◽

pp. 103187

Author(s):

C.R. Clarkson ◽

B. Yuan ◽

Z. Zhang ◽

F. Tabasinejad ◽

H. Behmanesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Flow ◽

Multi Phase Flow ◽

Multi Phase ◽

The Impact

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Architecture and sedimentary facies evolution in a delta stack controlled by fault growth (Betic Cordillera, southern Spain, late Tortonian)

Sedimentary Geology ◽

10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.10.010 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 185 (1-2) ◽

pp. 79-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Fernando García-García ◽

Juan Fernández ◽

César Viseras ◽

Jesús M. Soria

Keyword(s):

Sedimentary Facies ◽

Betic Cordillera ◽

Southern Spain ◽

Fault Growth ◽

Late Tortonian

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Influence of normal fault growth and linkage on the evolution of a rift basin: A case from the Gaoyou depression of the Subei Basin, eastern China

AAPG Bulletin ◽

10.1306/06281615008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 101 (02) ◽

pp. 265-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yin Liu ◽

Qinghua Chen ◽

Xi Wang ◽

Kai Hu ◽

Shaolei Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eastern China ◽

Normal Fault ◽

Rift Basin ◽

Fault Growth

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Analysis of the impact of road construction dust on glacier environment

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202014502048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 145 ◽

pp. 02048

Author(s):

Jing Zhao ◽

Shegang Shao ◽

Dong Ni ◽

Xiaodong Shang ◽

Xiaofeng Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Albedo ◽

Highway Construction ◽

Road Construction ◽

Dust Control ◽

Control Measures ◽

Combination Method ◽

Highway Design ◽

Extension Direction ◽

The Impact ◽

Main Factor

Construction dust falls to the snow cover and the surface of the glacier to form a fouling layer to absorb more solar radiation and reduce the intensity of surface albedo, thereby accelerating the melting of the glacier, which is the main factor affecting the glacial environment in the Highway construction. This article adopts the combination method of wind tunnel experiment and numerical simulation was used to calculate the impact range of construction dust. The results show that with increasing of particle size, the diffusion range of dust decreased while the settlement speed increased. High dust concentration area (> 4mg / m3) is generally distributed within 1000m around the construction site. The specific extension direction is directly related to the local terrain and wind direction, and the height direction is generally not more than 300m. According to the above simulation results, for preventing and reducing the impact of highway construction on the glacial environment, the requirements of route selection and construction dust control measures was put forward, which played an important role and significance in guiding the highway design and construction and reducing the impact of highway construction on the glacial environment.

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ANALISIS KEKUATAN TARIK DAN IMPAK MATERIAL KOMPOSIT POLIMER DALAM APLIKASI FIBERBOAT

ALE Proceeding ◽

10.30598/ale.4.2021.121-126 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 121-126

Author(s):

Rezza Ruzuqi ◽

Victor Danny Waas

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Composite Materials ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Metal Corrosion ◽

Phase System ◽

Low Density ◽

Weight Percentage ◽

Multi Phase ◽

The Impact

Composite material is a material that has a multi-phase system composed of reinforcing materials and matrix materials. Causes the composite materials to have advantages in various ways such as low density, high mechanical properties, performance comparable to metal, corrosion resistance, and easy to fabricate. In the marine and fisheries industry, composite materials made from fiber reinforcement, especially fiberglass, have proven to be very special and popular in boat construction because they have the advantage of being chemically inert (both applied in general and marine environments), light, strong, easy to print, and price competitiveness. Thus in this study, tensile and impact methods were used to determine the mechanical properties of fiberglass polymer composite materials. Each test is carried out on variations in the amount of fiberglass laminate CSM 300, CSM 450 and WR 600 and variations in weight percentage 99.5% -0.5%, 99% -1%, 98.5% -1, 5%, 98% -2% and 97.5%-2.5% have been used. The results showed that the greater the number of laminates, the greater the impact strength, which was 413,712 MPa, and the more the percentage of hardener, the greater the impact strength, which was 416,487 MPa. The results showed that the more laminate the tensile strength increased, which was 87.054 MPa, and the more the percentage of hardener, the lower the tensile strength, which was 73.921 MPa.

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The impact of earthquakes on fluids in the crust

Annals of Geophysics ◽

10.4401/ag-4147 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

Author(s):

G. C. P. King ◽

R. M. Wood

Keyword(s):

Water Discharge ◽

Normal Fault ◽

Reverse Fault ◽

Crustal Rocks ◽

Decay Times ◽

Crystalline Crust ◽

Chemical Behaviour ◽

Deformation Models ◽

Fault Displacement ◽

The Impact

The character of the hydrological changes that follow major earthquakes has been investigated and found to be critically dependent on the style of fault displacement. In areas where fracture-flow in the crystalline crust communicates uninterrupted with the surface the most significant response is found to accompany major normal fault earthquakes. Increases in spring and river discharges peak a few days after the earthquake and typically excess flow is sustained for a period of 4 12 months. Rainfall equivalent discharges, have been found to ceed 100 mm close to the fault and remain above 10 mm at distances greater than 50 km. The total volume of water released in two M 7 normal fault earthquakes in the Western U.S.A. was 0.3-0.5 km3. In contrast, hydroIogical changes accompanying reverse fault earthquakes are either undetected or else involve falls in well-levels and spring-flows. The magnitude and distribution of the water-discharge for these events is compared with deformation models calibrated from seismic and geodetic information, and found to correlate with the crustal volume strain down to a depth of at least 5 km. Such relatively rapid drainage is only possible if the fluid was formerly contained in high aspect ratio fissures interconnected throughout much of the seismogenic upper crust. The rise and decay times of the discharge are shown to be critically dependent on crack widths, for which the «characteristic» or dominant cracks cannot be wider than 0.03 mm. These results suggest that fluid-filled cracks are ubiquitous throughout the brittle continental crust, and that these cracks open and close through the earthquake cycle. Seismohydraulic fluid flows have major implications for our understanding of the mechanical and chemical behaviour of crustal rocks, of the tectonic controls of fluid flow associated with petroleum migration, hydrothermal mineralisation and a significant hazard for underground waste disposal.

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